date:20060328

Hi Kaushal,Please clarify the problem more specific.Or you can tell us that you have a problem and want to use python to solve it?Sincerely Yours,pujoOn 3/29/06, 
Kaushal Shriyan <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
Hi AllHow do i use this ASCII values in my day to day activities, I am going throughlearning python,Please illustrate with examplesThanks in AdvanceRegardsKaushal___
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Re: [Tutor] get a character of an ascii-value

2006-03-28 Thread Keo Sophon

On Wednesday 29 March 2006 13:54, Keo Sophon wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I wonder how to get a character of an Ascii-value.  For example, i have r =
> 37. So i wanna print the character of 37. Is there any function?
>
> Thanks,
> Sophon

I just got the answer from Pujo. How about r is bigger than 127. How can i get 
the character? For example, r = 191.

Thanks,
Sophon
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[Tutor] ASCII

2006-03-28 Thread Kaushal Shriyan

Hi All

How do i use this ASCII values in my day to day activities, I am going through
learning python,

Please illustrate with examples

Thanks in Advance

Regards

Kaushal
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Re: [Tutor] get a character of an ascii-value

2006-03-28 Thread Hugo González Monteverde

Keo Sophon wrote:
> Hi all,
> 
> I wonder how to get a character of an Ascii-value.  For example, i have r = 
> 37. So i wanna print the character of 37. Is there any function?
> 
Hi ..yeah, it's called chr(), and its opposite is ord()

 >>> ord('r')
114
 >>> chr(114)
'r'
 >>>

Hugo
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Re: [Tutor] get a character of an ascii-value

Hello use this function:    print ord('a')    print chr(97)Cheers,pujoOn 3/29/06, Keo Sophon <
[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:Hi all,I wonder how to get a character of an Ascii-value.  For example, i have r =
37. So i wanna print the character of 37. Is there any function?Thanks,Sophon___Tutor maillist  -  Tutor@python.org
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[Tutor] get a character of an ascii-value

2006-03-28 Thread Keo Sophon

Hi all,

I wonder how to get a character of an Ascii-value.  For example, i have r = 
37. So i wanna print the character of 37. Is there any function?

Thanks,
Sophon
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Re: [Tutor] Alternating patterns

Hi,you can also use simple way of iterating using modus:    L = [1,2]    for i in range(6):    print L[i%len(L)]121212Cheers,pujo
On 3/29/06, kevin parks <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
 -->> Message: 10> Date: Tue, 28 Mar 2006 22:43:38 -0500> From: Kent Johnson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> Subject: Re: [Tutor] Alternating patterns> Cc: tutor@python.org> Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed
>> kevin parks wrote:>> I have a set that i iterate over... but each time through it i would>> like to alternate between the original set and a variation of the set>> that has one of the members of the set altered (by + or - 1)
 So if my original set is: [0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11] I would use that the first pass but on the second pass i might like>> the third member (4,) to become 3, (-1) resulting in : [0, 2, 3, 5, 7,
>> 9, 11] But then back again to the original  on the next pass (+1 back to 4,):>> [0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11] and then back: [0, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11] again, etc.
>>> How can one make such alternating patterns?>> itertools.cycle() will repeat a sequence indefinitely:> In [2]: from itertools import cycle>> In [3]: i=cycle([1,2])
>> In [5]: for j in range(6):> ...: print i.next()> ...:> ...:> 1> 2> 1> 2> 1> 2>> For non-repeating sequences I would look at writing a generator
> function> for the sequences.>> Kentokay.. i am painfully unaware of generators, iterators, sets, genexesand a lot of the new stuff post 2.3 & 2.4 stuffs... my problem is that
i find the online docs kind of terse and few of the Python books yetcover these newer constructs in detailitertools looks very cool are there any toots on the above and onSets & itertools? It really seems like it would help to know these for
my work... That liddo bit right up there with itertools.cycle alreadyhas me a drooling... (so helpful that would be!)-kp--___Tutor maillist  -  
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Re: [Tutor] Program for outputing the letter backward

On 29/03/06, Hoffmann <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Hi John,
>
> (1) vehicle[index] is: 'c'
> (2) If index = index = 1, so vehicle[index] becomes:
> 'a'

What I'm getting at here is that, by changing index, we can change
which letter we are looking at.  And index is a number, which means
it's easier to reason about than letters are.

Let's have a look at a possible solution:

>>> vehicle = 'car'
>>> index = 2
>>> print vehicle[index]
r
>>> index = 1
>>> print vehicle[index]
a
>>> index = 0
>>> print vehicle[index]
c

Notice that the three print statements are identical.  That suggests
we could write the code in a loop, with 'print vehicle[index]' in the
body of the loop.  Can you have a go at that?

--
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Re: [Tutor] Program for outputing the letter backward

--- John Fouhy <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> On 29/03/06, Hoffmann <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > >>> vehicle='car'
> > >>> index = 0
> > >>> lenght =len(vehicle)
> > >>> last = vehicle[lenght -1]
> > >>> while last >= vehicle[0]:
> > ...  letter = vehicle[index]
> > ...  print letter
> > ...  last -= 1
> > ...
> 
> What is vehicle[index] ?
> 
> What if I change index, say,
> 
>index = index + 1
> 
> Now what is vehicle[index] ?
> 
> --
> John.
> ___

Hi John,

(1) vehicle[index] is: 'c'
(2) If index = index = 1, so vehicle[index] becomes:
'a'

I changed a bit more the code, but I am still in
trouble. please, take a look:

(1st. try):
>>> vehicle='car'
>>> index = vehicle[-1]#'r'
>>> lenght =len(vehicle)   # 3 leters
>>> last = vehicle[lenght -1]  # 
>>> while last >= vehicle[0]:
... letter = vehicle[index]
... print letter
... last -= 1
...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 2, in ?
TypeError: string indices must be integers

(2nd, try):
>>> vehicle='car'
>>> index = vehicle[-1]
>>> while vehicle[-1] >= vehicle[0]:
... letter = vehicle[index]
... print letter
... index -= 1
...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 2, in ?
TypeError: string indices must be integers

Such a 'hard' simple problem...

