Re: Memory constrains running Flink on Kubernetes

[Yun Tang]

You are correct, the default value of write buffer size is 64 MB [1]. However, 
the java doc for this value is not correct [2]. Already created a PR to fix 
this.

[1] 
https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/blob/30edf1874c11762a6cacf4434112ce34d13100d3/include/rocksdb/options.h#L191
[2] 
https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/blob/30edf1874c11762a6cacf4434112ce34d13100d3/java/src/main/java/org/rocksdb/MutableColumnFamilyOptionsInterface.java#L24

Best
Yun Tang

From: wvl 
Sent: Monday, August 5, 2019 17:55
To: Yu Li 
Cc: Yun Tang ; Yang Wang ; Xintong 
Song ; user 
Subject: Re: Memory constrains running Flink on Kubernetes

Btw, with regard to:

> The default writer-buffer-number is 2 at most for each column family, and the 
> default write-buffer-memory size is 4MB.

This isn't what I see when looking at the OPTIONS-XX file in the rocksdb 
directories in state:

[CFOptions "xx"]
  ttl=0
  report_bg_io_stats=false
  
compaction_options_universal={allow_trivial_move=false;size_ratio=1;min_merge_width=2;max_size_amplification_percent=200;max_merge_width=4294967295;compression_size_percent=-1;stop_style=kCompactionStopStyleTotalSize;}
  table_factory=BlockBasedTable
  paranoid_file_checks=false
  compression_per_level=
  inplace_update_support=false
  soft_pending_compaction_bytes_limit=68719476736
  max_successive_merges=0
  max_write_buffer_number=2
  level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes=false
  max_bytes_for_level_base=268435456
  optimize_filters_for_hits=false
  force_consistency_checks=false
  disable_auto_compactions=false
  max_compaction_bytes=1677721600
  hard_pending_compaction_bytes_limit=274877906944
  
compaction_options_fifo={allow_compaction=false;max_table_files_size=1073741824;ttl=0;}
  max_bytes_for_level_multiplier=10.00
  level0_file_num_compaction_trigger=4
  level0_slowdown_writes_trigger=20
  compaction_pri=kByCompensatedSize
  compaction_filter=nullptr
  level0_stop_writes_trigger=36
  write_buffer_size=67108864
  min_write_buffer_number_to_merge=1
  num_levels=7
  target_file_size_multiplier=1
  arena_block_size=8388608
  memtable_huge_page_size=0
  bloom_locality=0
  inplace_update_num_locks=1
  memtable_prefix_bloom_size_ratio=0.00
  max_sequential_skip_in_iterations=8
  max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional=1:1:1:1:1:1:1
  compression=kSnappyCompression
  max_write_buffer_number_to_maintain=0
  bottommost_compression=kDisableCompressionOption
  comparator=leveldb.BytewiseComparator
  prefix_extractor=nullptr
  target_file_size_base=67108864
  merge_operator=StringAppendTESTOperator
  memtable_insert_with_hint_prefix_extractor=nullptr
  memtable_factory=SkipListFactory
  compaction_filter_factory=nullptr
  compaction_style=kCompactionStyleLevel

Are these options somehow not applied or overridden?

On Mon, Jul 29, 2019 at 4:42 PM wvl mailto:lee...@gmail.com>> 
wrote:
Excellent. Thanks for all the answers so far.

So there was another issue I mentioned which we made some progress gaining 
insight into, namely our metaspace growth when faced with job restarts.

We can easily hit 1Gb metaspace usage within 15 minutes if we restart often.
We attempted to troubleshoot this issue by looking at all the classes in 
metaspace using `jcmd  GC.class_stats`.

Here we observed that after every job restart another entry is created for 
every class in our job. Where the old classes have InstBytes=0. So far so good, 
but moving to the Total column for these entries show that memory is still 
being used.
Also, adding up all entries in the Total column indeed corresponds to our 
metaspace usage. So far we could only conclude that our job classes - none of 
them - were being unloaded.

Then we stumbled upon this ticket. Now here are our results running the 
SocketWindowWordCount jar in a flink 1.8.0 cluster with one taskmanager.

We achieve a class count by doing a jcmd 3052 GC.class_stats | grep -i 
org.apache.flink.streaming.examples.windowing.SessionWindowing | wc -l

First run:
  Class Count: 1
  Metaspace: 30695K

After 800~ runs:
  Class Count: 802
  Metaspace: 39406K

Interesting when we looked a bit later the class count slowly went down, 
slowly, step by step, where just to be sure we used `jcmd  GC.run` to 
force GC every 30s or so. If I had to guess it took about 20 minutes to go from 
800~ to 170~, with metaspace dropping to 35358K. In a sense we've seen this 
behavior, but with much much larger increases in metaspace usage over far fewer 
job restarts.

I've added this information to 
https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FLINK-11205.

