Re: [Tutor] Sigh first real python task
On Wed, Sep 12, 2012 at 11:06 PM, Mike S mikeofm...@gmail.com wrote: try: ret = subprocess.call(smbclient //reportingmachine/Dashboard/; put %s\ -U Username%Password % (fileName), shell=True) if ret 0: print sys.stderr, Child was terminated by signal, -ret else: os.unlink(path+fileName) except OSError, e: print sys.stderr, Execution failed:, e I don't see a need to run this through the shell. I'd just use a list of arguments. Do you only want to delete the file if smbclient is killed by a signal? What if it fails for some other reason with a return code of 1? In the example below I assume the file is removed only if the put command succeeds. From what I gather using man smbclient, the basic template here is the following: smbclient servicename password -U username -c put filename The code below uses subprocess.check_call, which raises a CalledProcessError if the return code is non-zero. The variables username, password, filename, and path are strings. import sys import os from subprocess import check_call, CalledProcessError servicename = //reportingmachine/Dashboard/ try: check_call([smbclient, servicename, password, -U, username, -c, put %s % filename]) os.unlink(os.path.join(path, filename)) except CalledProcessError as e: print sys.stderr, call failed:, e except OSError as e: print sys.stderr, unlink failed:, e ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Print List
On 13/09/12 00:36, aklei...@sonic.net wrote: To make it even more generic I would suggest replacing print(theHeader) with if theHeader: print(theHeader) to avoid a blank line if you don't need/want a header line. Good catch, yes, that would be better. -- Alan G Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Sigh first real python task
On 13/09/12 04:06, Mike S wrote: ret = subprocess.call(smbclient //metricsmachine/reports/; put %s\ -U metrics%% % (fileName), shell=True) Isn't there a mismatched quote in there? -- Alan G Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Musical note on python
I want to thank all of you who have come forward to help me. -- regards, Sarma. On Thu, Sep 13, 2012 at 10:46 AM, D.V.N.Sarma డి.వి.ఎన్.శర్మ dvnsa...@gmail.com wrote: Yes. As far as I can see it does not contain any thing which concerns the volume of sound. -- regards, Sarma. On Thu, Sep 13, 2012 at 5:42 AM, Mark Lawrence breamore...@yahoo.co.ukwrote: On 13/09/2012 00:57, D.V.N.Sarma డి.వి.ఎన్.శర్మ wrote: The Beep attribute of winsound module is useful. But the volume is feeble. Is there anyway to control the loudness. Have you read http://docs.python.org/**library/winsound.htmlhttp://docs.python.org/library/winsound.html? -- Cheers. Mark Lawrence. __**_ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/**mailman/listinfo/tutorhttp://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] simon game issues
Hi guys. my Python tutorial set me a task to recreate a simon game using livewires. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agUABjGAJww this is quite long, i understand if you can't help right away summary: i create 4 squared shaped objects(red, blue, green, yellow) as instances for a class derived from the Sprite class i create 4 animation objects to represent the 4 colour shaped objects. the animations get brighter in colour so the user can understand which colour he has to follow the animations also light up when the user presses the keyboard key they are assigned too. they are instances for a class derived from the Animation class. i have also included 4 sound files, assigned to 1 animation object to be played each time that animation lights up My problems: everytime i want to play a sequence for the user to follow. i run into this problem. i create 1 animation say red, so the user can see the 1st colour he has to follow. then i put a timed delay time.sleep(1) before i display the next animation, say blue. i have tried many other timing methods to achieve this, but once there is some sort of timer, the whole screen pauses for the duration of the timed delay (but the sound files play simultaneously during that freeze) then after that, the sequence is displayed at the same time. not 1 after the other. so even though i put the timer after the creation of the 1st animation, the timer for some reason happens before it. is there a way i can get around this? I also start the game/program by displaying the 4 square objects (Sprite Class) before adding their animation. after the creation of the sprites i play the animation sequence. The problem is they play as soon as the game starts before the Sprites are even displayed, and also simultaneously (not in a sequnce) making it confusng. so after creating the sprites, i added a timer so the animations happens after the sprites are shown. But again because of this timer, which is meant to occur after the creation of the sprites, when i start the game, i get a blank screen for the duration of the timer((but the sound files, again play simultaneously during that time). After that i still don't get the sprites, i get their animatons instead, then finally the sprites are displayed. i dont understand, the Sprites are meant to be the 