Hoffmann


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Re: [Tutor] Alternating patterns

2006-03-28 Thread kevin parks

>
>
>
> --
>
> Message: 10
> Date: Tue, 28 Mar 2006 22:43:38 -0500
> From: Kent Johnson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> Subject: Re: [Tutor] Alternating patterns
> Cc: tutor@python.org
> Message-ID: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed
>
> kevin parks wrote:
>> I have a set that i iterate over... but each time through it i would
>> like to alternate between the original set and a variation of the set
>> that has one of the members of the set altered (by + or - 1)
>>
>> So if my original set is:
>>
>> [0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11]
>>
>> I would use that the first pass but on the second pass i might like
>> the third member (4,) to become 3, (-1) resulting in : [0, 2, 3, 5, 7,
>> 9, 11]
>>
>> But then back again to the original  on the next pass (+1 back to 4,):
>> [0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11]
>>
>> and then back: [0, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11] again, etc.
>
>> How can one make such alternating patterns?
>
> itertools.cycle() will repeat a sequence indefinitely:
> In [2]: from itertools import cycle
>
> In [3]: i=cycle([1,2])
>
> In [5]: for j in range(6):
> ...: print i.next()
> ...:
> ...:
> 1
> 2
> 1
> 2
> 1
> 2
>
> For non-repeating sequences I would look at writing a generator 
> function
> for the sequences.
>
> Kent



okay.. i am painfully unaware of generators, iterators, sets, genexes 
and a lot of the new stuff post 2.3 & 2.4 stuffs... my problem is that 
i find the online docs kind of terse and few of the Python books yet 
cover these newer constructs in detail

itertools looks very cool are there any toots on the above and on 
Sets & itertools? It really seems like it would help to know these for 
my work... That liddo bit right up there with itertools.cycle already 
has me a drooling... (so helpful that would be!)

-kp--





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Re: [Tutor] Program for outputing the letter backward

On 29/03/06, Hoffmann <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> >>> vehicle='car'
> >>> index = 0
> >>> lenght =len(vehicle)
> >>> last = vehicle[lenght -1]
> >>> while last >= vehicle[0]:
> ...  letter = vehicle[index]
> ...  print letter
> ...  last -= 1
> ...

What is vehicle[index] ?

What if I change index, say,

   index = index + 1

Now what is vehicle[index] ?

--
John.
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Re: [Tutor] Program for outputing the letter backward

--- John Fouhy <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> On 29/03/06, Hoffmann <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > vehicle='car'
> > index = vehicle[-1]   #the last letter
> > index_zero = vehicle[0]   #the first letter
> >
> > while index >= index_zero:
> >letter=vehicle[index]
> >print letter
> >index -= 1
> >
> > The problem is that I get no output here. Could I
> hear
> > from you?
> 
> I can print the letters backwards like this:
> 
> vehicle = 'car'
> print vehicle[2]
> print vehicle[1]
> print vehicle[0]
> 
> Output:
> 
> r
> a
> c
> 
> -
> 
> This is not very useful, though, because it will
> only work for strings
> that are exactly three letters long.  Can you see
> how to write a loop
> to produe this output?
> 
> Hint: the len() function will tell you how long a
> string is.
> 
> eg: if vehicle == 'car' then len(vehicle) == 3.
> 
> --
> John.
> ___

Hi John,

I am still 'blind' here.

Please, see below what I did, and what I got:

>>> vehicle='car'
>>> index = 0
>>> lenght =len(vehicle)
>>> last = vehicle[lenght -1]
>>> while last >= vehicle[0]:
... letter = vehicle[index]
... print letter
... last -= 1
...
c
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 4, in ?
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -=: 'str'
and 'int'

As you can see, I am still a newbie...
Could anyone, please, guide me on this exercise?
Thanks!
Hoffmann

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Re: [Tutor] Bigrams and nested dictionaries

2006-03-28 Thread Michael Broe

Aha! John wrote:

"Are you sure you haven't mistakenly assigned something other than a  
dict to D or D['d'] ?"

Thanks for the tip! Yup that was it (and apologies for not reporting  
the problem more precisely). I hadn't initialized the nested  
dictionary before trying to assign to it. (I think Perl doesn't  
require initialization of dictionaries prior to assignment, which in  
this case, would be a nice thing...)

 >>> D['a'] = {'a':1, 'b':2}#oops
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "", line 1, in ?
NameError: name 'D' is not defined
 >>> D = {}
 >>> D['a'] = {'a':1, 'b':2}
 >>> D
{'a': {'a': 1, 'b': 2}}
 >>> D['c']['a'] = 1   #ooops
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "", line 1, in ?
KeyError: 'c'
 >>> D['c'] = {}
 >>> D['c']['a'] = 1
 >>> D
{'a': {'a': 1, 'b': 2}, 'c': {'a': 1}}

And Kent wrote:

"Encapsulating this in a generator is probably a good plan."

Yay, I get to play with generators... thanks for the suggestion, I  
would never have looked in that direction.