That said, I'd really like to confirm the following:
- classes should usually only appear once in GC.class_stats output
- flink / the jvm has very slow cleanup of the metaspace
- something clearly is leaking during restarts

On Mon, Jul 29, 2019 at 9:52 AM Yu Li 
mailto:car...@gmail.com>> wrote:
For the memory usage of RocksDB, there's already some discussion in 
FLINK-7289<

Re: Memory constrains running Flink on Kubernetes

[wvl]

r release (probably in release 1.10) and please watch the
>> release plan and/or the weekly community update [1] threads.
>>
>> [1] https://s.apache.org/ix7iv
>>
>> Best Regards,
>> Yu
>>
>>
>> On Thu, 25 Jul 2019 at 15:12, Yun Tang  wrote:
>>
>>> Hi
>>>
>>> It's definitely not easy to calculate the accurate memory usage of
>>> RocksDB, but formula of "block-cache-memory + column-family-number *
>>> write-buffer-memory * write-buffer-number + index memory"  should
>>> give enough sophisticated hints.
>>> When talking about the column-family-number, they are equals to the
>>> number of your states which are the declared state descriptors in one
>>> operator and potential one window state (if you're using window).
>>> The default writer-buffer-number is 2 at most for each column family,
>>> and the default write-buffer-memory size is 4MB. Pay attention that if you
>>> ever configure the options for RocksDB, these memory usage would differ
>>> from default values.
>>> The last part of index memory is not easy to estimate, but from
>>> my experience this part of memory would not occupy too much only if you
>>> have many open files.
>>>
>>> Last but not least, Flink would enable slot sharing by default, and even
>>> if you only one slot per taskmanager, there might exists many RocksDB
>>> within that TM due to many operator with keyed state running.
>>>
>>> Apart from the theoretical analysis, you'd better to open RocksDB native
>>> metrics or track the memory usage of pods through Prometheus with k8s.
>>>
>>> Best
>>> Yun Tang
>>> --
>>> *From:* wvl 
>>> *Sent:* Thursday, July 25, 2019 17:50
>>> *To:* Yang Wang 
>>> *Cc:* Yun Tang ; Xintong Song ;
>>> user 
>>> *Subject:* Re: Memory constrains running Flink on Kubernetes
>>>
>>> Thanks for all the answers so far.
>>>
>>> Especially clarifying was that RocksDB memory usage isn't accounted for
>>> in the flink memory metrics. It's clear that we need to experiment to
>>> understand it's memory usage and knowing that we should be looking at the
>>> container memory usage minus all the jvm managed memory, helps.
>>>
>>> In mean while, we've set MaxMetaspaceSize to 200M based on our metrics.
>>> Sadly the resulting OOM does not result a better behaved job, because it
>>> would seem that the (taskmanager) JVM itself is not restarted - which makes
>>> sense in a multijob environment.
>>> So we're looking into ways to simply prevent this metaspace growth (job
>>> library jars in /lib on TM).
>>>
>>> Going back to RocksDB, the given formula "block-cache-memory +
>>> column-family-number * write-buffer-memory * write-buffer-number +
>>> index memory." isn't completely clear to me.
>>>
>>> Block Cache: "Out of box, RocksDB will use LRU-based block cache
>>> implementation with 8MB capacity"
>>> Index & Filter Cache: "By default index and filter blocks are cached
>>> outside of block cache, and users won't be able to control how much memory
>>> should be use to cache these blocks, other than setting max_open_files.".
>>> The default settings doesn't set max_open_files and the rocksdb default
>>> seems to be 1000 (
>>> https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/blob/master/include/rocksdb/utilities/leveldb_options.h#L89)
>>> .. not completely sure about this.
>>> Write Buffer Memory: "The default is 64 MB. You need to budget for 2 x
>>> your worst case memory use."
>>>
>>> May I presume a unique ValueStateDescriptor equals a Column Family?
>>> If so, say I have 10 of those.
>>> 8MB + (10 * 64 * 2) + $Index
>>>
>>> So is that correct and how would one calculate $Index? The
>>> docs suggest a relationship between max_open_files (1000) and the amount
>>> index/filter of blocks that can be cached, but is this a 1 to 1
>>> relationship? Anyway, this concept of blocks is very unclear.
>>>
>>> > Have you ever set the memory limit of your taskmanager pod when
>>> launching it in k8s?
>>>
>>> Definitely. We settled on 8GB pods with taskmanager.heap.size: 5000m and
>>> 1 slot and were looking into downsizing a bit to improve our pod to VM
>>> ratio.
>>>
>>> On Wed, Jul 24, 2019 at 11:07 AM Yang Wang 
>>> wrote:
>>>
&g

Re: Memory constrains running Flink on Kubernetes

[wvl]

Excellent. Thanks for all the answers so far.

So there was another issue I mentioned which we made some progress gaining
insight into, namely our metaspace growth when faced with job restarts.

We can easily hit 1Gb metaspace usage within 15 minutes if we restart
often.
We attempted to troubleshoot this issue by looking at all the classes in
metaspace using `jcmd  GC.class_stats`.

Here we observed that after every job restart another entry is created for
every class in our job. Where the old classes have InstBytes=0. So far so
good, but moving to the Total column for these entries show that memory is
still being used.
Also, adding up all entries in the Total column indeed corresponds to our
metaspace usage. So far we could only conclude that our job classes - none
of them - were being unloaded.

Then we stumbled upon this ticket. Now here are our results running the
SocketWindowWordCount jar in a flink 1.8.0 cluster with one taskmanager.

We achieve a class count by doing a jcmd 3052 GC.class_stats | grep -i
org.apache.flink.streaming.examples.windowing.SessionWindowing | wc -l

*First* run:
  Class Count: 1
  Metaspace: 30695K

After *800*~ runs:
  Class Count: 802
  Metaspace: 39406K


Interesting when we looked a bit later the class count *slowly* went down,
slowly, step by step, where just to be sure we used `jcmd  GC.run` to
force GC every 30s or so. If I had to guess it took about 20 minutes to go
from 800~ to 170~, with metaspace dropping to 35358K. In a sense we've seen
this behavior, but with much much larger increases in metaspace usage over
far fewer job restarts.

