Re: [Vo]:Star Flashers
Robin van Spaandonk wrote: In reply to Jones Beene's message of Thu, 24 May 2007 09:58:18 -0700: There may be a simpler explanation:- O16 + D -> F18 + 7.5 MeV F18 decays to O18. This would require circumstances which favor the rapid formation of D. (Rapid compression of lots of Hy?). Hpw about O16 plus a deuteron -> F18 --- http://USFamily.Net/dialup.html - $8.25/mo! -- http://www.usfamily.net/dsl.html - $19.99/mo! ---
[Vo]:New Hydrogen Storage Medium
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/05/070523113841.htm
[Vo]:More on Gravimagnetism and the Pioneer Anomaly
Hello Frank, Just passing this along - even though I don't expect you to read it any time soon! A discussion of gravimagnetism and the Pioneer Anomaly is again located at the end of: http://mtaonline.net/~hheffner/FullGravimag.pdf It is proposed that the Lorentz force from the ambient gravimagnetic field of the galaxy is the primary underlying cause for the Pioneer Anomaly. A new approach was used - the Pioneer 10 and 11 data was used to calculate the magnitude of the ambient galactic gravimagnetic field. It all seems a bit unlikely, but the pieces of the puzzle do come together pretty well. Horace
[Vo]:More on Gravimagnetism and the Pioneer Anomaly
A discussion of gravimagnetism and the Pioneer Anomaly is again located at the end of: http://mtaonline.net/~hheffner/FullGravimag.pdf It is proposed that the Lorentz force from the ambient gravimagnetic field of the galaxy is the primary underlying cause for the Pioneer Anomaly. A new approach was used - the Pioneer 10 and 11 data was used to calculate the magnitude of the ambient galactic gravimagnetic field. It all seems a bit unlikely, but the pieces of the puzzle do come together pretty well. Regards, Horace Heffner
Re: [Vo]:Star Flashers
Jones Beene wrote: No ... its not another Paris Hilton undressing this time. Rats! - Jed
Re: [Vo]:Star Flashers
In reply to Jones Beene's message of Thu, 24 May 2007 09:58:18 -0700: Hi, [snip] >Then there is the problem of 'rithmatic. Adding alphas to carbon to get >to 18O seems to be utterly impossible without three body reactions and >free neutrons. > >Yet -- a quick look at the transmutation products, which are often found >in LENR matrix 'condensed-matter' reactions, which includes deuterium in >a Pd matrix, indicates that many of these rare isotopes - are the end >products of multiples of alpha particles. How they got that way is >anybodies' guess. Three particle reactions may be common in condensed >matter or else the femptosecond intermediary is there - which has >'plenty of time' to re-react. A femptosecond at sub-angstrom dimensions >is a rather long time, comparatively. There may be a simpler explanation:- O16 + D -> F18 + 7.5 MeV F18 decays to O18. This would require circumstances which favor the rapid formation of D. (Rapid compression of lots of Hy?). Regards, Robin van Spaandonk The shrub is a plant.
Re: [Vo]:Star Flashers
Jones wrote, If one were to rely too heavily on 'earthbound' plasma physics, as presented at the University level - and not have been exposed to the past 18 years of 'fringe' physics (pathological science) which is found in LENR, then some of what I have glossed over (in the interest of shorter postings) will be confusing (or even sound ridiculous). Howdy Jones, A change is occurring in universities across the USA. The new crop of engineering student is profoundly more asture, moral and skeptical of the present hierarchy ( professors) generally. Only the non-political top science professors can gain their ear. Remarkably, there is a increasing larger segment of the engineering school students that have " off campus" science activities and are up on LENR. Many hold part time jobs at the nearby science research park. The demand by industry for interns exceed the supply. Hope for the future Richard
Re: [Vo]:Star Flashers
R.C.Macaulay wrote: some of your posts get sent on to a few students I mentor at Texas A&M. Whiz kids with sponge minds. In that case, perhaps I should be more precise, or add a few more disclaimers along the way. It is easy to assume too much or too little background for some of this speculation. If one were to rely too heavily on 'earthbound' plasma physics, as presented at the University level - and not have been exposed to the past 18 years of 'fringe' physics (pathological science) which is found in LENR, then some of what I have glossed over (in the interest of shorter postings) will be confusing (or even sound ridiculous). First of all - there is the little problem of getting any nuclear reaction to happen involving helium, oxygen or carbon. These are very stable nuclei in the normal earth environment, and require massive amounts of energy input from accelerators to react. Next there is the problem of the "three-body" reaction - which is exceedingly rare in plasmas at 1 g. Then there is the problem of 'rithmatic. Adding alphas to carbon to get to 18O seems to be utterly impossible without three body reactions and free neutrons. Yet -- a quick look at the transmutation products, which are often found in LENR matrix 