Re: [Tutor] library terminology and importing
Good morning,
I'm inverting the order of your questions, because I think the order of the
answers may help.
>But if I import all of os and datetime, I can use those functions by
>writing the full 'path' 3 levels deep:
>
>os.path.expanduser('~')
>datetime.datetime.now()
[... hold onto your hat, we'll get to datetime.datetime ...]
>from os.path import join,expanduser
>
>Also, is there proper terminology for each of the 3 sections of
>os.path.expanduser('~') for example? Such as
Yes, there most certainly is; it's good that you are asking. See below.
>os - library (or module?)
>path - ?
>expanduser - function
Here's how you could figure out what they are called. Use 'type' to figure
it out:
>>> import os
>>> type(os)
>>> type(os.path)
>>> type(os.path.expanduser)
Observe that the type of os.path.expanduser is function.
It is for this reason that you can importi (and use) the expanduser
function by itself. It can stand alone:
>>> from os.path import expanduser
>>> type(expanduser)
Side note, for diagnostics, 'type' can be handy, also, for things
like:
>>> type('word')
>>> type(7)
>I often use now() and strftime() from datetime, but it seems like I can't
>import just those functions. The os module allows me to import like this:
Ok, so back to datetime...
>>> type(datetime)
This should not surpise you. So, datetime is a module. Good.
>>> type(datetime.datetime)
Oh-ho! What is this one? It's called 'type'? Well, it's a Python
class. You can see it in the source code, if you look for the class
definition of 'datetime' in the module 'datetime'. I find mine in
/usr/lib64/python3.4/datetime.py around line 1290ff. Look for this:
class datetime(date):
"""datetime(year, month, day[, hour[, minute[, second[,
microsecond[,tzinfo])
Why am I pointing you to this? Well, in particular, you should see the
following a few lines later (lines 1394 ff in my copy):
@classmethod
def now(cls, tz=None):
"Construct a datetime from time.time() and optional time zone info."
t = _time.time()
return cls.fromtimestamp(t, tz)
If you wish, you can go look up the decorator @classmethod and what
it does, but the main point I'm making here is that this is not a
function! It cannot be separated from the datetime class. It is
(in this case) an alternate constructor for a datetime object. And,
'type' will tell you so:
>>> type(datetime.datetime.now)
So, even though the name is available to you and callable, when you
import the module datetime, you can't separate the classmethod
called 'now()' from the datetime.datetime class.
>but I get an error if I try
>
>from datetime.datetime import now, strftime
If you are mostly interested in shortening your import statement, I have seen
people use this sort of technique:
>>> from datetime import datetime as dt
>>> now = dt.now()
>>> now.strftime('%F-%T')
'2016-02-21-18:30:37'
Good luck and enjoy,
-Martin
--
Martin A. Brown
http://linux-ip.net/
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Re: [Tutor] library terminology and importing
street.swee...@mailworks.org writes:
> I get an error if I try
>
> from datetime.datetime import now, strftime
‘datetime.datetime’ is not a module, so you can not import objects from
it.
> But if I import all of os and datetime, I can use those functions by
> writing the full 'path' 3 levels deep:
>
> os.path.expanduser('~')
> datetime.datetime.now()
Yes. That's a good way to do it, because it makes your code explicit and
clear to read.
> Is there a way to import individual functions from datetime.datetime?
Don't try to do that. Namespaces are a honking good idea in Python, you
should not seek to avoid them.