--
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Mathematica: Flatten[L] (but where's the fun in that?)

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Re: [Tutor] Python help

2006-03-28 Thread Hugo González Monteverde

Why not post where you are stuck or what you are trying to understand? 
and we'll give you help and direction. What we cannot do is solve your 
homework for you.

Hugo

Natasha Menon wrote:
> hi,
> 
> i need help on a terrible homework assignment. do ul offer hw help?
> 
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Re: [Tutor] Program for outputing the letter backward

Hoffmann wrote:
> --- Kent Johnson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> 
>>You are confusing the index of a letter - the number
>>which represents 
>>its position in the word - with the letter itself.
>>In your code, index 
>>and index_zero are actually letters, not indices.
>>Try to rewrite the 
>>code so they are numbers.
> 
> Sorry for not showing the traceback the first time.
> Please, see it below:
> 
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "", line 2, in ?
> TypeError: string indices must be integers
> 
> Any hint?

Already gave the hint in the first part of my reply. The error message 
repeats it.

Kent

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Re: [Tutor] Alternating patterns

kevin parks wrote:
> I have a set that i iterate over... but each time through it i would 
> like to alternate between the original set and a variation of the set 
> that has one of the members of the set altered (by + or - 1)
> 
> So if my original set is:
> 
> [0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11]
> 
> I would use that the first pass but on the second pass i might like  
> the third member (4,) to become 3, (-1) resulting in : [0, 2, 3, 5, 7, 
> 9, 11]
> 
> But then back again to the original  on the next pass (+1 back to 4,): 
> [0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11]
> 
> and then back: [0, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11] again, etc.

> How can one make such alternating patterns?

itertools.cycle() will repeat a sequence indefinitely:
In [2]: from itertools import cycle

In [3]: i=cycle([1,2])

In [5]: for j in range(6):
...: print i.next()
...:
...:
1
2
1
2
1
2

For non-repeating sequences I would look at writing a generator function 
for the sequences.

Kent

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Re: [Tutor] Bigrams and nested dictionaries

Michael Broe wrote:
> I'm playing with the whole idea of creating bigram (digram?)  
> frequencies for text analysis and cryptographic and entropy analysis  
> etc (this is as much an exercise in learning Python and programming  
> as anything else, I realise everything has already been done  
> somewhere somehow :) Though I *am* aiming to run this over unicoded  
> phonetic representations of natural languages, which doesn't seem to  
> be that common.
> 
> I implemented a single character count using a dictionary, and it  
> worked really well:
> 
> Character_Count = {}
> for character in text:
>   Character_Count[character] = Character_Count.get(character, 0) + 1
>   
> And so for bigrams I was thinking of creating a data-structure that  
> was a nested dictionary, where the key was the character in position  
> 1, and the value was a sub-dictionary that gave a count of each  
> character in position 2.
> 
> So the dictionary might begin something like:
> 
> {'a': {'a':1, 'b':8, 'c':10,...}, 'b' : {'a':23, 'b':0, 'c': 
> 1,...},..., 'z' : {'a':11, 'b':0, 'c':0,...}}
> 
> The count of the character in position one could be retrieved by  
> summing over the characters in position 2, so the bigram and single- 
> character counts can be done in one pass.
> 
> I don't want anyone to tell me how to do this :) I'd just like to get  
> a feel for:
> 
> (i) is this idea of a nested dictionary a good/efficient/tractable  
> data-structure?

It can work. An alternative is a dictionary keyed by the two-letter 
pairs. I don't know which will work better.
> 
> (ii) is there a straightforward path to the goal of constructing this  
> thing in a single pass over the input string (yes or no will suffice  
> for the moment!), or is there a can of worms lurking in my future.

I think so.
> 
> I'd rather have less information than more, but there is something  
> about grabbing characters two-at-a-time, but moving forward one-at-a- 
> time, and sticking the count down a level inside the dictionary  
> that's just a little baffling at the moment. 

Encapsulating this in a generator is probably a good plan. If you want 
help look at the online cookbook. The generator can yield two-character 
strings or tuples of characters, whichever is more convenient. When you 
have a generator for the pairs the rest of the program will be pretty 
straightforward.

Kent

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Re: [Tutor] Program for outputing the letter backward

--- Kent Johnson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> Hoffmann wrote:
> > Hello:
> > 
> > I am trying to write a code (this is an exercose
> from
> > a book). The goal is to write a program that takes
> a
> > string  and outputs the letters backward, ine per
> > line.
> > Ok. I did a test first, by writing a code with
> > numbers:
> > 
> > a=0; b=10
> > while a<=b:
> >print b
> >b -= 1
> > 
> > Here the output is:
> > 10
> > 9
> > 8
> > 7
> > 6
> > 5
> > 4
> > 3
> > 2
> > 1
> > 0
> > That worked fine.
> > Now, back to my exercise. I tried to write a code
> that
> > takes the string 'car' as the input:
> > 
> > vehicle='car'
> > index = vehicle[-1]   #the last letter
> > index_zero = vehicle[0]   #the first letter
> > 
> > while index >= index_zero:
> >letter=vehicle[index]
> >print letter
> >index -= 1
> 
> You are confusing the index of a letter - the number
> which represents 
> its position in the word - with the letter itself.
> In your code, index 
> and index_zero are actually letters, not indices.
> Try to rewrite the 
> code so they are numbers.
> > 
> > The problem is that I get no output here.
> 
> My guess is you got a TypeError on the line
>letter=vehicle[index]
> 
> decause index is a letter. It's important to give us
> accurate 
> descriptions of what happens, and to show error
> messages and the 
> tracebacks that come with them. This can be very
> helpful when you have a 
> problem.
> 
> Kent
> 
> ___

Hi Kent,

Sorry for not showing the traceback the first time.
Please, see it below:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 2, in ?
TypeError: string indices must be integers

Any hint?