1st things on the screen, is there a solution? Getting user input: the last problem i have is when the user presses a key to select a colour. i have the script check for the key press, then return the colour to a function/method called def result(self, color): that determines if he got the right colour. if he does i increase score by 1. to check results i create 2 lists. one with all 4 colours: self.animation = [Pressed.dict_red, Pressed.dict_blue, Pressed.dict_green, Pressed.dict_yellow] then i create an empty list to append the sequence in the order i randomly played them, so i can check if the user got each colour: self.get_animation = [] they append from the 1st list above and my result function uses it to check colours here's how it goes. if keyboard for colour red is pressed: create red animation: send results back to result method: self.game.result(red) my result method and its class: self.stage = 3 ..#say if we were on stage 3. i would play 3 colours. stage 4 would be 4 colours self.counter = -1 .#to correctly index list def result(self, COLOUR): self.counter += 1#count is now at 0 self.end_testing = self.stage..#this will count down from the stages value. once it reaches 0, there is no more colours to check for if COLOUR in self.get_animation[self.counter]: self.score.value += 1 self.end_testing -= 1 even though i am using a counter here to count down: self.end_testing i have used while and for loops also. My problem is none of these work because a keypress from the user, even if tapped, registers as multiple key presses, the self.score that i increment by 1 flies to about 40 from 1 key press. as a result my counter i use to index the list is way out of range. i tried to add a time.sleep(.03) as soon as a key is pressed, so it would register once. it managed to limit it to 4 presses, so self.score would equal 4 after 1 press, 8 after 2.. in that i started my counter at -4. then the code self.counter /= 4 would give me 0. after the next 4 presses, my counter would be at 4, the same code self.counter /= 4 would give me 1. after the next 4 presses, my counter would be at 8, the same code self.counter /= 4 would give me 2. this successfully fixed my indexing issue, but it needs A LOT of if statements and it is getting to confusing. isnt there a way to make 1 key press mean 1? and not 40? other wise how can i keep track of the score. any help? do i quit this exercise and blame it on the program just not following my instructions? ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
Re: [Tutor] Musical note on python
On 13/09/2012 13:29, D.V.N.Sarma డి.వి.ఎన్.శర్మ wrote: I want to thank all of you who have come forward to help me. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor No problem :) If you have found a solution could you please publish it here for the benefit of others, or at least provide a link. -- Cheers. Mark Lawrence. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Musical note on python
As far as programming volume is concerned winsound.Beep has only frequency and duration. pyaudio module appears to have provision for volume control. Please refer to eryksun's post. -- regards, Sarma. On Thu, Sep 13, 2012 at 8:42 PM, Mark Lawrence breamore...@yahoo.co.ukwrote: On 13/09/2012 13:29, D.V.N.Sarma డి.వి.ఎన్.శర్మ wrote: I want to thank all of you who have come forward to help me. __**_ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/**mailman/listinfo/tutorhttp://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor No problem :) If you have found a solution could you please publish it here for the benefit of others, or at least provide a link. -- Cheers. Mark Lawrence. __**_ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/**mailman/listinfo/tutorhttp://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- regards, Sarma. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
[Tutor] Does anyone use UML?
List, Does anyone use UML (Unified Modeling Language) with python? If so, what tools do you use? Is it worth the added effort? -Modulok- ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Musical note on python
On Thu, Sep 13, 2012 at 11:48 AM, D.V.N.Sarma డి.వి.ఎన్.శర్మ
dvnsa...@gmail.com wrote:
As far as programming volume is concerned winsound.Beep has only frequency
and duration. pyaudio module appears to have provision for volume control.
You should be able to add a wave header to a raw byte string. For example:
import wave
import winsound
from cStringIO import StringIO
def get_wave(data):
f = StringIO()
w = wave.open(f, 'w')
w.setnchannels(1) # mono
w.setsampwidth(2) # 2 bytes
w.setframerate(48000) # samples/second
w.writeframes(data)
return f.getvalue()
Then play the sound like this (_untested_):
wave_data = get_wave(data)
windsound.PlaySound(wave_data, winsound.SND_MEMORY)
I've modified my previous script to add simple polyphonic sound. I
included a basic square wave and a sawtooth wave, plus a random
polyphonic wave. It's the kind of sound you might hear in a cheesy
greeting card. Also, since you're looking to use winsound.PlaySound(),
I changed the byte packing to use a little endian signed short
(int16). I think that's what Windows wave files use.
