Re: usb bootable stick

[Tod Merley]

What of the device firmware, boot capability contained therein, performance
optimization contained in the section between the front of the drive and
the start of the provided partition, and and crazy often auto-mount
firmware “CD-ROM” provided as a method of device software availability and
possible auto-installation in Windows systems set up to do so?

On Fri, Oct 16, 2015 at 9:43 AM, Rick Stevens  wrote:

> On 10/16/2015 02:36 AM, Ranjan Maitra wrote:
>
>> On Thu, 15 Oct 2015 22:44:20 -0700 Joe Zeff  wrote:
>>
>> On 10/15/2015 09:14 PM, Ranjan Maitra wrote:
>>>
 No, I would not think so. But if the device is not mounted, would it
 not write to the mount point, especially because you are doing so as root
 (so nothing to stop you). This logic seems to make sense to me, and indeed
 is what happens when I have done it accidentally (without mounting the USB
 drive).

>>>
>>> If the device isn't mounted, there's no mount point for the command to
>>> write to.
>>>
>>
>> Correct. Then where would it write to?
>>
>
> If you write to a /dev/sd* node, you write to the raw device whether
> it's mounted or not. If that device happens to be mounted at the time,
> then things are going to get very ugly with the mountpoint as the
> filesystem associated with the mountpoint won't necessarily know about
> what you've done to the underlying device--the filesystem's idea of
> what's on the device will be different than what's actually on the
> device. Some programs do take care to not permit you to write to a
> raw device if it's mounted to keep this from happening.
>
> Mountpoints are just directories. If you write to the mountpoint
> _without_ any device being mounted there, then you write into the
> mountpoint directory as you would any directory. If you then mount a
> device at that spot, the contents of the device will hide the content
> existing in that mountpoint directory until you unmount the device.
> Then the content you wrote to that directory will reappear.
>
> In general, if the target of some operation is a node in /dev then do
> try to ensure it (or any part of it) is _not_ mounted. One of the
> easiest ways is to use "mount | grep ", e.g.
>
> mount | grep /dev/sdb
>
> If you don't get any output, then you can be relatively sure that no
> part of the physical device /dev/sdb is being used as a filesystem.
> --
> - Rick Stevens, Systems Engineer, AllDigitalri...@alldigital.com -
> - AIM/Skype: therps2ICQ: 226437340   Yahoo: origrps2 -
> --
> - "OK, so you're a Ph.D. Just don't TOUCH anything!" -
> --
>
> --
> users mailing list
> users@lists.fedoraproject.org
> To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
> https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
> Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
> Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
> Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org
>
-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

Re: usb bootable stick

[Ranjan Maitra]

On Fri, 16 Oct 2015 12:24:22 +0800 Ed Greshko  wrote:

> On 10/16/2015 12:14 PM, Ranjan Maitra wrote:
> > I don't know and I am not an expert. However, from experiment, observation 
> > and inference, I have noticed that unless the usb is mounted, dd does not 
> > copy to the device. (This happened as recently as last week).
> 
> Sure it does
> 
> [root@meimei tmp]# cat ones
> 11
> 111
> 11
> 
> [root@meimei tmp]# df
> Filesystem 1K-blocks   Used  Available Use% Mounted on
> devtmpfs 4071532  04071532   0% /dev
> tmpfs4082428 3278083754620   9% /dev/shm
> tmpfs4082428   15204080908   1% /run
> tmpfs4082428  04082428   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
> /dev/sda2   50264772   17507156   30181232  37% /
> tmpfs4082428 964082332   1% /tmp
> /dev/sdb1  480589520   12122308  444031552   3% /home
> /dev/sda1 487652 135783 322173  30% /boot
> /dev/sda5  894266040  397001636  451815240  47% /opt
> tmpfs 816488  0 816488   0% /run/user/985
> ds:/volume1/video 2879621632 1108568832 1770950400  39% /home/egreshko/Videos
> tmpfs 816488 28 816460   1% /run/user/1029
> 
> [root@meimei tmp]# dd if=ones of=/dev/sdg
> 0+1 records in
> 0+1 records out
> 239 bytes (239 B) copied, 0.00298501 s, 80.1 kB/s
> 
> [root@meimei tmp]# cat /dev/sdg | more
> 11
> 111
> 11
> 
> "f�f�Vf�f!�uf�r���f�F���fa��b
> f�fFf��0�r�>�}U�{Z_
> ^���>b��<
> u��▒���
> 

And this got copied to the USB device? (I did not say that it was not copied to 
an arbitrary location, only that it did not get copied to the USB device). 
Further, it messed up the mount point till reboot.

Ranjan


FREE ONLINE PHOTOSHARING - Share your photos online with your friends and 
family!
Visit http://www.inbox.com/photosharing to find out more!


-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

Re: usb bootable stick

[Ranjan Maitra]

On Thu, 15 Oct 2015 22:44:20 -0700 Joe Zeff  wrote:

> On 10/15/2015 09:14 PM, Ranjan Maitra wrote:
> > No, I would not think so. But if the device is not mounted, would it not 
> > write to the mount point, especially because you are doing so as root (so 
> > nothing to stop you). This logic seems to make sense to me, and indeed is 
> > what happens when I have done it accidentally (without mounting the USB 
> > drive).
> 
> If the device isn't mounted, there's no mount point for the command to 
> write to.