Thanks,
Hoffmann

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Re: [Tutor] Program for outputing the letter backward

Hoffmann wrote:
> Hello:
> 
> I am trying to write a code (this is an exercose from
> a book). The goal is to write a program that takes a
> string  and outputs the letters backward, ine per
> line.
> Ok. I did a test first, by writing a code with
> numbers:
> 
> a=0; b=10
> while a<=b:
>print b
>b -= 1
> 
> Here the output is:
> 10
> 9
> 8
> 7
> 6
> 5
> 4
> 3
> 2
> 1
> 0
> That worked fine.
> Now, back to my exercise. I tried to write a code that
> takes the string 'car' as the input:
> 
> vehicle='car'
> index = vehicle[-1]   #the last letter
> index_zero = vehicle[0]   #the first letter
> 
> while index >= index_zero:
>letter=vehicle[index]
>print letter
>index -= 1

You are confusing the index of a letter - the number which represents 
its position in the word - with the letter itself. In your code, index 
and index_zero are actually letters, not indices. Try to rewrite the 
code so they are numbers.
> 
> The problem is that I get no output here.

My guess is you got a TypeError on the line
   letter=vehicle[index]

decause index is a letter. It's important to give us accurate 
descriptions of what happens, and to show error messages and the 
tracebacks that come with them. This can be very helpful when you have a 
problem.

Kent

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[Tutor] Alternating patterns

2006-03-28 Thread kevin parks

I have a set that i iterate over... but each time through it i would 
like to alternate between the original set and a variation of the set 
that has one of the members of the set altered (by + or - 1)

So if my original set is:

[0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11]

I would use that the first pass but on the second pass i might like  
the third member (4,) to become 3, (-1) resulting in : [0, 2, 3, 5, 7, 
9, 11]

But then back again to the original  on the next pass (+1 back to 4,): 
[0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11]

and then back: [0, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11] again, etc.

in other words i would like to alternate members of the set back and 
forth. Usually only 1 (or sometimes 2,) member at time. i could also 
imagine a needing(alter one, alter another, undo that, undo the first 
back to the original set):

[0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11] --> [0, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11] --> [0, 2, 3, 5, 7, 
8, 10] --> [0, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11] --> [0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11]

or:

original --> [0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11]
altered --> [0, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11]
now back to 4, but change something else (like 11, is now 10):
[0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10]

etc...

How can one make such alternating patterns?

-kp--

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Re: [Tutor] Program for outputing the letter backward

--- John Fouhy <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:

> On 29/03/06, Hoffmann <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > vehicle='car'
> > index = vehicle[-1]   #the last letter
> > index_zero = vehicle[0]   #the first letter
> >
> > while index >= index_zero:
> >letter=vehicle[index]
> >print letter
> >index -= 1
> >
> > The problem is that I get no output here. Could I
> hear
> > from you?
> 
> I can print the letters backwards like this:
> 
> vehicle = 'car'
> print vehicle[2]
> print vehicle[1]
> print vehicle[0]
> 
> Output:
> 
> r
> a
> c
> 
> -
> 
> This is not very useful, though, because it will
> only work for strings
> that are exactly three letters long.  Can you see
> how to write a loop
> to produe this output?
> 
> Hint: the len() function will tell you how long a
> string is.
> 
> eg: if vehicle == 'car' then len(vehicle) == 3.
> 
> --
> John.
> ___

Hi John and the other colleagues from the Tutor,

I still didn't realized how to solve this exercise.
Regarding the for loop. I can do that for the
"forward" version of the program. See below:

name = 'car'

for char in name:
   print char

However, I still write a "backward" version (in order
to get 
r
a
c

Could you guys, please, continue talking to me? 

Thanks!
Hoffmann

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Re: [Tutor] Bigrams and nested dictionaries

On 29/03/06, Michael Broe <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Well I ran into an interesting glitch already. For a dictionary D, I
> can pull out a nested value using this syntax:
>
>  >>> D['b']['a']
> 23
>
> and I can assign to this dictionary using
>
>  >>> D['d'] = {'a':7, 'b':0'}
>
> but I can't assign like this:
>
>  >>> D['d']['c'] = 1
> TypeError: object does not support item assignment.

I can't reproduce this...

>>> D = {}
>>> D['d'] = {'a':7, 'b':0}
>>> D['d']['c'] = 1
>>> D
{'d': {'a': 7, 'c': 1, 'b': 0}}

Are you sure you haven't mistakenly assigned something other than a
dict to D or D['d'] ?

--
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Re: [Tutor] Bigrams and nested dictionaries

2006-03-28 Thread Michael Broe

Well I ran into an interesting glitch already. For a dictionary D, I  
can pull out a nested value using this syntax:

 >>> D['b']['a']
23

and I can assign to this dictionary using

 >>> D['d'] = {'a':7, 'b':0'}

but I can't assign like this:

 >>> D['d']['c'] = 1
TypeError: object does not support item assignment.

hmmm.