My demo below still uses pyaudio, which wraps the cross-platform
PortAudio library. To me it seems like a better solution than relying
on the standard library (e.g. the standard lib uses OSS on Linux; I
don't even have that installed).
Hopefully it performs OK on your computer. Using NumPy arrays would
speed up the number crunching.
import pyaudio
from math import sin, pi
from struct import pack
from random import sample, randrange
def polywave(freqs, amps, f0, fs):
create a polyphonic waveform
freqs: sequence of frequencies (Hz)
amps: sequence of amplitudes
f0: fundamental frequency (Hz)
fs: samples/second
output is normalized to the range [-1,1].
N = int(fs / f0)
rad_step = 2 * pi / fs # radians / (Hz * sample)
wave = [0.0] * N
for f, a in zip(freqs, amps):
for n in xrange(N):
wave[n] += a * sin(rad_step * f * n)
maxamp = abs(max(wave, key=lambda x: abs(x)))
return [samp / maxamp for samp in wave]
def packwave(wave, vol=1, duration=None, fs=None):
pack a waveform as bytes (int16)
wave: sample sequence, |mag| = 1
vol: optional volume scale, |mag| = 1
duration: optional loop time (seconds)
fs: samples/second
fs is required to set duration.
scale = min(vol * 32767, 32767)
ncycles = 1
if not (duration is None or fs is None):
ncycles = int(round(1.0 * duration * fs / len(wave)))
data = b''.join(pack('h', scale * samp) for samp in wave)
return data * ncycles
def make_square(num, f0, fs):
generate square wave components
num: number of harmonics
f0: funamental frequency (Hz)
fs: samples/second
fs/2 is the upper bound.
stop = min(2*num, int(fs / (2 * f0)))
freqs = [n * f0 for n in xrange(1, stop, 2)]
amps = [1.0 / n for n in xrange(1, stop, 2)]
return freqs, amps
def make_saw(num, f0, fs):
generate sawtooth wave components
num: number of harmonics
f0: funamental frequency (Hz)
fs: samples/second
fs/2 is the upper bound.
stop = min(num + 1, int(fs / (2 * f0)))
freqs = [n * f0 for n in xrange(1, stop)]
amps = [(-1.0) ** (n + 1) / n for n in xrange(1, stop)]
return freqs, amps
def make_rand(num, f0, fs):
generate wave with random harmonics/amplitudes
ftop = min(fs // 2, 12000)
nmax = int(ftop / f0)
num = min(num, nmax)
freqs = [n * f0 for n in sample(xrange(1, nmax+1), num)]
amps = [randrange(32768)/32767.0 for n in xrange(num)]
return freqs, amps
def play(data, stream):
chunks = (data[i:i+1024] for i in xrange(0, len(data), 1024))
for chunk in chunks:
stream.write(chunk)
if __name__ == __main__:
from time import sleep
fs = 48000
p = pyaudio.PyAudio()
stream = p.open(
format=pyaudio.paInt16,
channels=1,
rate=fs,
frames_per_buffer=fs//4,
output=True)
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
# Equal_temperament#Calculating_absolute_frequencies
note = lambda n: 440 * (2**(1/12.)) ** (-21 + n)
scale = [note(n) for n in range(12)]
rscale = [note(13-n) for n in range(12)]
vols = [0.2 + 0.05*n for n in range(len(scale))]
rvols = list(reversed(vols))
def play_scale(scale, vols, wave_func, master_vol=1):
duration = 0.5
nharmonics = 30
for f0, vol in zip(scale, vols):
freqs, amps = wave_func(nharmonics, f0, fs)
wave =
[Tutor] index of elements in numpy array
Friends, I have a 2D matrix (a numpy array) and i am looping over each row in the matrix. I would like to know how i can find the index of each element in a while looping a row. Is there any function in numpy. Thanks -- C. Balasubramanian ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] index of elements in numpy array
On 13 September 2012 21:16, Bala subramanian bala.biophys...@gmail.comwrote: Friends, I have a 2D matrix (a numpy array) and i am looping over each row in the matrix. I would like to know how i can find the index of each element in a while looping a row. Is there any function in numpy. Your question could mean several things. Could you post a small piece of example code and clarify what it is you're unable to do? Here's an example that loops over all elements of a 2D Matrix: import numpy M = numpy.array([[1, 1], [2, 3], [5, 8]]) M array([[1, 1], [2, 3], [5, 8]]) numrows, numcols = M.shape for i in range(numrows): ... for j in range(numcols): ... print M[i, j] ... 1 1 2 3 5 8 Oscar ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Does anyone use UML?