Correct. Then where would it write to? 

Ranjan

> -- 
> users mailing list
> users@lists.fedoraproject.org
> To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
> https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
> Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
> Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
> Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org


-- 
Important Notice: This mailbox is ignored: e-mails are set to be deleted on 
receipt. Please respond to the mailing list if appropriate. For those needing 
to send personal or professional e-mail, please use appropriate addresses.


Can't remember your password? Do you need a strong and secure password?
Use Password manager! It stores your passwords & protects your account.
Check it out at http://mysecurelogon.com/password-manager


-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

Re: usb bootable stick

[Ed Greshko]

On 10/16/2015 05:35 PM, Ranjan Maitra wrote:
> On Fri, 16 Oct 2015 12:24:22 +0800 Ed Greshko  wrote:
>
>> On 10/16/2015 12:14 PM, Ranjan Maitra wrote:
>>> I don't know and I am not an expert. However, from experiment, observation 
>>> and inference, I have noticed that unless the usb is mounted, dd does not 
>>> copy to the device. (This happened as recently as last week).
>> Sure it does
>>
>> [root@meimei tmp]# cat ones
>> 11
>> 111
>> 11
>>
>> [root@meimei tmp]# df
>> Filesystem 1K-blocks   Used  Available Use% Mounted on
>> devtmpfs 4071532  04071532   0% /dev
>> tmpfs4082428 3278083754620   9% /dev/shm
>> tmpfs4082428   15204080908   1% /run
>> tmpfs4082428  04082428   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
>> /dev/sda2   50264772   17507156   30181232  37% /
>> tmpfs4082428 964082332   1% /tmp
>> /dev/sdb1  480589520   12122308  444031552   3% /home
>> /dev/sda1 487652 135783 322173  30% /boot
>> /dev/sda5  894266040  397001636  451815240  47% /opt
>> tmpfs 816488  0 816488   0% /run/user/985
>> ds:/volume1/video 2879621632 1108568832 1770950400  39% /home/egreshko/Videos
>> tmpfs 816488 28 816460   1% /run/user/1029
>>
>> [root@meimei tmp]# dd if=ones of=/dev/sdg
>> 0+1 records in
>> 0+1 records out
>> 239 bytes (239 B) copied, 0.00298501 s, 80.1 kB/s
>>
>> [root@meimei tmp]# cat /dev/sdg | more
>> 11
>> 111
>> 11
>>
>> "f�f�Vf�f!�uf�r���f�F���fa��b
>> f�fFf��0�r�>�}U�{Z_
>> ^���>b��<
>> u��▒���
>>
> And this got copied to the USB device? (I did not say that it was not copied 
> to an arbitrary location, only that it did not get copied to the USB device). 
> Further, it messed up the mount point till reboot.
>

Of course it was written to the device.  That is what /dev/sdg is...

brw-rw. 1 root disk 8, 96 Oct 16 18:32 /dev/sdg

You need to learn about "block devices".   /dev/sdg is the entire device.  In 
this case a USB thumb drive.  In my case,

brw-rw. 1 root disk 8, 96 Oct 16 18:32 /dev/sdg1 also exists, when the 
thumb drive is inserted, since there is a single partition defined on the drive.

These are *not* mount points.

-- 
In reality, some people should stick to running Windows and others should stay 
away from computers altogether.
-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

Re: usb bootable stick

[Tim]

Tim:
>> Why would anyone think that a command like:
>> 
>>   dd  if=boot.iso  of=/dev/sdb  bs=8M
>> 
>> Is going to write to anywhere else than /dev/sdb?

Ranjan Maitra sent:
> No, I would not think so. But if the device is not mounted, would it
> not write to the mount point, especially because you are doing so as
> root (so nothing to stop you). This logic seems to make sense to me,
> and indeed is what happens when I have done it accidentally (without
> mounting the USB drive).

There's nothing logical about what you've said.

The example command line does not mention a mount point, only devices.
The "if=" is where it gets its input from, and "of=" is where it goes to
("input" and "output" "files," even though the output is not exactly a
file, in this case).  That example's output is to /dev/sdb.  It'll
either output to /dev/sdb, or fail if there isn't a /dev/sdb device
available.

Being root isn't magical, it won't suddenly make the command do
something that you didn't type into it.

There is only one way you could write to the mount point, and that's by
mentioning a mount point in the "of=" parameters.

e.g.  dd if=sample.iso of=/mnt/drivename

But that's not how you'd use "dd" in this kind of situation - where you
were wanting to write to the underlying device, from the beginning of
its storage, not just copy a file into its filesystem.

I can't help think but you're doing it wrong if you get those kind of
results.

-- 
[tim@localhost ~]$ uname -rsvp
Linux 3.9.10-100.fc17.x86_64 #1 SMP Sun Jul 14 01:31:27 UTC 2013 x86_64

All mail to my mailbox is automatically deleted, there is no point
trying to privately email me, I will only read messages posted to the
public lists.

ZNQR LBH YBBX!