I've added this information to
https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FLINK-11205.

That said, I'd really like to confirm the following:
- classes should usually only appear once in GC.class_stats output
- flink / the jvm has very slow cleanup of the metaspace
- something clearly is leaking during restarts

On Mon, Jul 29, 2019 at 9:52 AM Yu Li  wrote:

> For the memory usage of RocksDB, there's already some discussion in
> FLINK-7289 <https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FLINK-7289> and a good
> suggestion
> <https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FLINK-7289?focusedCommentId=16874305=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel#comment-16874305>
> from Mike to use the WriteBufferManager to limit the total memory usage,
> FYI.
>
> We will drive to make the memory management of state backends more "hands
> free" in latter release (probably in release 1.10) and please watch the
> release plan and/or the weekly community update [1] threads.
>
> [1] https://s.apache.org/ix7iv
>
> Best Regards,
> Yu
>
>
> On Thu, 25 Jul 2019 at 15:12, Yun Tang  wrote:
>
>> Hi
>>
>> It's definitely not easy to calculate the accurate memory usage of
>> RocksDB, but formula of "block-cache-memory + column-family-number *
>> write-buffer-memory * write-buffer-number + index memory"  should
>> give enough sophisticated hints.
>> When talking about the column-family-number, they are equals to the
>> number of your states which are the declared state descriptors in one
>> operator and potential one window state (if you're using window).
>> The default writer-buffer-number is 2 at most for each column family, and
>> the default write-buffer-memory size is 4MB. Pay attention that if you ever
>> configure the options for RocksDB, these memory usage would differ from
>> default values.
>> The last part of index memory is not easy to estimate, but from my
>> experience this part of memory would not occupy too much only if you have
>> many open files.
>>
>> Last but not least, Flink would enable slot sharing by default, and even
>> if you only one slot per taskmanager, there might exists many RocksDB
>> within that TM due to many operator with keyed state running.
>>
>> Apart from the theoretical analysis, you'd better to open RocksDB native
>> metrics or track the memory usage of pods through Prometheus with k8s.
>>
>> Best
>> Yun Tang
>> --
>> *From:* wvl 
>> *Sent:* Thursday, July 25, 2019 17:50
>> *To:* Yang Wang 
>> *Cc:* Yun Tang ; Xintong Song ;
>> user 
>> *Subject:* Re: Memory constrains running Flink on Kubernetes
>>
>> Thanks for all the answers so far.
>>
>> Especially clarifying was that RocksDB memory usage isn't accounted for
>> in the flink memory metrics. It's clear that we need to experiment to
>> understand it's memory usage and knowing that we should be looking at the
>> container memory usage minus all the jvm managed memory, helps.
>>
>> In mean while, we've set MaxMetaspaceSize to 200M based on our metrics.
>> Sadly the resulting OOM does not result 

Re: Memory constrains running Flink on Kubernetes

[Yu Li]

For the memory usage of RocksDB, there's already some discussion in
FLINK-7289 <https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FLINK-7289> and a good
suggestion
<https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FLINK-7289?focusedCommentId=16874305=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel#comment-16874305>
from Mike to use the WriteBufferManager to limit the total memory usage,
FYI.

We will drive to make the memory management of state backends more "hands
free" in latter release (probably in release 1.10) and please watch the
release plan and/or the weekly community update [1] threads.

[1] https://s.apache.org/ix7iv

Best Regards,
Yu


On Thu, 25 Jul 2019 at 15:12, Yun Tang  wrote:

> Hi
>
> It's definitely not easy to calculate the accurate memory usage of
> RocksDB, but formula of "block-cache-memory + column-family-number *
> write-buffer-memory * write-buffer-number + index memory"  should
> give enough sophisticated hints.
> When talking about the column-family-number, they are equals to the number
> of your states which are the declared state descriptors in one operator and
> potential one window state (if you're using window).
> The default writer-buffer-number is 2 at most for each column family, and
> the default write-buffer-memory size is 4MB. Pay attention that if you ever
> configure the options for RocksDB, these memory usage would differ from
> default values.
> The last part of index memory is not easy to estimate, but from my
> experience this part of memory would not occupy too much only if you have
> many open files.
>
> Last but not least, Flink would enable slot sharing by default, and even
> if you only one slot per taskmanager, there might exists many RocksDB
> within that TM due to many operator with keyed state running.
>
> Apart from the theoretical analysis, you'd better to open RocksDB native
> metrics or track the memory usage of pods through Prometheus with k8s.
>
> Best
> Yun Tang
> --
> *From:* wvl 
> *Sent:* Thursday, July 25, 2019 17:50
> *To:* Yang Wang 
> *Cc:* Yun Tang ; Xintong Song ;
> user 
> *Subject:* Re: Memory constrains running Flink on Kubernetes
>
> Thanks for all the answers so far.
>
> Especially clarifying was that RocksDB memory usage isn't accounted for in
> the flink memory metrics. It's clear that we need to experiment to
> understand it's memory usage and knowing that we should be looking at the
> container memory usage minus all the jvm managed memory, helps.
>
> In mean while, we've set MaxMetaspaceSize to 200M based on our metrics.
> Sadly the resulting OOM does not result a better behaved job, because it
> would seem that the (taskmanager) JVM itself is not restarted - which makes
> sense in a multijob environment.
> So we're looking into ways to simply prevent this metaspace growth (job
> library jars in /lib on TM).
>
> Going back to RocksDB, the given formula "block-cache-memory +
> column-family-number * write-buffer-memory * write-buffer-number +
> index memory." isn't completely clear to me.
>
> Block Cache: "Out of box, RocksDB will use LRU-based block cache
> implementation with 8MB capacity"
> Index & Filter Cache: "By default index and filter blocks are cached
> outside of block cache, and users won't be able to control how much memory
> should be use to cache these blocks, other than setting max_open_files.".
> The default settings doesn't set max_open_files and the rocksdb default
> seems to be 1000 (
> https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/blob/master/include/rocksdb/utilities/leveldb_options.h#L89)
> .. not completely sure about this.
> Write Buffer Memory: "The default is 64 MB. You need to budget for 2 x
> your worst case memory use."
>
> May I presume a unique ValueStateDescriptor equals a Column Family?
> If so, say I have 10 of those.
> 8MB + (10 * 64 * 2) + $Index
>
> So is that correct and how would one calculate $Index? The
> docs suggest a relationship between max_open_files (1000) and the amount
> index/filter of blocks that can be cached, but is this a 1 to 1
> relationship? Anyway, this concept of blocks is very unclear.
>
> > Have you ever set the memory limit of your taskmanager pod when
> launching it in k8s?
>
> Definitely. We settled on 8GB pods with taskmanager.heap.size: 5000m and 1
> slot and were looking into downsizing a bit to improve our pod to VM ratio.
>
> On Wed, Jul 24, 2019 at 11:07 AM Yang Wang  wrote:
>
> Hi,
>
>
> The heap in a flink TaskManager k8s pod include the following parts:
>
>- jvm heap, limited by -Xmx
>- jvm non-heap, limited by -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize
>- jvm direct memory, limited by -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize
&

Re: Memory constrains running Flink on Kubernetes

[Yun Tang]

Hi

It's definitely not easy to calculate the accurate memory usage of RocksDB, but 
formula of "block-cache-memory + column-family-number * write-buffer-memory * 
write-buffer-number + index memory"  should give enough sophisticated 
hints.
When talking about the column-family-number, they are equals to the number of 
your states which are the declared state descriptors in one operator and 
potential one window state (if you're using window).
The default writer-buffer-number is 2 at most for each column family, and the 
default write-buffer-memory size is 4MB. Pay attention that if you ever 
configure the options for RocksDB, these memory usage would differ from default 
values.
The last part of index memory is not easy to estimate, but from my 
experience this part of memory would not occupy too much only if you have many 
open files.

Last but not least, Flink would enable slot sharing by default, and even if you 
only one slot per taskmanager, there might exists many RocksDB within that TM 
due to many operator with keyed state running.

Apart from the theoretical analysis, you'd better to open RocksDB native 
metrics or track the memory usage of pods through Prometheus with k8s.

Best
Yun Tang

From: wvl 
Sent: Thursday, July 25, 2019 17:50
To: Yang Wang 
Cc: Yun Tang ; Xintong Song ; user 

Subject: Re: Memory constrains running Flink on Kubernetes

Thanks for all the answers so far.

Especially clarifying was that RocksDB memory usage isn't accounted for in the 
flink memory metrics. It's clear that we need to experiment to understand it's 
memory usage and knowing that we should be looking at the container memory 
usage minus all the jvm managed memory, helps.

In mean while, we've set MaxMetaspaceSize to 200M based on our metrics. Sadly 
the resulting OOM does not result a better behaved job, because it would seem 
that the (taskmanager) JVM itself is not restarted - which makes sense in a 
multijob environment.
So we're looking into ways to simply prevent this metaspace growth (job library 
jars in /lib on TM).

Going back to RocksDB, the given formula "block-cache-memory + 
column-family-number * write-buffer-memory * write-buffer-number + index 
memory." isn't completely clear to me.

Block Cache: "Out of box, RocksDB will use LRU-based block cache implementation 
with 8MB capacity"
Index & Filter Cache: "By default index and filter blocks are cached outside of 
block cache, and users won't be able to control how much memory should be use 
to cache these blocks, other than setting max_open_files.". The default 
settings doesn't set max_open_files and the rocksdb default seems to be 1000 
(https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/blob/master/include/rocksdb/utilities/leveldb_options.h#L89)
 .. not completely sure about this.
Write Buffer Memory: "The default is 64 MB. You need to budget for 2 x your 
worst case memory use."

May I presume a unique ValueStateDescriptor equals a Column Family?
If so, say I have 10 of those.
8MB + (10 * 64 * 2) + $Index

So is that correct and how would one calculate $Index? The docs 
suggest a relationship between max_open_files (1000) and the amount 
index/filter of blocks that can be cached, but is this a 1 to 1 relationship? 
Anyway, this concept of blocks is very unclear.

> Have you ever set the memory limit of your taskmanager pod when launching it 
> in k8s?

Definitely. We settled on 8GB pods with taskmanager.heap.size: 5000m and 1 slot 
and were looking into downsizing a bit to improve our pod to VM ratio.