On 13/09/12 18:23, Modulok wrote: Does anyone use UML (Unified Modeling Language) with python? If so, what tools do you use? Is it worth the added effort? I use UML with most things and even in situations where I'm not writing code or developing software. It is a good general purpose modelling notation for understanding co0mplex problems. And the last phrase is key. If the problem isn't complex you don't really need UML. If you can hold the concept in your head or explain it with text/pseudo code you don;t need UML. If you have a dozen or more classes all interacting and multi-level state machines and dozens of different user roles interacting or a 6 or 7 level deep inheritance lattice or a multi site distributed system then UML is invaluable. If you have less than 4 classes and only one level of inheritance then you probably don't need it. In between its a matter of taste and situation. As for tools I've used everything from Visio/Dia through to IBM RSA and Borland Together, and of course whiteboards! The fact its Python makes no difference at all, what matters is how complex is the problem? How many people need to share the understanding? Do you even understand it? If you don't understand what you are being asked to solve(*) then UML is possibly essential since it gives you the analytical tools needed to break the complexity into something you can get your head around and the notation to record the result. (*)The vast majority of the projects I work on start out with something I don't even begin to comprehendIt often takes 3-6 months of analysis before I'm even at the stage of starting a design. -- Alan G Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] simon game issues
On 09/13/2012 10:07 AM, Matthew Ngaha wrote: Hi guys. my Python tutorial set me a task to recreate a simon game using livewires. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agUABjGAJww this is quite long, i understand if you can't help right away summary: i create 4 squared shaped objects(red, blue, green, yellow) as instances for a class derived from the Sprite class i create 4 animation objects to represent the 4 colour shaped objects. the animations get brighter in colour so the user can understand which colour he has to follow the animations also light up when the user presses the keyboard key they are assigned too. they are instances for a class derived from the Animation class. i have also included 4 sound files, assigned to 1 animation object to be played each time that animation lights up My problems: everytime i want to play a sequence for the user to follow. i run into this problem. i create 1 animation say red, so the user can see the 1st colour he has to follow. then i put a timed delay time.sleep(1) before i display the next animation, say blue. i have tried many other timing methods to achieve this, but once there is some sort of timer, the whole screen pauses for the duration of the timed delay (but the sound files play simultaneously during that freeze) then after that, the sequence is displayed at the same time. not 1 after the other. so even though i put the timer after the creation of the 1st animation, the timer for some reason happens before it. is there a way i can get around this? I also start the game/program by displaying the 4 square objects (Sprite Class) before adding their animation. after the creation of the sprites i play the animation sequence. The problem is they play as soon as the game starts before the Sprites are even displayed, and also simultaneously (not in a sequnce) making it confusng. so after creating the sprites, i added a timer so the animations happens after the sprites are shown. But again because of this timer, which is meant to occur after the creation of the sprites, when i start the game, i get a blank screen for the duration of the timer((but the sound files, again play simultaneously during that time). After that i still don't get the sprites, i get their animatons instead, then finally the sprites are displayed. i dont understand, the Sprites are meant to be the 1st things on the screen, is there a solution? Getting user input: the last problem i have is when the user presses a key to select a colour. i have the script check for the key press, then return the colour to a function/method called def result(self, color): that determines if he got the right colour. if he does i increase score by 1. to check results i create 2 lists. one with all 4 colours: self.animation = [Pressed.dict_red, Pressed.dict_blue, Pressed.dict_green, Pressed.dict_yellow] then i create an empty list to append the sequence in the order i randomly played them, so i can check if the user got each colour: self.get_animation = [] they append from the 1st list above and my result function uses it to check colours here's how it goes. if keyboard for colour red is pressed: create red animation: send results back to result method: self.game.result(red) my result method and its class: self.stage = 3 ..