-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

Re: usb bootable stick

[Ranjan Maitra]

On Fri, 16 Oct 2015 08:29:51 -0400 Fred Smith  
wrote:

> On Thu, Oct 15, 2015 at 11:14:53PM -0500, Ranjan Maitra wrote:
> > > Ranjan Maitra:
> > > > In my experience with Fedora (only), I have found that mounting is
> > > > essential. Otherwise it writes to the mount point, but not the device.
> > > 
> > > Why would anyone think that a command like:
> > > 
> > >   dd  if=boot.iso  of=/dev/sdb  bs=8M
> > > 
> > > Is going to write to anywhere else than /dev/sdb?
> > 
> > No, I would not think so. But if the device is not mounted, would it not 
> > write to the mount point, especially because you are doing so as root (so 
> > nothing to stop you). This logic seems to make sense to me, and indeed is 
> > what happens when I have done it accidentally (without mounting the USB 
> > drive).
> >  
> > > In general, trying to do a direct write to a device, while it's mounted
> > > on the filesystem, is inherently risky.  You stand a very good chance
> > > that the mounted filesystem is going to stomp over the top of your raw
> > > write.  The only way I could see it *not* stomping over it, is if you
> > > yanked the USB drive out without dismounting it (another stupid thing to
> > > do).
> > 
> > Agreed to this last point, but not what happened.
> > 
> > I don't know and I am not an expert. However, from experiment, observation 
> > and inference, I have noticed that unless the usb is mounted, dd does not 
> > copy to the device. (This happened as recently as last week).
> > 
> > Many thanks and best wishes,
> > Ranjan
> > 
> 
> One thing I've noticed in the past is: if the USB device is auto-mounted when 
> you
> insert it, and if you then right-click/unmount, that the device node (in /dev)
> is also removed. So, if that's what is happening, instead of using the 
> right-click
> menu to unmount it, go to a terminal and (as root) type "umount /dev/sdxx",
> which unmounts the drive but leaves the node there, so that you can then write
> to the drive as a raw device.

I see, this explains things somewhat. Btw, when USB is set to auto-mount, I 
notice that I need to actually open a file manager (I use spacefm, but this is 
perhaps immaterial) for the device to auto-mount. Before that, there is no 
device that I can see. Is there a flaw in my installation which has carried on 
for several installs?

> Make sure you use the right value for /dev/sdxx, otherwise you'll write all 
> over
> some other drive. (The voice of experiencek, here... believe me, it ain't 
> pretty!)

Agreed, thanks!

Ranjan


FREE 3D MARINE AQUARIUM SCREENSAVER - Watch dolphins, sharks & orcas on your 
desktop!
Check it out at http://www.inbox.com/marineaquarium


-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

Re: usb bootable stick

[Ranjan Maitra]

On Fri, 16 Oct 2015 18:37:26 +0800 Ed Greshko  wrote:

> On 10/16/2015 05:35 PM, Ranjan Maitra wrote:
> > On Fri, 16 Oct 2015 12:24:22 +0800 Ed Greshko  
> > wrote:
> >
> >> On 10/16/2015 12:14 PM, Ranjan Maitra wrote:
> >>> I don't know and I am not an expert. However, from experiment, 
> >>> observation and inference, I have noticed that unless the usb is mounted, 
> >>> dd does not copy to the device. (This happened as recently as last week).
> >> Sure it does
> >>
> >> [root@meimei tmp]# cat ones
> >> 11
> >> 111
> >> 11
> >>
> >> [root@meimei tmp]# df
> >> Filesystem 1K-blocks   Used  Available Use% Mounted on
> >> devtmpfs 4071532  04071532   0% /dev
> >> tmpfs4082428 3278083754620   9% /dev/shm
> >> tmpfs4082428   15204080908   1% /run
> >> tmpfs4082428  04082428   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
> >> /dev/sda2   50264772   17507156   30181232  37% /
> >> tmpfs4082428 964082332   1% /tmp
> >> /dev/sdb1  480589520   12122308  444031552   3% /home
> >> /dev/sda1 487652 135783 322173  30% /boot
> >> /dev/sda5  894266040  397001636  451815240  47% /opt
> >> tmpfs 816488  0 816488   0% /run/user/985
> >> ds:/volume1/video 2879621632 1108568832 1770950400  39% 
> >> /home/egreshko/Videos
> >> tmpfs 816488 28 816460   1% /run/user/1029
> >>
> >> [root@meimei tmp]# dd if=ones of=/dev/sdg
> >> 0+1 records in
> >> 0+1 records out
> >> 239 bytes (239 B) copied, 0.00298501 s, 80.1 kB/s
> >>
> >> [root@meimei tmp]# cat /dev/sdg | more
> >> 11
> >> 111
> >> 11
> >>
> >> "f�f�Vf�f!�uf�r���f�F���fa��b
> >> f�fFf��0�r�>�}U�{Z_
> >> ^���>b��<
> >> u��▒���
> >>
> > And this got copied to the USB device? (I did not say that it was not 
> > copied to an arbitrary location, only that it did not get copied to the USB 
> > device). Further, it messed up the mount point till reboot.
> >
> 
> Of course it was written to the device.  That is what /dev/sdg is...
> 
> brw-rw. 1 root disk 8, 96 Oct 16 18:32 /dev/sdg
> 
> You need to learn about "block devices".   /dev/sdg is the entire device.  In 
> this case a USB thumb drive.  In my case,
> 
> brw-rw. 1 root disk 8, 96 Oct 16 18:32 /dev/sdg1 also exists, when the 
> thumb drive is inserted, since there is a single partition defined on the 
> drive.
> 
> These are *not* mount points.
> 

OK, I stand corrected, thanks!