On Wed, Jul 24, 2019 at 11:07 AM Yang Wang 
mailto:danrtsey...@gmail.com>> wrote:

Hi,


The heap in a flink TaskManager k8s pod include the following parts:

  *   jvm heap, limited by -Xmx
  *   jvm non-heap, limited by -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize
  *   jvm direct memory, limited by -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize
  *   native memory, used by rocksdb, just as Yun Tang said, could be limited 
by rocksdb configurations


So if your k8s pod is terminated by OOMKilled, the cause may be the non-heap 
memory or native memory. I suggest you add an environment 
FLINK_ENV_JAVA_OPTS_TM="-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=512m" in your taskmanager.yaml. 
And then only the native memory could cause OOM. Leave enough memory for 
rocksdb, and then hope your job could run smoothly.

Yun Tang mailto:myas...@live.com>> 于2019年7月24日周三 下午3:01写道：
Hi William

Have you ever set the memory limit of your taskmanager pod when launching it in 
k8s? If not, I'm afraid your node might come across node out-of-memory [1]. You 
could increase the limit by analyzing your memory usage
When talking about the memory usage of RocksDB, a rough calculation formula 
could be: block-cache-memory + column-family-number * write-buffer-memory * 
write-buffer-number + index memory. The block cache, write buffer 
memory could be mainly configured. And the column-family number is 
decided by the state number within

Re: Memory constrains running Flink on Kubernetes

[wvl]

Thanks for all the answers so far.

Especially clarifying was that RocksDB memory usage isn't accounted for in
the flink memory metrics. It's clear that we need to experiment to
understand it's memory usage and knowing that we should be looking at the
container memory usage minus all the jvm managed memory, helps.

In mean while, we've set MaxMetaspaceSize to 200M based on our metrics.
Sadly the resulting OOM does not result a better behaved job, because it
would seem that the (taskmanager) JVM itself is not restarted - which makes
sense in a multijob environment.
So we're looking into ways to simply prevent this metaspace growth (job
library jars in /lib on TM).

Going back to RocksDB, the given formula "block-cache-memory +
column-family-number * write-buffer-memory * write-buffer-number +
index memory." isn't completely clear to me.

Block Cache: "Out of box, RocksDB will use LRU-based block cache
implementation with 8MB capacity"
Index & Filter Cache: "By default index and filter blocks are cached
outside of block cache, and users won't be able to control how much memory
should be use to cache these blocks, other than setting max_open_files.".
The default settings doesn't set max_open_files and the rocksdb default
seems to be 1000 (
https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/blob/master/include/rocksdb/utilities/leveldb_options.h#L89)
.. not completely sure about this.
Write Buffer Memory: "The default is 64 MB. You need to budget for 2 x your
worst case memory use."

May I presume a unique ValueStateDescriptor equals a Column Family?
If so, say I have 10 of those.
8MB + (10 * 64 * 2) + $Index

So is that correct and how would one calculate $Index? The
docs suggest a relationship between max_open_files (1000) and the amount
index/filter of blocks that can be cached, but is this a 1 to 1
relationship? Anyway, this concept of blocks is very unclear.

> Have you ever set the memory limit of your taskmanager pod when launching
it in k8s?

Definitely. We settled on 8GB pods with taskmanager.heap.size: 5000m and 1
slot and were looking into downsizing a bit to improve our pod to VM ratio.

On Wed, Jul 24, 2019 at 11:07 AM Yang Wang  wrote:

> Hi,
>
>
> The heap in a flink TaskManager k8s pod include the following parts:
>
>- jvm heap, limited by -Xmx
>- jvm non-heap, limited by -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize
>- jvm direct memory, limited by -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize
>- native memory, used by rocksdb, just as Yun Tang said, could be
>limited by rocksdb configurations
>
>
> So if your k8s pod is terminated by OOMKilled, the cause may be the
> non-heap memory or native memory. I suggest you add an environment
> FLINK_ENV_JAVA_OPTS_TM="-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=512m" in your
> taskmanager.yaml. And then only the native memory could cause OOM. Leave
> enough memory for rocksdb, and then hope your job could run smoothly.
>
> Yun Tang  于2019年7月24日周三 下午3:01写道：
>
>> Hi William
>>
>> Have you ever set the memory limit of your taskmanager pod when launching
>> it in k8s? If not, I'm afraid your node might come across node
>> out-of-memory [1]. You could increase the limit by analyzing your memory
>> usage
>> When talking about the memory usage of RocksDB, a rough calculation
>> formula could be: block-cache-memory + column-family-number *
>> write-buffer-memory * write-buffer-number + index memory. The block
>> cache, write buffer memory could be mainly configured. And the
>> column-family number is decided by the state number within your operator.
>> The last part of index memory cannot be measured well only if you
>> also cache them in block cache [2] (but this would impact the performance).
>> If you want to the memory stats of rocksDB, turn on the native metrics of
>> RocksDB [3] is a good choice.
>>
>>
>> [1]
>> https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/out-of-resource/#node-oom-behavior
>> [2]
>> https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki/Memory-usage-in-RocksDB#indexes-and-filter-blocks
>> [3]
>> https://ci.apache.org/projects/flink/flink-docs-release-1.8/ops/config.html#rocksdb-native-metrics
>>
>> Best
>> Yun Tang
>> --
>> *From:* Xintong Song 
>> *Sent:* Wednesday, July 24, 2019 11:59
>> *To:* wvl 
>> *Cc:* user 
>> *Subject:* Re: Memory constrains running Flink on Kubernetes
>>
>> Hi,
>>
>> Flink acquires these 'Status_JVM_Memory' metrics through the MXBean
>> library. According to MXBean document, non-heap is "the Java virtual
>> machine manages memory other than the heap (referred as non-heap memory)".
>> Not sure whether that is equivalent to the metaspace. If the
>> '-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize', it should trigger met