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[Tutor] Program for outputing the letter backward

2006-03-28 Thread Johnston Jiaa

Hoffman,I am a newbie at python and programming in general so excuse me if I'm wrong.  In your example, you hadwhile index >= index_zero:which I believe to not be what you intended as you are essentially saying:while "last letter of vehicle" >= "first letter of vehicle""e" is respectively "less than" "v", so that is why your code never executes.  You probably mean for the index to actually be the index, not the last letter.  "index -= 1" is illegal as the variable points to a string, which can not be subtracted from.  Hope I was of help!Johnston Jiaa ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
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[Tutor] Bigrams and nested dictionaries

2006-03-28 Thread Michael Broe

I'm playing with the whole idea of creating bigram (digram?)  
frequencies for text analysis and cryptographic and entropy analysis  
etc (this is as much an exercise in learning Python and programming  
as anything else, I realise everything has already been done  
somewhere somehow :) Though I *am* aiming to run this over unicoded  
phonetic representations of natural languages, which doesn't seem to  
be that common.

I implemented a single character count using a dictionary, and it  
worked really well:

Character_Count = {}
for character in text:
Character_Count[character] = Character_Count.get(character, 0) + 1

And so for bigrams I was thinking of creating a data-structure that  
was a nested dictionary, where the key was the character in position  
1, and the value was a sub-dictionary that gave a count of each  
character in position 2.

So the dictionary might begin something like:

{'a': {'a':1, 'b':8, 'c':10,...}, 'b' : {'a':23, 'b':0, 'c': 
1,...},..., 'z' : {'a':11, 'b':0, 'c':0,...}}

The count of the character in position one could be retrieved by  
summing over the characters in position 2, so the bigram and single- 
character counts can be done in one pass.

I don't want anyone to tell me how to do this :) I'd just like to get  
a feel for:

(i) is this idea of a nested dictionary a good/efficient/tractable  
data-structure?

(ii) is there a straightforward path to the goal of constructing this  
thing in a single pass over the input string (yes or no will suffice  
for the moment!), or is there a can of worms lurking in my future.

I'd rather have less information than more, but there is something  
about grabbing characters two-at-a-time, but moving forward one-at-a- 
time, and sticking the count down a level inside the dictionary  
that's just a little baffling at the moment. On the other hand it's  
like moving a two-character window across the text and recording  
information as you go, which seems like it should be a good thing to  
do computationally. I like being baffled, I'd just kinda like to know  
if this is a good problem to work on to gain enlightenment, or a bad  
one and I should think about a totally different path with a less  
jazzy data structure.



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Re: [Tutor] Program for outputing the letter backward

2006-03-28 Thread Hugo González Monteverde

Hoffmann wrote:

> while index >= index_zero:
>letter=vehicle[index]
>print letter
>index -= 1
> 
> The problem is that I get no output here. Could I hear
> from you?

Hi, remember that the condition for the while has to be true. When does
index >= index_zero stop being true???

Hope that gets you going,

Hugo

Ps: there are easier ways of doing this in Python, consider the "for" 
statement.
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Re: [Tutor] Program for outputing the letter backward

On 29/03/06, Hoffmann <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> vehicle='car'
> index = vehicle[-1]   #the last letter
> index_zero = vehicle[0]   #the first letter
>
> while index >= index_zero:
>letter=vehicle[index]
>print letter
>index -= 1
>
> The problem is that I get no output here. Could I hear
> from you?

I can print the letters backwards like this:

vehicle = 'car'
print vehicle[2]
print vehicle[1]
print vehicle[0]

Output:

r
a
c

-

This is not very useful, though, because it will only work for strings
that are exactly three letters long.  Can you see how to write a loop
to produe this output?

Hint: the len() function will tell you how long a string is.

eg: if vehicle == 'car' then len(vehicle) == 3.

--
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[Tutor] Program for outputing the letter backward

Hello:

I am trying to write a code (this is an exercose from
a book). The goal is to write a program that takes a
string  and outputs the letters backward, ine per
line.
Ok. I did a test first, by writing a code with
numbers:

a=0; b=10
while a<=b:
   print b
   b -= 1

Here the output is:
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
That worked fine.
Now, back to my exercise. I tried to write a code that
takes the string 'car' as the input:

vehicle='car'
index = vehicle[-1]   #the last letter
index_zero = vehicle[0]   #the first letter

while index >= index_zero:
   letter=vehicle[index]
   print letter
   index -= 1

The problem is that I get no output here. Could I hear
from you?

Thanks!
Hoffmann


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Re: [Tutor] Guessing a number with limited no. of tries game gone wrong.

2006-03-28 Thread Victor Bouffier

Hi Ros,

Look what happens when the user tried for more than 5 times:

if tries > 5:
break

This just takes you out of the loop, but it does not handle the issue
that the user did not guess correctly. The next statement will be to
print the congratulations message.

You should instead tell the user they did not make it and exit the
program altogether, probably letting them know what the actual number
was. Something like:

if tries > 5:
print "Too bad. You tried one too many times." 
print "The number was", the_number
sys.exit()

You have to 'import sys' first though.
Try it out and analyze the flow of the program. Use the debugger to try
your code one step at a time to see what is going wrong.