Ranjan


FREE 3D MARINE AQUARIUM SCREENSAVER - Watch dolphins, sharks & orcas on your 
desktop!
Check it out at http://www.inbox.com/marineaquarium


-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

Re: usb bootable stick

[Fred Smith]

On Thu, Oct 15, 2015 at 11:14:53PM -0500, Ranjan Maitra wrote:
> > Ranjan Maitra:
> > > In my experience with Fedora (only), I have found that mounting is
> > > essential. Otherwise it writes to the mount point, but not the device.
> > 
> > Why would anyone think that a command like:
> > 
> >   dd  if=boot.iso  of=/dev/sdb  bs=8M
> > 
> > Is going to write to anywhere else than /dev/sdb?
> 
> No, I would not think so. But if the device is not mounted, would it not 
> write to the mount point, especially because you are doing so as root (so 
> nothing to stop you). This logic seems to make sense to me, and indeed is 
> what happens when I have done it accidentally (without mounting the USB 
> drive).
>  
> > In general, trying to do a direct write to a device, while it's mounted
> > on the filesystem, is inherently risky.  You stand a very good chance
> > that the mounted filesystem is going to stomp over the top of your raw
> > write.  The only way I could see it *not* stomping over it, is if you
> > yanked the USB drive out without dismounting it (another stupid thing to
> > do).
> 
> Agreed to this last point, but not what happened.
> 
> I don't know and I am not an expert. However, from experiment, observation 
> and inference, I have noticed that unless the usb is mounted, dd does not 
> copy to the device. (This happened as recently as last week).
> 
> Many thanks and best wishes,
> Ranjan
> 

One thing I've noticed in the past is: if the USB device is auto-mounted when 
you
insert it, and if you then right-click/unmount, that the device node (in /dev)
is also removed. So, if that's what is happening, instead of using the 
right-click
menu to unmount it, go to a terminal and (as root) type "umount /dev/sdxx",
which unmounts the drive but leaves the node there, so that you can then write
to the drive as a raw device.

Make sure you use the right value for /dev/sdxx, otherwise you'll write all over
some other drive. (The voice of experiencek, here... believe me, it ain't 
pretty!)

-- 
 Fred Smith -- fre...@fcshome.stoneham.ma.us -
   "For the word of God is living and active. Sharper than any double-edged 
   sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow; 
  it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart."  
 Hebrews 4:12 (niv) --
-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

Re: usb bootable stick

[Rick Stevens]

On 10/16/2015 02:14 PM, Tod Merley wrote:

What of the device firmware, boot capability contained therein,
performance optimization contained in the section between the front of
the drive and the start of the provided partition, and and crazy often
auto-mount firmware “CD-ROM” provided as a method of device software
availability and possible auto-installation in Windows systems set up to
do so?


If you are unlucky enough to get stuck with a USB thumb drive that has
U3 stuff on it, generally they've got it stuffed so that a normal write
to those blocks won't work unless you do some "magic" and delete the U3
stuff first. If you don't, writing your bootable ISO to it is useless
as you can't overwrite the boot loader on the thumb drive.

I refuse to buy thumb drives that have that crap on it. God knows what
evil software they've stuffed into it (remember the stupid KVM that
had code that would force your browser to go to a specific website?)




On Fri, Oct 16, 2015 at 9:43 AM, Rick Stevens > wrote:

On 10/16/2015 02:36 AM, Ranjan Maitra wrote:

On Thu, 15 Oct 2015 22:44:20 -0700 Joe Zeff > wrote:

On 10/15/2015 09:14 PM, Ranjan Maitra wrote:

No, I would not think so. But if the device is not
mounted, would it not write to the mount point,
especially because you are doing so as root (so nothing
to stop you). This logic seems to make sense to me, and
indeed is what happens when I have done it accidentally
(without mounting the USB drive).


If the device isn't mounted, there's no mount point for the
command to
write to.


Correct. Then where would it write to?


If you write to a /dev/sd* node, you write to the raw device whether
it's mounted or not. If that device happens to be mounted at the time,
then things are going to get very ugly with the mountpoint as the
filesystem associated with the mountpoint won't necessarily know about
what you've done to the underlying device--the filesystem's idea of
what's on the device will be different than what's actually on the
device. Some programs do take care to not permit you to write to a
raw device if it's mounted to keep this from happening.

Mountpoints are just directories. If you write to the mountpoint
_without_ any device being mounted there, then you write into the
mountpoint directory as you would any directory. If you then mount a
device at that spot, the contents of the device will hide the content
existing in that mountpoint directory until you unmount the device.
Then the content you wrote to that directory will reappear.