--
\ “I may disagree with what you say, but I will defend to the |
`\death your right to mis-attribute this quote to Voltaire.” |
_o__) —Avram Grumer, rec.arts.sf.written, 2000-05-30 |
Ben Finney
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Re: [Tutor] Library for .ppt to .txt conversion
The only thing i want from the ppt's is text and ignoring all graphical representations. I need the text to perform various nltk operations. On Fri, May 30, 2014 at 11:54 PM, Alan Gauld alan.ga...@btinternet.com wrote: On 30/05/14 10:41, Aaron Misquith wrote: Like pypdf is used to convert pdf to text; is there any library that is used in converting .ppt files to .txt? Even some sample programs will be helpful. Bearing in mind that Powerpoint is intended for graphical presentations the text elements are not necessarily going to be useful. Often Powerpoint text is actually part of a graphic anyway. If the Powerpoint is just a set of bullet points (shame on the presenter!) you probably don't want the text unless you can also get the notes. I don't know of any libraries that can do that. But one option is that Open/Libre office can import Powerpoint and apparently has a Python API which you could use to drive an export from there. Just a thought... -- Alan G Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/alangauldphotos ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Library for .ppt to .txt conversion
Aaron Misquith aaronmisqu...@gmail.com Wrote in message: The only thing i want from the ppt's is text and ignoring all graphical representations. I need the text to perform various nltk operations. On Fri, May 30, 2014 at 11:54 PM, Alan Gauld alan.ga...@btinternet.com wrote: Bearing in mind that Powerpoint is intended for graphical presentations the text elements are not necessarily going to be useful. Often Powerpoint text is actually part of a graphic anyway. 1. please don't top-post. Place your comments after the quoted text from the previous message. Please tell your mail program to use text, not html when posting here. 2. Alan has pointed out that there may not be any text in the ppt file, but just image data that represents the text. Similar to the way a scanned piece of paper has no text till you try to ocr it. -- DaveA ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Library for .ppt to .txt conversion
On Fri, May 30, 2014 at 2:41 AM, Aaron Misquith aaronmisqu...@gmail.com wrote: Like pypdf is used to convert pdf to text; is there any library that is used in converting .ppt files to .txt? Even some sample programs will be helpful. I suspect you'd need to use PowerPoint itself to do that cleanly; you can definitely drive PowerPoint from Python if you so desire, though: http://www.s-anand.net/blog/automating-powerpoint-with-python/ If anybody's written a package to brute-force the text out of a .ppt file without using PowerPoint, though, I'm unaware of it. That way lies madness, I suspect. (The new MS Office formats - .docx, .xlsx, .pptx - are XML files inside of a renamed ZIP container; it should be fairly easy to get the text out of a .pptx file using any one of Python's XML libraries. But the older format is proprietary and extremely scary.) ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Library for .ppt to .txt conversion
On 30/05/14 10:41, Aaron Misquith wrote: Like pypdf is used to convert pdf to text; is there any library that is used in converting .ppt files to .txt? Even some sample programs will be helpful. Bearing in mind that Powerpoint is intended for graphical presentations the text elements are not necessarily going to be useful. Often Powerpoint text is actually part of a graphic anyway. If the Powerpoint is just a set of bullet points (shame on the presenter!) you probably don't want the text unless you can also get the notes. I don't know of any libraries that can do that. But one option is that Open/Libre office can import Powerpoint and apparently has a Python API which you could use to drive an export from there. Just a thought... -- Alan G Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/alangauldphotos ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] library:
On Tue, Aug 20, 2013 at 10:00:24PM -0500, William Crowder wrote: I am reading posts and watching videos. I am following along with the shell, i am retaining the info. But WHAT is a library? In English, a library is a collection of books, or magazines. A software library is a collection of programs or functions, instead of books. Sometimes it will be one file, with many functions. Sometimes it will be many files. In Python: import math will load the math library, so you can use functions like math.sin, math.sqrt, and others. Does this answer your question? If you need more help, please ask. -- Steven ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] library:
On Wed, Aug 21, 2013 at 4:29 AM, Steven D'Aprano st...@pearwood.info wrote: On Tue, Aug 20, 2013 at 10:00:24PM -0500, William Crowder wrote: I am reading posts and watching videos. I am following along with the shell, i am retaining the info. But WHAT is a library? In python libraries are called modules I believe. So you may see either term, and unless someone here corrects me, they are the same. In English, a library is a collection of books, or magazines. A software library is a collection of programs or functions, instead of books. Sometimes it will be one file, with many functions. Sometimes it will be many files. In Python: import math will load the math library, so you can use functions like math.sin, math.sqrt, and others. Does this answer your question? If you need more help, please ask. -- Steven ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- Joel Goldstick http://joelgoldstick.com ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] library:
On 2013-08-21 13:31, Joel Goldstick wrote: In python libraries are called modules I believe. So you may see either term, and unless someone here corrects me, they are the same. They are often interchangeable, but they do not have to be the same (for example, it is perfectly imaginable that a library contains multiple modules), since library is an aesthetic constraint, but module isn't. pgpuc2BqPHS6p.pgp Description: PGP signature ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] library:
On 21/08/13 04:00, William Crowder wrote: I am reading posts and watching videos. I am following along with the shell, i am retaining the info. But WHAT is a library? It varies but in general programming terms is a collection of functions or classes that can be reused by programmers. Most languages have a standard library and a collection of additional proprietary libraries. Python's standard library consists of a set of modules, each of which exposes a set of functions or classes for performing related tasks. The documentation for Python's standard library (V2) can be found here: http://docs.python.org/2/py-modindex.html The documentation for GNU C++'s standard library is here: http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/libstdc++-api-4.6/modules.html And for Java it is here: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/ It's interesting to compare their breadth and nature. HTH -- Alan G Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] library:
On 2013-08-21 23:30, Alan Gauld wrote: It varies but in general programming terms is a collection of functions or classes that can be reused by programmers. Most languages have a standard library and a collection of additional proprietary libraries. Unless I'm misunderstanding, don't you mean third-party, not proprietary (or is this a use of proprietary that I am not familiar with)? pgp4tuwMQMHTp.pgp Description: PGP signature ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] library:
On 21/08/13 23:39, Chris Down wrote: On 2013-08-21 23:30, Alan Gauld wrote: It varies but in general programming terms is a collection of functions or classes that can be reused by programmers. Most languages have a standard library and a collection of additional proprietary libraries. Unless I'm misunderstanding, don't you mean third-party, not proprietary (or is this a use of proprietary that I am not familiar with)? My dictionary says: proprietary: protected by trademark or patent or copyright; made or produced or distributed by one having exclusive rights So I mean a third party library, one whose copyright is separate from the standard library. It could, of course, be copyright free or public domain too, so third party may be a more accurate term here. -- Alan G Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Library of Module for Analyzing Answer Cards
Remember to always reply-all so a copy goes to the list. On 3/24/2012 7:49 AM, Khalid Al-Ghamdi wrote: thanks a lot that was extremely helpful. On Fri, Mar 23, 2012 at 3:58 AM, bob gailer bgai...@gmail.com wrote: On 3/22/2012 2:45 PM, Khalid Al-Ghamdi wrote: Hi All, I work in in academic testing environment and we employ expensive machines to scan answer sheets (the ones where you blacken the letter of the correct multiple choice answer). Anyway, I was thinking if there was a way we could use regular old scanners to scan the sheets than analyze the images to score the tests. This is not a Python solution - but www.cardiff-teleform.com/ offers a product called Teleform that does exactly what you want. I used it a while ago for a project where we scanned over 100,000 copies of 4 different forms. Worked like a charm. -- Bob Gailer 919-636-4239 Chapel Hill NC -- Bob Gailer 919-636-4239 Chapel Hill NC ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Library of Module for Analyzing Answer Cards
On 3/22/2012 11:45 AM Khalid Al-Ghamdi said... Hi All, I work in in academic testing environment and we employ expensive machines to scan answer sheets (the ones where you blacken the letter of the correct multiple choice answer). Anyway, I was thinking if there was a way we could use regular old scanners to scan the sheets than analyze the images to score the tests. Do you know any modules or libraries in python that can be helpful in that? Also, what approach if any would you employ to tackle this project? For quick production deployment, I'd check out Bob's suggestion. If I were going to write a python based solution I'd start with PIL (see http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/) I haven't tried doing something quite as detailed as what you're describing, but I do have PIL doing image analysis, cropping and resizing on an automated basis in a production environment. I think I'd examine the scanned image for a location marker, then from that and an answer template that provides the answer box locations, locate the answer box area for each question in turn and identify the filled in multiple choice response. HTH, Emile ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Library of Module for Analyzing Answer Cards