I would also change the initial guess to specify the range, like:

guess = int(raw_input("Take a guess between 1 and 100: "))

Best of luck.
Victor


On Tue, 2006-03-28 at 12:20 -0500, Ros Daniel wrote:
> I am a newbie at Python. Just bought Python Programming 2nd ed. by Michael 
> Dawson. While I understand the concepts as the book is going through the 
> code, and I am able get the same results, when it comes to applying what 
> I've learned to the exercises at the end of each chapter, I seem to be 
> stumped. I think my logic is off somehow. I am able to get the program to 
> work if it's just a case of the user guessing the random number, and then 
> being told they guessed correctly in a certain number of tries. It's when 
> the user has a limited number of guesses that I am stumped. Either I get an 
> infinite loop, or the program will say I guessed right in a certain number 
> of tries, but the guess is not correct
> 
> Can anyone explain to me what I'm missing and doing wrong? Thanks.
> 
> # Modify the Guess My Number game so that the player has a limited number of 
> guesses. If the player fails to guess in time, the program should display an 
> appropriately chastising message.
> 
> 
> 
> import random
> 
> print "Welcome to the new and improved 'Guess My Number' game."
> print "This time you have a limited number of guesses, so guess wisely.\n"
> 
> 
> the_number = random.randrange(100) + 1
> 
> guess = int(raw_input("Take a guess: "))
> tries = 1
> 
> # guessing loop
> while (guess != the_number):
> if tries > 5:
> break
> elif guess > the_number:
> print "Lower..."
> elif guess < the_number:
> print "Higher..."
> 
> guess = int(raw_input("Guess again:"))
> tries += 1
> 
> 
> # message of congratulations
> print "You guessed it! The number was", the_number
> print "And it only took you", tries, "tries!\n"
> 
> 
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On 3/27/06, Noufal Ibrahim <[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> wrote:
Greetings all, Are there any programs for python that offer an "interactive" tutorial?Something on the lines of the builtin emacs tutorial (which isbasically just a buffer that tells you to try this and try that with
itself) or the Inkscape tutorial (which is an SVG document that comesalong with inkscape which has instructions on manipulating it so thatthe reader learns stuff). Another example that comes to mind is the

tcltutor program to learn TCL. It contains an instruction window, acode window and an output window. The user is told something, they tryit and the output is visible. I personally used it when I was learningTCL.
The python tutorial is great and probably all one needs to learn thelanguage but I think a more interactive program to teach it might beuseful. I googled a little and found Guido van Robot although I'm not
sure if it's exactly like what I'm talking about. Are there any others?Do you all think it'll be a worthwhile project?There are several of us on the edupython list who want something like this but it hasn't (to my knowledge) been created yet. The best things out there so far, are livewires, guido von robot, and rur-ple. If you're interested in working on such a project, you're welcome to join us.
http://groups.google.com/group/edupython-- cordially,Anna--It is fate, but call it Italy if it pleases you, Vicar!

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[Tutor] Object Oriented Programmin

2006-03-28 Thread Mike Hansen

> Subject:
> [Tutor] Object Oriented Programmin
> From:
> "Kaushal Shriyan" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> Date:
> Tue, 28 Mar 2006 12:57:58 +0530
> To:
> tutor@python.org
> 
> To:
> tutor@python.org
> 
> 
> Hi ALL
> 
> I have gone through the object oriented programming in Python, I am
> not able to understand OOP concept in python,
> 
> is there a methodical way to understand it and simplfy things
> 
> Thanks in Advance
> 
> Regards
> 
> Kaushal
> 

If you are reading Learning Python(2nd Ed), the OOP section was a little 
thick to me. I read the book, The Object Oriented Thought Process. Then 
I went back and read the chapters on OOP in Learning Python, and it made 
a lot more sense.

Mike
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Re: [Tutor] Data Type with Dictionary and List Behavior

2006-03-28 Thread Orri Ganel

Carroll, Barry wrote:

>Greetings:
>
>I have a function that computes the checksum of an integer, including or 
>excluding digits in the computation based on the content of a mask string.  
>For example, 
>
>cksum(123456789, '***...***')
>
>will do its computation on 123789, masking out the three non-significant 
>digits.  
>
>My question concerns assigning the value of the mask string.  The class that 
>defines the function also pre-defines several masks, say '*', 
>'***...***', and '..***'.  The masks have names: 'all', 'first-last', 
>'last'. Of these, 'all' is the most commonly used.  The user may select one of 
>these masks, or may supply their own, arbitrary value. Further, the user can 
>choose to add their value to the group of pre-defines, and reuse that value 
>later in the session.  (The user-defined mask is not saved between sessions; 
>no permanent storage is required.)
>
>So far, this structure looks like a dictionary.  However, the user also wants 
>to access the group of pre-defined masks as if they were elements of a list: 
>
> masks[0] returns '*' 
> masks[1] returns '***...***'
>
>and so on.  To make matters even more complex, if the user does not specify a 
>mask to use, the function should use the mask employed in the previous 
>invocation, defaulting to masks[0] if this is the first invocation.  Finally, 
>the user can set a mask as 'default', which essentially marks a mask as 'last 
>used' without invoking the function.  
>
>Is there a derived type or data structure in existence that implements these 
>capabilities (in descending order of importance?
>
>1. Access by name (dict)
>2. Access by position (list)
>3. Addition of new items  (dict, list)
>4. Set a 'last used' item (??)
>5. Set a 'default' item   (dict???)
>
>Thanks in advance for your help.  
>
>Regards,
> 
>Barry
>[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>541-302-1107
>
>We who cut mere stones must always be envisioning cathedrals.
>-Quarry worker's creed
>
>
>___
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>
>  
>
Would the following fit the bill?