In general, if the target of some operation is a node in /dev then do
try to ensure it (or any part of it) is _not_ mounted. One of the
easiest ways is to use "mount | grep ", e.g.

 mount | grep /dev/sdb

If you don't get any output, then you can be relatively sure that no
part of the physical device /dev/sdb is being used as a filesystem.
--
- Rick Stevens, Systems Engineer, AllDigital ri...@alldigital.com
 -
- AIM/Skype: therps2ICQ: 226437340   Yahoo: origrps2 -
--
- "OK, so you're a Ph.D. Just don't TOUCH anything!" -
--

--
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org 
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org







--
--
- Rick Stevens, Systems Engineer, AllDigitalri...@alldigital.com -
- AIM/Skype: therps2ICQ: 226437340   Yahoo: origrps2 -
--
-   When in doubt, mumble.   -
--
--
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

Re: usb bootable stick

[Tod Merley]

[Rick Stevens wrote:]

If you are unlucky enough to get stuck with a USB thumb drive that has U3
stuff on it, generally they've got it stuffed so that a normal write to
those blocks won't work unless you do some "magic" and delete the U3 stuff
first. If you don't, writing your bootable ISO to it is useless as you
can't overwrite the boot loader on the thumb drive. [end quote]


Even a series of drives that seemed to first not have this sort of thing
(not necessarily U3 but firmware with baggage) seem to later have it or
change the other way around. It is “transparent” to the normal user so why
do they care? To those wishing to use the drive to boot Linux this could be
a game changer...


Other than buy the drive and try it I know of no way to find out ahead of
time.


[Rick Stevens wrote:]

I refuse to buy thumb drives that have that crap on it. God knows what evil
software they've stuffed into it (remember the stupid KVM that had code
that would force your browser to go to a specific website?) [end quote]


I have read that at least at “proof of concept” level they have modified a
drive to “infect” a computer upon insertion. Those who know how to infect
computer firmware – well – a flash drive is probably an easy way in for
them. I never feel safe using thumb drives.


And then there is the performance issue. Optimization information may well
be in the area between the start of the drive and the provided partition.
Change that “front of the drive” soft/firm-ware and you may well slow the
drive to cold molasses levels.


It is not the quickest and easiest way but I seem to have the best luck
simply “shrinking” the provided partition on the drive from the back thus
leaving the front of the drive as it was. Then I do an actual install of
the Linux on the drive using the dive as any other SSD. The results do seem
to consistently perform better.


The biggest problem using Fedora 20 and 22 I have seen while doing this is
the crazy large first update. If the drive and computer are not fast that
can take most of a day. I have much better luck with other distros.


FWIW - I have had some luck loop mounting an ISO contained within the file
system of the main installed Linux from Grub 2 (40_custom 41_custom) and
booting that.


In general I am tending more toward using mSATA SSDs within USB3 containers
for external bootable drives. Not at all free from concern about firmware
but in general cleaner to use and close to price point for a similar size
flash drive. OTOH – not as tiny and easy to carry as a flash drive.
Performance is also much better than a flash drive.

On Fri, Oct 16, 2015 at 6:33 PM, Rick Stevens  wrote:

> On 10/16/2015 02:14 PM, Tod Merley wrote:
>
>> What of the device firmware, boot capability contained therein,
>> performance optimization contained in the section between the front of
>> the drive and the start of the provided partition, and and crazy often
>> auto-mount firmware “CD-ROM” provided as a method of device software
>> availability and possible auto-installation in Windows systems set up to
>> do so?
>>
>
> If you are unlucky enough to get stuck with a USB thumb drive that has
> U3 stuff on it, generally they've got it stuffed so that a normal write
> to those blocks won't work unless you do some "magic" and delete the U3
> stuff first. If you don't, writing your bootable ISO to it is useless
> as you can't overwrite the boot loader on the thumb drive.
>
> I refuse to buy thumb drives that have that crap on it. God knows what
> evil software they've stuffed into it (remember the stupid KVM that
> had code that would force your browser to go to a specific website?)
>
>
>>
>> On Fri, Oct 16, 2015 at 9:43 AM, Rick Stevens > > wrote:
>>
>> On 10/16/2015 02:36 AM, Ranjan Maitra wrote:
>>
>> On Thu, 15 Oct 2015 22:44:20 -0700 Joe Zeff > > wrote:
>>
>> On 10/15/2015 09:14 PM, Ranjan Maitra wrote:
>>
>> No, I would not think so. But if the device is not
>> mounted, would it not write to the mount point,
>> especially because you are doing so as root (so nothing
>> to stop you). This logic seems to make sense to me, and
>> indeed is what happens when I have done it accidentally
>> (without mounting the USB drive).
>>
>>
>> If the device isn't mounted, there's no mount point for the
>> command to
>> write to.
>>
>>
>> Correct. Then where would it write to?
>>
>>
>> If you write to a /dev/sd* node, you write to the raw device whether
>> it's mounted or not. If that device happens to be mounted at the time,
>> then things are going to get very ugly with the mountpoint as the
>> filesystem associated with the mountpoint won't necessarily know about
>> what you've done to the underlying device--the 

Re: usb bootable stick

[Rick Stevens]

On 10/16/2015 02:36 AM, Ranjan Maitra wrote:

On Thu, 15 Oct 2015 22:44:20 -0700 Joe Zeff  wrote:


On 10/15/2015 09:14 PM, Ranjan Maitra wrote:

No, I would not think so. But if the device is not mounted, would it not write 
to the mount point, especially because you are doing so as root (so nothing to 
stop you). This logic seems to make sense to me, and indeed is what happens 
when I have done it accidentally (without mounting the USB drive).