#say if we were on stage 3. i would play 3 colours. stage 4 would be 4 colours self.counter = -1 .#to correctly index list def result(self, COLOUR): self.counter += 1#count is now at 0 self.end_testing = self.stage..#this will count down from the stages value. once it reaches 0, there is no more colours to check for if COLOUR in self.get_animation[self.counter]: self.score.value += 1 self.end_testing -= 1 even though i am using a counter here to count down: self.end_testing i have used while and for loops also. My problem is none of these work because a keypress from the user, even if tapped, registers as multiple key presses, the self.score that i increment by 1 flies to about 40 from 1 key press. as a result my counter i use to index the list is way out of range. i tried to add a time.sleep(.03) as soon as a key is pressed, so it would register once. it managed to limit it to 4 presses, so self.score would equal 4 after 1 press, 8 after 2.. in that i started my counter at -4. then the code self.counter /= 4 would give me 0. after the next 4 presses, my counter would be at 4, the same code self.counter /= 4 would give me 1. after the next 4 presses, my counter would be at 8, the same code self.counter /= 4 would give me 2. this successfully fixed my indexing issue, but it needs A LOT of if statements and it is getting to confusing. isnt there a way to make 1 key press mean 1? and not 40? other wise how can i keep track of the score. any help? do i quit this exercise and blame it on the program just not following my instructions? It would appear
Re: [Tutor] index of elements in numpy array
On 13 September 2012 21:16, Bala subramanian bala.biophys...@gmail.comwrote: Friends, I have a 2D matrix (a numpy array) and i am looping over each row in the matrix. I would like to know how i can find the index of each element in a while looping a row. Is there any function in numpy. Your question could mean several things. Could you post a small piece of example code and clarify what it is you're unable to do? Here's an example that loops over all elements of a 2D Matrix: import numpy M = numpy.array([[1, 1], [2, 3], [5, 8]]) M array([[1, 1], [2, 3], [5, 8]]) numrows, numcols = M.shape for i in range(numrows): ... for j in range(numcols): ... print M[i, j] ... 1 1 2 3 5 8 Oscar I think what he wants is to replace your print statement with if some condition: print Indeces are %d and %d.%(i, j, ) ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] index of elements in numpy array
On 09/13/2012 04:16 PM, Bala subramanian wrote: Friends, I have a 2D matrix (a numpy array) and i am looping over each row in the matrix. I would like to know how i can find the index of each element in a while looping a row. Is there any function in numpy. Thanks Perhaps you're asking a more general question. When iterating over a collection, sometimes you not only want the object, but you also want the index you might have used to fetch it. for row in rows: dosomething with row for index, row in enumerate(rows): dosomething with row and with index Now if rows be a list, or whatever numpy decides to call it, then you can manipulate the particular one with rows[index]. -- DaveA ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Musical note on python
Error: name data undefined On Fri, Sep 14, 2012 at 12:33 AM, eryksun eryk...@gmail.com wrote: On Thu, Sep 13, 2012 at 11:48 AM, D.V.N.Sarma డి.వి.ఎన్.శర్మ dvnsa...@gmail.com wrote: As far as programming volume is concerned winsound.Beep has only frequency and duration. pyaudio module appears to have provision for volume control. You should be able to add a wave header to a raw byte string. For example: import wave import winsound from cStringIO import StringIO def get_wave(data): f = StringIO() w = wave.open(f, 'w') w.setnchannels(1) # mono w.setsampwidth(2) # 2 bytes w.setframerate(48000) # samples/second w.writeframes(data) return f.getvalue() Then play the sound like this (_untested_): wave_data = get_wave(data) windsound.PlaySound(wave_data, winsound.SND_MEMORY) -- regards, Sarma. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Musical note on python
This worked on my computor. Thank you. It will take me sometime to
digest the program.
--
regards,
Sarma.