Re: Memory constrains running Flink on Kubernetes

[Yang Wang]

Hi,


The heap in a flink TaskManager k8s pod include the following parts:

   - jvm heap, limited by -Xmx
   - jvm non-heap, limited by -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize
   - jvm direct memory, limited by -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize
   - native memory, used by rocksdb, just as Yun Tang said, could be
   limited by rocksdb configurations


So if your k8s pod is terminated by OOMKilled, the cause may be the
non-heap memory or native memory. I suggest you add an environment
FLINK_ENV_JAVA_OPTS_TM="-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=512m" in your
taskmanager.yaml. And then only the native memory could cause OOM. Leave
enough memory for rocksdb, and then hope your job could run smoothly.

Yun Tang  于2019年7月24日周三 下午3:01写道：

> Hi William
>
> Have you ever set the memory limit of your taskmanager pod when launching
> it in k8s? If not, I'm afraid your node might come across node
> out-of-memory [1]. You could increase the limit by analyzing your memory
> usage
> When talking about the memory usage of RocksDB, a rough calculation
> formula could be: block-cache-memory + column-family-number *
> write-buffer-memory * write-buffer-number + index memory. The block
> cache, write buffer memory could be mainly configured. And the
> column-family number is decided by the state number within your operator.
> The last part of index memory cannot be measured well only if you
> also cache them in block cache [2] (but this would impact the performance).
> If you want to the memory stats of rocksDB, turn on the native metrics of
> RocksDB [3] is a good choice.
>
>
> [1]
> https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/out-of-resource/#node-oom-behavior
> [2]
> https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki/Memory-usage-in-RocksDB#indexes-and-filter-blocks
> [3]
> https://ci.apache.org/projects/flink/flink-docs-release-1.8/ops/config.html#rocksdb-native-metrics
>
> Best
> Yun Tang
> --
> *From:* Xintong Song 
> *Sent:* Wednesday, July 24, 2019 11:59
> *To:* wvl 
> *Cc:* user 
> *Subject:* Re: Memory constrains running Flink on Kubernetes
>
> Hi,
>
> Flink acquires these 'Status_JVM_Memory' metrics through the MXBean
> library. According to MXBean document, non-heap is "the Java virtual
> machine manages memory other than the heap (referred as non-heap memory)".
> Not sure whether that is equivalent to the metaspace. If the
> '-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize', it should trigger metaspcae clean up when the limit
> is reached.
>
> As for RocksDB, it mainly uses non-java memory. Heap, non-heap and direct
> memory could be considered as java memory (or at least allocated through
> the java process). That means, RocksDB is actually using the memory that is
> accounted in the total K8s container memory but not accounted in neither of
> java heap / non-heap / direct memory, which in your case the 1GB
> unaccounted. To leave more memory for RocksDB, you need to either configure
> more memory for the K8s containers, or configure less java memory through
> the config option 'taskmanager.heap.size'.
>
> The config option 'taskmanager.heap.size', despite the 'heap' in its key,
> also accounts for network memory (which uses direct buffers). Currently,
> memory configurations in Flink is quite complicated and confusing. The
> community is aware of this, and is planing for an overall improvement.
>
> To my understanding, once you set '-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize', there should be
> limits on heap, non-heap and direct memory in JVM. You should be able to
> find which part that requires memory more than the limit from the java OOM
> error message. If there is no java OOM but a K8s container OOM, then it
> should be non-java memory used by RocksDB.
>
> [1]
> https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/management/MemoryMXBean.html
>
> Thank you~
>
> Xintong Song
>
>
>
> On Tue, Jul 23, 2019 at 8:42 PM wvl  wrote:
>
> Hi,
>
> We're running a relatively simply Flink application that uses a bunch of
> state in RocksDB on Kubernetes.
> During the course of development and going to production, we found that we
> were often running into memory issues made apparent by Kubernetes OOMKilled
> and Java OOM log events.
>
> In order to tackle these, we're trying to account for all the memory used
> in the container, to allow proper tuning.
> Metric-wise we have:
> - container_memory_working_set_bytes = 6,5GB
> - flink_taskmanager_Status_JVM_Memory_Heap_Max =  4,7GB
> - flink_taskmanager_Status_JVM_Memory_NonHeap_Used = 325MB
> - flink_taskmanager_Status_JVM_Memory_Direct_MemoryUsed = 500MB
>
> This is my understanding based on all the documentation and observations:
> container_memory_working_set_bytes will be the total amount of memory in
> use, disregarding OS page & block 

Re: Memory constrains running Flink on Kubernetes

[Yun Tang]

Hi William

Have you ever set the memory limit of your taskmanager pod when launching it in 
k8s? If not, I'm afraid your node might come across node out-of-memory [1]. You 
could increase the limit by analyzing your memory usage
When talking about the memory usage of RocksDB, a rough calculation formula 
could be: block-cache-memory + column-family-number * write-buffer-memory * 
write-buffer-number + index memory. The block cache, write buffer 
memory could be mainly configured. And the column-family number is 
decided by the state number within your operator. The last part of index 
memory cannot be measured well only if you also cache them in block cache [2] 
(but this would impact the performance).
If you want to the memory stats of rocksDB, turn on the native metrics of 
RocksDB [3] is a good choice.