If the device isn't mounted, there's no mount point for the command to
write to.


Correct. Then where would it write to?


If you write to a /dev/sd* node, you write to the raw device whether
it's mounted or not. If that device happens to be mounted at the time,
then things are going to get very ugly with the mountpoint as the
filesystem associated with the mountpoint won't necessarily know about
what you've done to the underlying device--the filesystem's idea of
what's on the device will be different than what's actually on the
device. Some programs do take care to not permit you to write to a
raw device if it's mounted to keep this from happening.

Mountpoints are just directories. If you write to the mountpoint
_without_ any device being mounted there, then you write into the
mountpoint directory as you would any directory. If you then mount a
device at that spot, the contents of the device will hide the content
existing in that mountpoint directory until you unmount the device.
Then the content you wrote to that directory will reappear.

In general, if the target of some operation is a node in /dev then do
try to ensure it (or any part of it) is _not_ mounted. One of the
easiest ways is to use "mount | grep ", e.g.

mount | grep /dev/sdb

If you don't get any output, then you can be relatively sure that no
part of the physical device /dev/sdb is being used as a filesystem.
--
- Rick Stevens, Systems Engineer, AllDigitalri...@alldigital.com -
- AIM/Skype: therps2ICQ: 226437340   Yahoo: origrps2 -
--
- "OK, so you're a Ph.D. Just don't TOUCH anything!" -
--
--
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

Re: usb bootable stick

[Timothy Murphy]

Antonio M wrote:

> what is the easiest way to create a bootable usb stick put of any iso
> file??

I found that Fedora LiveUSB Creator worked OK for me
if I chose the copy or dd option
when installing Fedora-22beta.
It didn't work if I chose the default option.

-- 
Timothy Murphy  
gayleard /at/ eircom.net
School of Mathematics, Trinity College, Dublin


-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

Re: usb bootable stick

[Ranjan Maitra]

On Thu, 15 Oct 2015 08:50:07 +0200 <j.witvl...@mindef.nl> wrote:

> You wrote thatyou first mount the raw sdb device, and then do the dd to the 
> raw device.
> What is the point of mounting in the first place?
> That is useless and even dangerous, as the system _might_ want to try to 
> write to the mounted sdb1 filesystem.
> Just skip the mounting.

In my experience with Fedora (only), I have found that mounting is essential. 
Otherwise it writes to the mount point, but not the device.

Others can clarify. Perhaps little knowledge is dangerous in my case:-(

Ranjan

> 
> -Original Message-
> From: users-boun...@lists.fedoraproject.org 
> [mailto:users-boun...@lists.fedoraproject.org] On Behalf Of Ranjan Maitra
> Sent: donderdag 15 oktober 2015 1:38
> To: Community support for Fedora users
> Subject: Re: usb bootable stick
> 
> Hi, 
> 
> I would use dd. Mount your usb to (say, /dev/sdb1) and then use:
> 
> sudo dd if=boot.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=8M
> 
> Note: not /dev/sdb1
> 
> HTH!
> Ranjan
> 
> 
> On Thu, 15 Oct 2015 00:51:33 +0200
> Antonio M <antonio.montagn...@gmail.com> wrote:
> 
> > what is the easiest way to create a bootable usb stick put of any iso file??
> > 
> > -- 
> > Antonio Montagnani
> > Skype : amontag52
> > 
> > Linux Fedora 22 (Twenty-two)
> > inviato da Gmail
> 
> 
> -- 
> Important Notice: This mailbox is ignored: e-mails are set to be deleted on 
> receipt. Please respond to the mailing list if appropriate. For those needing 
> to send personal or professional e-mail, please use appropriate addresses.
> 
> 
> FREE 3D EARTH SCREENSAVER - Watch the Earth right on your desktop!
> Check it out at http://www.inbox.com/earth
> 
> 
> -- 
> users mailing list
> users@lists.fedoraproject.org
> To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
> https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
> Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
> Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
> Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org
> 
> __
> Dit bericht kan informatie bevatten die niet voor u is bestemd. Indien u niet 
> de geadresseerde bent of dit bericht abusievelijk aan u is toegezonden, wordt 
> u verzocht dat aan de afzender te melden en het bericht te verwijderen. De 
> Staat aanvaardt geen aansprakelijkheid voor schade, van welke aard ook, die 
> verband houdt met risico's verbonden aan het electronisch verzenden van 
> berichten.
> 
> This message may contain information that is not intended for you. If you are 
> not the addressee or if this message was sent to you by mistake, you are 
> requested to inform the sender and delete the message. The State accepts no 
> liability for damage of any kind resulting from the risks inherent in the 
> electronic transmission of messages.
> -- 
> users mailing list
> users@lists.fedoraproject.org
> To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
> https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
> Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
> Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
> Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org


-- 
Important Notice: This mailbox is ignored: e-mails are set to be deleted on 
receipt. Please respond to the mailing list if appropriate. For those needing 
to send personal or professional e-mail, please use appropriate addresses.