On 3/22/2012 2:45 PM, Khalid Al-Ghamdi wrote: Hi All, I work in in academic testing environment and we employ expensive machines to scan answer sheets (the ones where you blacken the letter of the correct multiple choice answer). Anyway, I was thinking if there was a way we could use regular old scanners to scan the sheets than analyze the images to score the tests. This is not a Python solution - but www.cardiff-*teleform*.com/ offers a product called Teleform that does exactly what you want. I used it a while ago for a project where we scanned over 100,000 copies of 4 different forms. Worked like a charm. -- Bob Gailer 919-636-4239 Chapel Hill NC ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Library of Module for Analyzing Answer Cards better link
On 3/22/2012 2:45 PM, Khalid Al-Ghamdi wrote: Hi All, I work in in academic testing environment and we employ expensive machines to scan answer sheets (the ones where you blacken the letter of the correct multiple choice answer). Anyway, I was thinking if there was a way we could use regular old scanners to scan the sheets than analyze the images to score the tests. This is not a Python solution - but http://www.cardiff.com/products/teleform/index.html offers a product called Teleform that does exactly what you want. I used it a while ago for a project where we scanned over 100,000 copies of 4 different forms. Worked like a charm. -- Bob Gailer 919-636-4239 Chapel Hill NC ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org To unsubscribe or change subscription options: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] library for files information
Shining Wisdom shininggg2...@gmail.com wrote Hi, i want to write a script that copy file from a folder on my hdd to a usb thumb drive based on the time the file was created. Just need help to find which library to google... You don't need much. The os.path module will give you the creation time. The time module may be needed too if you want to format the time in your output.. For copying the files you can either use standard file operations or the shutil module. All of these are covered in my Using the OS topic in my tutorial -- Alan G Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] Library for Disk Usage (UNIX)
On Wednesday 26 March 2008 09:11, Tom Tucker wrote: Hello all. I'm looking for a builtin Python library capable of providing similar output to what the unix df command provides. Obviously, I'm trying to avoid a system call if possible. I'm looking for the following fields at a mimimum, total size, used, and /path. Suggestions? I was looking at os.stat(/path)[WXYZ}, and os.path.getsize, but they are lacking. Thanks for the help, Tom You need to know the size of the blocks that the filesystem uses. Use the statvfs module and the os.statvfs function. Cheers ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] library to create venn diagrams?
On 25/02/2008, Danny Navarro [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi all, Does anyone know a Python library to generate Venn diagrams with more than 3 datasets? The area of the datasets and the intersections should be proportional to the quantity of data. I don't ... ... also, how would you draw in two dimensions a Venn diagram of four mutually-intersecting sets? I can't see how it is possible in general.. -- John. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] library to create venn diagrams?
On Tue, 26 Feb 2008, John Fouhy wrote: On 25/02/2008, Danny Navarro [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi all, Does anyone know a Python library to generate Venn diagrams with more than 3 datasets? The area of the datasets and the intersections should be proportional to the quantity of data. I don't ... I don't either, but... ... also, how would you draw in two dimensions a Venn diagram of four mutually-intersecting sets? I can't see how it is possible in general.. Although with most Venn diagrams, the enclosing shapes are generally circles, they don't need to be the same shapes, and you can have Venn diagrams with more than three sets. Some examples here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venn_diagram Also, a Venn diagram technically is a subset of the more general Euler diagram. The Venn diagram illustrates regions for all possible combinations of intersections, e.g., for three sets ABC, A-only, B-only, C-only, A+B only, A+C only, B+C only and A+B+C. A Euler diagram can be used where, for example, A intersects B but not C. More info at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler_diagram I note the External Links section on the Venn diagram lists links to several tools to create Venn diagrams. I don't know if any of them are python, but if the OP is not limited to python-only solutions, they may help. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
Re: [Tutor] library to create venn diagrams?
Terry Carroll [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote Also, a Venn diagram technically is a subset of the more general Euler diagram. The Venn diagram illustrates regions for all possible combinations of intersections, e.g., for three sets ABC, A-only, B-only, C-only, A+B only, A+C only, B+C only and A+B+C. A Euler diagram can be used where, for example, A intersects B but not C. More info at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler_diagram Hmm, thats an interesting link. I studied math through to 5th year at university using sets all the way and never heard the term Euler diagram used, they were always just called Venn diagrams. You learn something new every day! :-) Alan G. ___ Tutor maillist - Tutor@python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