[1] 
https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/out-of-resource/#node-oom-behavior
[2] 
https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki/Memory-usage-in-RocksDB#indexes-and-filter-blocks
[3] 
https://ci.apache.org/projects/flink/flink-docs-release-1.8/ops/config.html#rocksdb-native-metrics

Best
Yun Tang

From: Xintong Song 
Sent: Wednesday, July 24, 2019 11:59
To: wvl 
Cc: user 
Subject: Re: Memory constrains running Flink on Kubernetes

Hi,

Flink acquires these 'Status_JVM_Memory' metrics through the MXBean library. 
According to MXBean document, non-heap is "the Java virtual machine manages 
memory other than the heap (referred as non-heap memory)". Not sure whether 
that is equivalent to the metaspace. If the '-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize', it should 
trigger metaspcae clean up when the limit is reached.

As for RocksDB, it mainly uses non-java memory. Heap, non-heap and direct 
memory could be considered as java memory (or at least allocated through the 
java process). That means, RocksDB is actually using the memory that is 
accounted in the total K8s container memory but not accounted in neither of 
java heap / non-heap / direct memory, which in your case the 1GB unaccounted. 
To leave more memory for RocksDB, you need to either configure more memory for 
the K8s containers, or configure less java memory through the config option 
'taskmanager.heap.size'.

The config option 'taskmanager.heap.size', despite the 'heap' in its key, also 
accounts for network memory (which uses direct buffers). Currently, memory 
configurations in Flink is quite complicated and confusing. The community is 
aware of this, and is planing for an overall improvement.

To my understanding, once you set '-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize', there should be 
limits on heap, non-heap and direct memory in JVM. You should be able to find 
which part that requires memory more than the limit from the java OOM error 
message. If there is no java OOM but a K8s container OOM, then it should be 
non-java memory used by RocksDB.

[1] 
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/management/MemoryMXBean.html


Thank you~

Xintong Song


On Tue, Jul 23, 2019 at 8:42 PM wvl mailto:lee...@gmail.com>> 
wrote:
Hi,

We're running a relatively simply Flink application that uses a bunch of state 
in RocksDB on Kubernetes.
During the course of development and going to production, we found that we were 
often running into memory issues made apparent by Kubernetes OOMKilled and Java 
OOM log events.

In order to tackle these, we're trying to account for all the memory used in 
the container, to allow proper tuning.
Metric-wise we have:
- container_memory_working_set_bytes = 6,5GB
- flink_taskmanager_Status_JVM_Memory_Heap_Max =  4,7GB
- flink_taskmanager_Status_JVM_Memory_NonHeap_Used = 325MB
- flink_taskmanager_Status_JVM_Memory_Direct_MemoryUsed = 500MB

This is my understanding based on all the documentation and observations:
container_memory_working_set_bytes will be the total amount of memory in use, 
disregarding OS page & block cache.
Heap will be heap.
NonHeap is mostly the metaspace.
Direct_Memory is mostly network buffers.

Running the numbers I have 1 GB unaccounted for. I'm also uncertain as to 
RocksDB. According to the docs RocksDB has a "Column Family Write Buffer" where 
"You need to budget for 2 x your worst case memory use".
We have 17 ValueStateDescriptors (ignoring state for windows) which I'm 
assuming corresponds to a "Column Family" in RockDB. Meaning our budget should 
be around 2GB.
Is this accounted for in one of the flink_taskmanager metrics above? We've also 
enabled various rocksdb metrics, but it's unclear where this Write Buffer 
memory would be represented.

Finally, we've seen that when our job has issues and is restarted rapidly, 
NonHeap_Used grows from an initial 50Mb to 700MB, before our containers are 
killed. We're assuming this is due
to no form of cleanup in the metaspace as classes get (re)loaded.

These are our taskmanager JVM settings: -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=1G 
-XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions -XX:+UseCGroupMemoryLi

Re: Memory constrains running Flink on Kubernetes

[Xintong Song]

Hi,

Flink acquires these 'Status_JVM_Memory' metrics through the MXBean
library. According to MXBean document, non-heap is "the Java virtual
machine manages memory other than the heap (referred as non-heap memory)".
Not sure whether that is equivalent to the metaspace. If the
'-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize', it should trigger metaspcae clean up when the limit
is reached.

As for RocksDB, it mainly uses non-java memory. Heap, non-heap and direct
memory could be considered as java memory (or at least allocated through
the java process). That means, RocksDB is actually using the memory that is
accounted in the total K8s container memory but not accounted in neither of
java heap / non-heap / direct memory, which in your case the 1GB
unaccounted. To leave more memory for RocksDB, you need to either configure
more memory for the K8s containers, or configure less java memory through
the config option 'taskmanager.heap.size'.

The config option 'taskmanager.heap.size', despite the 'heap' in its key,
also accounts for network memory (which uses direct buffers). Currently,
memory configurations in Flink is quite complicated and confusing. The
community is aware of this, and is planing for an overall improvement.

To my understanding, once you set '-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize', there should be
limits on heap, non-heap and direct memory in JVM. You should be able to
find which part that requires memory more than the limit from the java OOM
error message. If there is no java OOM but a K8s container OOM, then it
should be non-java memory used by RocksDB.