TRY FREE IM TOOLPACK at http://www.imtoolpack.com/default.aspx?rc=if5
Capture screenshots, upload images, edit and send them to your friends
through IMs, post on Twitter®, Facebook®, MySpace™, LinkedIn® – FAST!


-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

Re: usb bootable stick

[Heinz Diehl]

On 15.10.2015, Antonio M wrote: 

> what is the easiest way to create a bootable usb stick put of any iso file??

isohybrid image.iso
cat image.iso > /dev/sdx



-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

RE: usb bootable stick

[J.Witvliet]

You wrote thatyou first mount the raw sdb device, and then do the dd to the raw 
device.
What is the point of mounting in the first place?
That is useless and even dangerous, as the system _might_ want to try to write 
to the mounted sdb1 filesystem.
Just skip the mounting.

-Original Message-
From: users-boun...@lists.fedoraproject.org 
[mailto:users-boun...@lists.fedoraproject.org] On Behalf Of Ranjan Maitra
Sent: donderdag 15 oktober 2015 1:38
To: Community support for Fedora users
Subject: Re: usb bootable stick

Hi, 

I would use dd. Mount your usb to (say, /dev/sdb1) and then use:

sudo dd if=boot.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=8M

Note: not /dev/sdb1

HTH!
Ranjan


On Thu, 15 Oct 2015 00:51:33 +0200
Antonio M <antonio.montagn...@gmail.com> wrote:

> what is the easiest way to create a bootable usb stick put of any iso file??
> 
> -- 
> Antonio Montagnani
> Skype : amontag52
> 
> Linux Fedora 22 (Twenty-two)
> inviato da Gmail


-- 
Important Notice: This mailbox is ignored: e-mails are set to be deleted on 
receipt. Please respond to the mailing list if appropriate. For those needing 
to send personal or professional e-mail, please use appropriate addresses.


FREE 3D EARTH SCREENSAVER - Watch the Earth right on your desktop!
Check it out at http://www.inbox.com/earth


-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

__
Dit bericht kan informatie bevatten die niet voor u is bestemd. Indien u niet 
de geadresseerde bent of dit bericht abusievelijk aan u is toegezonden, wordt u 
verzocht dat aan de afzender te melden en het bericht te verwijderen. De Staat 
aanvaardt geen aansprakelijkheid voor schade, van welke aard ook, die verband 
houdt met risico's verbonden aan het electronisch verzenden van berichten.

This message may contain information that is not intended for you. If you are 
not the addressee or if this message was sent to you by mistake, you are 
requested to inform the sender and delete the message. The State accepts no 
liability for damage of any kind resulting from the risks inherent in the 
electronic transmission of messages.
-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

Re: usb bootable stick

[Tim]

 wrote:
>> You wrote thatyou first mount the raw sdb device, and then do the dd
>> to the raw device.
>> What is the point of mounting in the first place?
>> That is useless and even dangerous, as the system _might_ want to try
>> to write to the mounted sdb1 filesystem.
>> Just skip the mounting.

Ranjan Maitra:
> In my experience with Fedora (only), I have found that mounting is
> essential. Otherwise it writes to the mount point, but not the device.

Why would anyone think that a command like:

  dd  if=boot.iso  of=/dev/sdb  bs=8M

Is going to write to anywhere else than /dev/sdb?

In general, trying to do a direct write to a device, while it's mounted
on the filesystem, is inherently risky.  You stand a very good chance
that the mounted filesystem is going to stomp over the top of your raw
write.  The only way I could see it *not* stomping over it, is if you
yanked the USB drive out without dismounting it (another stupid thing to
do).

-- 
[tim@localhost ~]$ uname -rsvp
Linux 3.9.10-100.fc17.x86_64 #1 SMP Sun Jul 14 01:31:27 UTC 2013 x86_64

All mail to my mailbox is automatically deleted, there is no point
trying to privately email me, I will only read messages posted to the
public lists.

Windows (TM) [Typhoid Mary]. They refuse to believe that there's
anything wrong with it, but everyone else knows Windows is a disease
that spreads.



-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

Re: usb bootable stick

[Ranjan Maitra]

> Ranjan Maitra:
> > In my experience with Fedora (only), I have found that mounting is
> > essential. Otherwise it writes to the mount point, but not the device.
> 
> Why would anyone think that a command like:
> 
>   dd  if=boot.iso  of=/dev/sdb  bs=8M
> 
> Is going to write to anywhere else than /dev/sdb?

No, I would not think so. But if the device is not mounted, would it not write 
to the mount point, especially because you are doing so as root (so nothing to 
stop you). This logic seems to make sense to me, and indeed is what happens 
when I have done it accidentally (without mounting the USB drive).
 
> In general, trying to do a direct write to a device, while it's mounted
> on the filesystem, is inherently risky.  You stand a very good chance
> that the mounted filesystem is going to stomp over the top of your raw
> write.  The only way I could see it *not* stomping over it, is if you
> yanked the USB drive out without dismounting it (another stupid thing to
> do).

Agreed to this last point, but not what happened.

I don't know and I am not an expert. However, from experiment, observation and 
inference, I have noticed that unless the usb is mounted, dd does not copy to 
the device. (This happened as recently as last week).

