The error in your log is:
Setting up shim-signed (1.28+0.9+1474479173.6c180c6-1ubuntu1) ...
Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
grub-install: error: cannot find EFI directory.
dpkg: error processing package shim-signed (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Who is /boot/efi not mounted on your system? The EFI System Partition
must be mounted for the bootloader to be upgraded.
** Changed in: shim-signed (Ubuntu)
Status: New => Incomplete
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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1695562
Title:
package shim-signed 1.28+0.9+1474479173.6c180c6-1ubuntu1 failed to
install/upgrade: subprocess installed post-installation script
returned error exit status 1
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