On Fri, Sep 14, 2012 at 12:33 AM, eryksun eryk...@gmail.com wrote:
I've modified my previous script to add simple polyphonic sound. I
included a basic square wave and a sawtooth wave, plus a random
polyphonic wave. It's the kind of sound you might hear in a cheesy
greeting card. Also, since you're looking to use winsound.PlaySound(),
I changed the byte packing to use a little endian signed short
(int16). I think that's what Windows wave files use.
My demo below still uses pyaudio, which wraps the cross-platform
PortAudio library. To me it seems like a better solution than relying
on the standard library (e.g. the standard lib uses OSS on Linux; I
don't even have that installed).
Hopefully it performs OK on your computer. Using NumPy arrays would
speed up the number crunching.
import pyaudio
from math import sin, pi
from struct import pack
from random import sample, randrange
def polywave(freqs, amps, f0, fs):
create a polyphonic waveform
freqs: sequence of frequencies (Hz)
amps: sequence of amplitudes
f0: fundamental frequency (Hz)
fs: samples/second
output is normalized to the range [-1,1].
N = int(fs / f0)
rad_step = 2 * pi / fs # radians / (Hz * sample)
wave = [0.0] * N
for f, a in zip(freqs, amps):
for n in xrange(N):
wave[n] += a * sin(rad_step * f * n)
maxamp = abs(max(wave, key=lambda x: abs(x)))
return [samp / maxamp for samp in wave]
def packwave(wave, vol=1, duration=None, fs=None):
pack a waveform as bytes (int16)
wave: sample sequence, |mag| = 1
vol: optional volume scale, |mag| = 1
duration: optional loop time (seconds)
fs: samples/second
fs is required to set duration.
scale = min(vol * 32767, 32767)
ncycles = 1
if not (duration is None or fs is None):
ncycles = int(round(1.0 * duration * fs / len(wave)))
data = b''.join(pack('h', scale * samp) for samp in wave)
return data * ncycles
def make_square(num, f0, fs):
generate square wave components
num: number of harmonics
f0: funamental frequency (Hz)
fs: samples/second
fs/2 is the upper bound.
stop = min(2*num, int(fs / (2 * f0)))
freqs = [n * f0 for n in xrange(1, stop, 2)]
amps = [1.0 / n for n in xrange(1, stop, 2)]
return freqs, amps
def make_saw(num, f0, fs):
generate sawtooth wave components
num: number of harmonics
f0: funamental frequency (Hz)
fs: samples/second
fs/2 is the upper bound.
stop = min(num + 1, int(fs / (2 * f0)))
freqs = [n * f0 for n in xrange(1, stop)]
amps = [(-1.0) ** (n + 1) / n for n in xrange(1, stop)]
return freqs, amps
def make_rand(num, f0, fs):
generate wave with random harmonics/amplitudes
ftop = min(fs // 2, 12000)
nmax = int(ftop / f0)
num = min(num, nmax)
freqs = [n * f0 for n in sample(xrange(1, nmax+1), num)]
amps = [randrange(32768)/32767.0 for n in xrange(num)]
return freqs, amps
def play(data, stream):
chunks = (data[i:i+1024] for i in xrange(0, len(data), 1024))
for chunk in chunks:
stream.write(chunk)
if __name__ == __main__:
from time import sleep
fs = 48000
p = pyaudio.PyAudio()
stream = p.open(
format=pyaudio.paInt16,
channels=1,
rate=fs,
frames_per_buffer=fs//4,
output=True)
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
# Equal_temperament#Calculating_absolute_frequencies
note = lambda n: 440 * (2**(1/12.)) ** (-21 + n)
scale = [note(n) for n in range(12)]
rscale = [note(13-n) for n in range(12)]
vols = [0.2 + 0.05*n for n in range(len(scale))]
rvols = list(reversed(vols))
def play_scale(scale, vols, wave_func, master_vol=1):
duration = 0.5
nharmonics = 30
for f0, vol in zip(scale, vols):
freqs, amps = wave_func(nharmonics, f0, fs)
wave = polywave(freqs, amps, f0, fs)
data = packwave(wave, master_vol * vol, duration, fs)
play(data, stream)
sleep(0.5)
play_scale(scale, vols, make_square, 0.5)
play_scale(rscale, rvols, make_saw, 0.5)
play_scale(scale, vols, make_rand, 0.75)
play_scale(rscale, rvols, make_rand, 0.75)
stream.close()
p.terminate()
___
Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org
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