Many thanks and best wishes,
Ranjan


Can't remember your password? Do you need a strong and secure password?
Use Password manager! It stores your passwords & protects your account.
Check it out at http://mysecurelogon.com/manager


-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

Re: usb bootable stick

[Ed Greshko]

On 10/16/2015 12:14 PM, Ranjan Maitra wrote:
> I don't know and I am not an expert. However, from experiment, observation 
> and inference, I have noticed that unless the usb is mounted, dd does not 
> copy to the device. (This happened as recently as last week).

Sure it does

[root@meimei tmp]# cat ones
11
111
11

[root@meimei tmp]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks   Used  Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 4071532  04071532   0% /dev
tmpfs4082428 3278083754620   9% /dev/shm
tmpfs4082428   15204080908   1% /run
tmpfs4082428  04082428   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2   50264772   17507156   30181232  37% /
tmpfs4082428 964082332   1% /tmp
/dev/sdb1  480589520   12122308  444031552   3% /home
/dev/sda1 487652 135783 322173  30% /boot
/dev/sda5  894266040  397001636  451815240  47% /opt
tmpfs 816488  0 816488   0% /run/user/985
ds:/volume1/video 2879621632 1108568832 1770950400  39% /home/egreshko/Videos
tmpfs 816488 28 816460   1% /run/user/1029

[root@meimei tmp]# dd if=ones of=/dev/sdg
0+1 records in
0+1 records out
239 bytes (239 B) copied, 0.00298501 s, 80.1 kB/s

[root@meimei tmp]# cat /dev/sdg | more
11
111
11

"f�f�Vf�f!�uf�r���f�F���fa��b
f�fFf��0�r�>�}U�{Z_
^���>b��<
u��▒���


-- 
In reality, some people should stick to running Windows and others should stay 
away from computers altogether.
-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

Re: usb bootable stick

[Joe Zeff]

On 10/15/2015 09:14 PM, Ranjan Maitra wrote:

No, I would not think so. But if the device is not mounted, would it not write 
to the mount point, especially because you are doing so as root (so nothing to 
stop you). This logic seems to make sense to me, and indeed is what happens 
when I have done it accidentally (without mounting the USB drive).


If the device isn't mounted, there's no mount point for the command to 
write to.

--
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

usb bootable stick

[Antonio M]

what is the easiest way to create a bootable usb stick put of any iso file??

-- 
Antonio Montagnani
Skype : amontag52

Linux Fedora 22 (Twenty-two)
inviato da Gmail
-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

Re: usb bootable stick

[Ranjan Maitra]

Hi, 

I would use dd. Mount your usb to (say, /dev/sdb1) and then use:

sudo dd if=boot.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=8M

Note: not /dev/sdb1

HTH!
Ranjan


On Thu, 15 Oct 2015 00:51:33 +0200
Antonio M  wrote:

> what is the easiest way to create a bootable usb stick put of any iso file??
> 
> -- 
> Antonio Montagnani
> Skype : amontag52
> 
> Linux Fedora 22 (Twenty-two)
> inviato da Gmail


-- 
Important Notice: This mailbox is ignored: e-mails are set to be deleted on 
receipt. Please respond to the mailing list if appropriate. For those needing 
to send personal or professional e-mail, please use appropriate addresses.


FREE 3D EARTH SCREENSAVER - Watch the Earth right on your desktop!
Check it out at http://www.inbox.com/earth


-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

Re: usb bootable stick

[Porfirio Andres Paiz Carrasco]

2015-10-14 16:51 GMT-06:00 Antonio M :
> what is the easiest way to create a bootable usb stick put of any iso file??
>
The easiest way to create a bootable usb stick is using fedora live usb creator:
dnf info liveusb-creator-3.14.2-1.fc22.noarch # To read info.

For installing:
su -c 'dnf install liveusb-creator-3.14.2-1.fc22.noarch'

After installing it, you just need to run it with administrator
privilege, select de usb that you will use, select the patch to the
iso file, and the copy method:

1. Destructive (equivalent to dd) or
2. non-destructive (extracting the contents of the iso file directly
to the usb file system).

The destructive option offer support for the UEFI boot mode.

> --
> Antonio Montagnani
> Skype : amontag52
>
> Linux Fedora 22 (Twenty-two)
> inviato da Gmail
>
> --
> users mailing list
> users@lists.fedoraproject.org
> To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
> https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
> Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
> Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
> Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org
>
-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org

Re: usb bootable stick

[Jack Craig]

fedora's live-creator has always worked well for me. YMMV

On Wed, Oct 14, 2015 at 3:51 PM, Antonio M 
wrote:

> what is the easiest way to create a bootable usb stick put of any iso
> file??
>
> --
> Antonio Montagnani
> Skype : amontag52
>
> Linux Fedora 22 (Twenty-two)
> inviato da Gmail
>
> --
> users mailing list
> users@lists.fedoraproject.org
> To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
> https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
> Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
> Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
> Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org
>
>
-- 
users mailing list
users@lists.fedoraproject.org
To unsubscribe or change subscription options:
https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users
Fedora Code of Conduct: http://fedoraproject.org/code-of-conduct
Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines
Have a question? Ask away: http://ask.fedoraproject.org