 >>> class maskdict(dict):
def __init__(self, seq={}):

dict.__init__(self,{True:["*","***...***","..***"],False:{"all":"*","first-last":"***...***","last":"..***",None:"**"}})
self.update(seq)
def __getitem__(self, index=None):
dict.__getitem__(self, isinstance(index,int))[index]
self[None] = dict.__getitem__(self,isinstance(index,int))[index]
return dict.__getitem__(self, False)[None]
def __setitem__(self, index, value):
if isinstance(index, int):
return dict.__setitem__(self, isinstance(index,int), 
dict.__getitem__(self,isinstance(index,int))+[value])
return dict.__setitem__(dict.__getitem__(self, False), index, value)
def setdef(self, default):
self[None] = default

 >>> md = maskdict()
 >>> md[0]
'*'
 >>> md["all"]
'*'
 >>> md[1]
'***...***'
 >>> md["first-last"]
'***...***'
 >>> md[2]
'..***'
 >>> md["last"]
'..***'
 >>> md.__getitem__()  # md[] results in a syntax error instead of 
passing None on to __getitem__ like you'd expect
'..***'
 >>> md[1]
'***...***'
 >>> md.__getitem__()
'***...***'
 >>> md[0]
'*'
 >>> md.__getitem__()
'*'
 >>> md[3] = "."
 >>> md[3]
'.'
 >>> md["first-four"] = md[3]
 >>> md["first-four"]
'.'
 >>> md.setdef(md[3])
 >>> md.__getitem__()
'.'

You'd still have to figure out how to integrate it in to your checksum 
function as well as make meaningful error messages, but it should give 
you a good start.

Cheers,
Orri

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AIM: singingxduck
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Re: [Tutor] Python help

2006-03-28 Thread Danny Yoo



On Tue, 28 Mar 2006, Natasha Menon wrote:

> i need help on a terrible homework assignment. do ul offer hw help?

Not directly.  Your homework is really your own to do.  Please try to
avoid the temptation of just posting a homework question here and hoping
that someone will do the work for you.  See:

http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html#homework

But if you are asking for documentation or tutorial resources, or if you'd
like to talk about general concepts or examples to help make things less
confusing, we'll be happy to help in that way.


Good luck to you.

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[Tutor] Python help

2006-03-28 Thread Natasha Menon

hi,i need help on a terrible homework assignment. do ul offer hw help?natasha
	
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Re: [Tutor] Python tutor

2006-03-28 Thread John Lesko

This actually sounds like very good idea. I have not heard of it before, but I think it would be a very good way to learn. Let me know if you find anything.JohnOn 3/28/06, 
Noufal Ibrahim <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
Greetings all,   Are there any programs for python that offer an "interactive" tutorial?Something on the lines of the builtin emacs tutorial (which isbasically just a buffer that tells you to try this and try that with
itself) or the Inkscape tutorial (which is an SVG document that comesalong with inkscape which has instructions on manipulating it so thatthe reader learns stuff). Another example that comes to mind is the
tcltutor program to learn TCL. It contains an instruction window, acode window and an output window. The user is told something, they tryit and the output is visible. I personally used it when I was learningTCL.
   The python tutorial is great and probably all one needs to learn thelanguage but I think a more interactive program to teach it might beuseful. I googled a little and found Guido van Robot although I'm not
sure if it's exactly like what I'm talking about. Are there any others?Do you all think it'll be a worthwhile project?Bye---NI___Tutor maillist  -  
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[Tutor] Guessing a number with limited no. of tries game gone wrong.

2006-03-28 Thread Ros Daniel

I am a newbie at Python. Just bought Python Programming 2nd ed. by Michael 
Dawson. While I understand the concepts as the book is going through the 
code, and I am able get the same results, when it comes to applying what 
I've learned to the exercises at the end of each chapter, I seem to be 
stumped. I think my logic is off somehow. I am able to get the program to 
work if it's just a case of the user guessing the random number, and then 
being told they guessed correctly in a certain number of tries. It's when 
the user has a limited number of guesses that I am stumped. Either I get an 
infinite loop, or the program will say I guessed right in a certain number 
of tries, but the guess is not correct

Can anyone explain to me what I'm missing and doing wrong? Thanks.

# Modify the Guess My Number game so that the player has a limited number of 
guesses. If the player fails to guess in time, the program should display an 
appropriately chastising message.



import random

print "Welcome to the new and improved 'Guess My Number' game."
print "This time you have a limited number of guesses, so guess wisely.\n"


the_number = random.randrange(100) + 1

guess = int(raw_input("Take a guess: "))
tries = 1

# guessing loop
while (guess != the_number):
if tries > 5:
break
elif guess > the_number:
print "Lower..."
elif guess < the_number:
print "Higher..."

guess = int(raw_input("Guess again:"))
tries += 1


# message of congratulations
print "You guessed it! The number was", the_number
print "And it only took you", tries, "tries!\n"


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Re: [Tutor] Tutor Digest, Vol 25, Issue 70

2006-03-28 Thread Carroll, Barry

John:

Well, I haven't made a custom container class before.  This looks like a
good time to start.  And the sample code you provided looks like a good
starting place.  Thanks for your help.  

Regards,
 
Barry
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
541-302-1107

We who cut mere stones must always be envisioning cathedrals.

-Quarry worker's creed


> --
> 
> Message: 2
> Date: Tue, 28 Mar 2006 12:33:46 +1200
> From: "John Fouhy" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> Subject: Re: [Tutor] Data Type with Dictionary and List Behavior
> To: tutor@python.org
> Message-ID:
>   <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
> 
<>
>
> Probably your best bet is to define your own container class.  If you
> define __getitem__, you can use [] with instances of your class, just
> like lists or dicts.
> 
<>
>
> HTH!
> 
> --
> John.
> 
> 

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Re: [Tutor] setdefault method

2006-03-28 Thread Carroll, Barry

Terry and Kent:

Thanks for your timely replies. I agree: its creator could have chosen a
more intuitive name for setdefault.  