[1]
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/management/MemoryMXBean.html

Thank you~

Xintong Song



On Tue, Jul 23, 2019 at 8:42 PM wvl  wrote:

> Hi,
>
> We're running a relatively simply Flink application that uses a bunch of
> state in RocksDB on Kubernetes.
> During the course of development and going to production, we found that we
> were often running into memory issues made apparent by Kubernetes OOMKilled
> and Java OOM log events.
>
> In order to tackle these, we're trying to account for all the memory used
> in the container, to allow proper tuning.
> Metric-wise we have:
> - container_memory_working_set_bytes = 6,5GB
> - flink_taskmanager_Status_JVM_Memory_Heap_Max =  4,7GB
> - flink_taskmanager_Status_JVM_Memory_NonHeap_Used = 325MB
> - flink_taskmanager_Status_JVM_Memory_Direct_MemoryUsed = 500MB
>
> This is my understanding based on all the documentation and observations:
> container_memory_working_set_bytes will be the total amount of memory in
> use, disregarding OS page & block cache.
> Heap will be heap.
> NonHeap is mostly the metaspace.
> Direct_Memory is mostly network buffers.
>
> Running the numbers I have 1 GB unaccounted for. I'm also uncertain as to
> RocksDB. According to the docs RocksDB has a "Column Family Write Buffer"
> where "You need to budget for 2 x your worst case memory use".
> We have 17 ValueStateDescriptors (ignoring state for windows) which I'm
> assuming corresponds to a "Column Family" in RockDB. Meaning our budget
> should be around 2GB.
> Is this accounted for in one of the flink_taskmanager metrics above? We've
> also enabled various rocksdb metrics, but it's unclear where this Write
> Buffer memory would be represented.
>
> Finally, we've seen that when our job has issues and is restarted rapidly,
> NonHeap_Used grows from an initial 50Mb to 700MB, before our containers are
> killed. We're assuming this is due
> to no form of cleanup in the metaspace as classes get (re)loaded.
>
> These are our taskmanager JVM settings: -XX:+UseG1GC
> -XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=1G -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions
> -XX:+UseCGroupMemoryLimitForHeap -XX:MaxRAMFraction=2
> With flink config:
>   taskmanager.heap.size: 5000m
>   state.backend: rocksdb
>   state.backend.incremental: true
>   state.backend.rocksdb.timer-service.factory: ROCKSDB
>
> Based on what we've observed we're thinking about setting
> -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize to a reasonable value, so that we at least get an
> error message which can easily be traced back to the behavior we're seeing.
>
> Okay, all that said let's sum up what we're asking here:
> - Is there any more insight into how memory is accounted for than our
> current metrics?
> - Which metric, if any accounts for RocksDB memory usage?
> - What's going on with the Metaspace growth we're seeing during job
> restarts, is there something we can do about this such as setting
> -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize?
> - Any other tips to improve reliability running in resource constrained
> environments such as Kubernetes?
>
> Thanks,
>
> William
>
>

Memory constrains running Flink on Kubernetes

[wvl]

Hi,

We're running a relatively simply Flink application that uses a bunch of
state in RocksDB on Kubernetes.
During the course of development and going to production, we found that we
were often running into memory issues made apparent by Kubernetes OOMKilled
and Java OOM log events.

In order to tackle these, we're trying to account for all the memory used
in the container, to allow proper tuning.
Metric-wise we have:
- container_memory_working_set_bytes = 6,5GB
- flink_taskmanager_Status_JVM_Memory_Heap_Max =  4,7GB
- flink_taskmanager_Status_JVM_Memory_NonHeap_Used = 325MB
- flink_taskmanager_Status_JVM_Memory_Direct_MemoryUsed = 500MB

This is my understanding based on all the documentation and observations:
container_memory_working_set_bytes will be the total amount of memory in
use, disregarding OS page & block cache.
Heap will be heap.
NonHeap is mostly the metaspace.
Direct_Memory is mostly network buffers.

Running the numbers I have 1 GB unaccounted for. I'm also uncertain as to
RocksDB. According to the docs RocksDB has a "Column Family Write Buffer"
where "You need to budget for 2 x your worst case memory use".
We have 17 ValueStateDescriptors (ignoring state for windows) which I'm
assuming corresponds to a "Column Family" in RockDB. Meaning our budget
should be around 2GB.
Is this accounted for in one of the flink_taskmanager metrics above? We've
also enabled various rocksdb metrics, but it's unclear where this Write
Buffer memory would be represented.

Finally, we've seen that when our job has issues and is restarted rapidly,
NonHeap_Used grows from an initial 50Mb to 700MB, before our containers are
killed. We're assuming this is due
to no form of cleanup in the metaspace as classes get (re)loaded.

These are our taskmanager JVM settings: -XX:+UseG1GC
-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=1G -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions
-XX:+UseCGroupMemoryLimitForHeap -XX:MaxRAMFraction=2
With flink config:
  taskmanager.heap.size: 5000m
  state.backend: rocksdb
  state.backend.incremental: true
  state.backend.rocksdb.timer-service.factory: ROCKSDB

Based on what we've observed we're thinking about setting
-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize to a reasonable value, so that we at least get an
error message which can easily be traced back to the behavior we're seeing.

Okay, all that said let's sum up what we're asking here:
- Is there any more insight into how memory is accounted for than our
current metrics?
- Which metric, if any accounts for RocksDB memory usage?
- What's going on with the Metaspace growth we're seeing during job
restarts, is there something we can do about this such as setting
-XX:MaxMetaspaceSize?
- Any other tips to improve reliability running in resource constrained
environments such as Kubernetes?

Thanks,

William