Regards,
 
Barry
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
541-302-1107

We who cut mere stones must always be envisioning cathedrals.

-Quarry worker's creed


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Re: [Tutor] Learning Python

I do recommend three books:

(1) "How to Think Like a Computer Scientist: Learning
with Python", by Allen Downey, Jeffrey Elkner, and
Chris Meyers. There exist a free online version, too:
http://www.ibiblio.org/obp/thinkCSpy/

(2) "Learning Python", by Mark Lutz and David Ascher.

(3) "Beginning Python", by Magnus Lie Hetland.

This is all you need for a good start with python.

Hoffmann

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Re: [Tutor] Learning Python

2006-03-28 Thread stv

If you're a bookish type, I found Magnus Lie Hetland's "Beginning
Python" excellent. It's really more than a beginners books. I came to
Python with a scripting background--mostly lightweight OS stuff
(Applescript, DOS) as well as a lot of lightweight application
programming (Filemaker, SQL, VBA for Excel, etc) and I got a lot out
of the book.

It covers the basics for a true beginner, but not in a dumbed-down
way. It's also well indexed & somewhat useful as a reference for the
most common things.

Mark Pilgrim's "Dive Into Python" comes highly recommended, and is
available on-line.
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Re: [Tutor] BeautifulSoup - deleting tags

2006-03-28 Thread jonasmg

Kent Johnson writes: 

> [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>> Is possible deleting all tags from a text and how?  
>> 
>> i.e.:  
>> 
>> s='foo bar;
>> foo2 > title="...">bar2'  
>> 
>> so, I would get only: foo bar, foo2, bar2
> 
> How about this? 
> 
> In [1]: import BeautifulSoup 
> 
> In [2]: s=BeautifulSoup.BeautifulSoup('''foo 
> bar;
>...: foo2  title="...">bar2''') 
> 
> In [4]: ' '.join(i.string for i in s.fetch() if i.string)
> Out[4]: 'foo bar foo2 bar2' 
> 
> 
> Here are a couple of tag strippers that don't use BS:
> http://www.aminus.org/rbre/python/cleanhtml.py
> http://www.oluyede.org/blog/2006/02/13/html-stripper/ 
> 
> Kent 
> 

Another way (valid only for this case): 

: for i in s.fetch('a'): print i.string 
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Re: [Tutor] Object Oriented Programmin

2006-03-28 Thread Kaushal Shriyan

On 3/28/06, Kent Johnson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Kaushal Shriyan wrote:
> > Hi ALL
> >
> > I have gone through the object oriented programming in Python, I am
> > not able to understand OOP concept in python,
>
> Both Alan Gauld's tutorial and A Byte of Python have beginner's
> introductions to OOP:
> http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld/
> http://www.byteofpython.info/read/oops.html
>
> I have written an essay that talks about *why* you might want to use
> OOP, rathre than how...
> http://www.pycs.net/users/323/stories/15.html
>
> Kent
>
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Thanks a Bunch to All

Kaushal
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Re: [Tutor] BeautifulSoup - deleting tags

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> Is possible deleting all tags from a text and how? 
> 
> i.e.: 
> 
> qwe='foo bar;
> foo2 bar2' 
> 
> so, I would get only: foo bar, foo2, bar2 

How about this?

In [1]: import BeautifulSoup

In [2]: s=BeautifulSoup.BeautifulSoup('''foo bar;
...: foo2 bar2''')

In [4]: ' '.join(i.string for i in s.fetch() if i.string)
Out[4]: 'foo bar foo2 bar2'


Here are a couple of tag strippers that don't use BS:
http://www.aminus.org/rbre/python/cleanhtml.py
http://www.oluyede.org/blog/2006/02/13/html-stripper/

Kent

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Re: [Tutor] Object Oriented Programmin

Kaushal Shriyan wrote:
> Hi ALL
> 
> I have gone through the object oriented programming in Python, I am
> not able to understand OOP concept in python,

Both Alan Gauld's tutorial and A Byte of Python have beginner's 
introductions to OOP:
http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld/
http://www.byteofpython.info/read/oops.html

I have written an essay that talks about *why* you might want to use 
OOP, rathre than how...
http://www.pycs.net/users/323/stories/15.html

Kent

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[Tutor] BeautifulSoup - deleting tags

2006-03-28 Thread jonasmg

Is possible deleting all tags from a text and how? 

i.e.: 

qwe='foo bar;
foo2 bar2' 

so, I would get only: foo bar, foo2, bar2 

Thanks in advance! 
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Re: [Tutor] using BeautifulSoup

2006-03-28 Thread jonasmg

Kent Johnson writes: 

> [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
>> anchor.findNext('code') fails:  
>> 
>> anchor = soup.fetch('a', {'href': '/wiki/List_of_country_calling_codes'})
>> print anchor  
>> 
>>  [Calling code]  
>> 
>> anchor.findNext('code')
>> [] 
> 
> are you sure that's what you got? Looks like an AttributeError to me - 
> anchor is a *list* of anchors. Try
> anchor[0].findNext('code') 
> 
> Kent 
> 

With 'fetch' you get a list of Tag objects, so there is that using: 

anchor = soup.fetch('a', {'href': '/wiki/List_of_country_calling_codes'})
anchor[0].findNext('code') 

But with 'findChild' or 'first' you get only the first Tag that matches, so: 

anchor = soup.findChild('a', {'href': 
'/wiki/List_of_country_calling_codes'})
anchor.findNext('code') 

Thanks for your help, Kent
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Re: [Tutor] Object Oriented Programmin