'condensed-matter' reactions, which includes deuterium in a Pd matrix, indicates that many of these rare isotopes - are the end products of multiples of alpha particles. How they got that way is anybodies' guess. Three particle reactions may be common in condensed matter or else the femptosecond intermediary is there - which has 'plenty of time' to re-react. A femptosecond at sub-angstrom dimensions is a rather long time, comparatively. ERGO the speculation presented - which is based on astrophysics mixed with wild conjecture and past LENR results - to some degree - may be somewhat (actually hugely) more indicative of what might happen in the confined matrix, then what might happen in a low density plasma. Think of it this way: Frank Grimer has tossed around some numbers based upon how he envisions 'virtual' containment in a hierarchical aether, and in the beta-aether state which is in the angstrom to fractional subangstrom geometric range - there are equivalent 'pressures' (compreture) of up to, and even above 100,000 bar. Not quite in the range of some stars but perhaps enough "equivalent confinemnet" when the temperature is also low - to equal what may be happening in variable stars (i.e. RCB or R Coronae Borealis) types of stars. One can effectively confine reactive particles (reduce the degrees or axes of freedom) easier with lack of heat, then with great heat. Jones
Re: [Vo]:Star Flashers
Jones wrote, Turns out, the C60 Fullerene can encapsulate a helium molecule - which unfortunately is the same a helium atom, so it is not confined and can easily escape the carbon cage - at STP. However, at very low temperature, strange things begin to happen with helium as it approaches the BEC state... there is reason to believe that before those extreme conditions are reached, in a solution of liquid helium fully loaded and pressurized with C60 - that condition may be ripe for 'many' molecules to be contained within the very strong matrix of the carbon cage- such that, with sudden irradiation (using a pulsed beam from an accelerator) with photons at a resonance level, or perhaps with electrons, this might result in a proportion of that target undergoing fusion of carbon and helium to 18O. Howdy Jones, May not surprise you to know that some of your posts get sent on to a few students I mentor at Texas A&M. Whiz kids with sponge minds. Their comment.. more more more !! Richard
[Vo]:H2 production
On board hydrogen production at reduced cost: http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchArticle.action?articleURI=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.456 OR http://tinyurl.com/2n6l86 "High-Yield Hydrogen Production from Starch and Water by a Synthetic Enzymatic Pathway"
[Vo]:Star Flashers
No ... its not another Paris Hilton undressing this time. But sometimes there is a hidden message in real stars ... waiting there for us mortals to try to discern. As stars age and convert the bulk of their hydrogen into helium - a "Helium flash" is poised to occur - this is the sudden ignition of much of the helium (alpha particles) in older intermediate mass stars. It is not-quite a "nova". The explosive nature of the helium ignition arises from the reaction taking place in so-called 'degenerate matter.' Degeneracy pressure is a function of increasing core density, which is brought-on by the gradual accumulation of denser nuclei than hydrogen, and this feature can suddenly come to dominate thermal-pressure or 'compreture' (product of density and temperature)- which is the Boyles law relationship: PV = k. Once the stellar compreture reaches a threshold and the gas is no longer close to 'ideal' then helium fusion can begin but in a more demanding PV regime. At this stage, the temperature rapidly increases which further increases the helium fusion rate and expands the reaction region, but the pressure does not increase (because of degeneracy), so there is no stabilizing (cooling) expansion of the core. This creates a runaway reaction, and in a 'nova' - the energy output quickly climbs to ~100 billion times the star's normal energy production (for a few seconds) until the increased temperature and lost mass again renders thermal pressure dominant, eliminating the degeneracy. There could be a direct corollary here with LENR (of the loaded metal matrix variety) -- in that the matrix effective pressure is independent of temperature, up until fusion occurs. Is that a hidden message? Maybe, and at the end of this, I will suggest one practical interpretation of it. Anyway, all of this is a preamble for further 16O/18O ratio rambling speculation, due to the coincidental release of a new astrophysics paper. Title: "Very Large Excesses of 18O in Hydrogen-Deficient Carbon and R Coronae Borealis Stars" Author: Clayton, G C et al. Abstract: The authors have found that seven hydrogen-deficient carbon (HdC) stars, which have 16O/18O ratios close to and in some cases less than unity, values that are orders of magnitude lower than measured in other stars (the Solar value is 500). The authors are not proposing the exact mechanism involved for the 18O, which I suspect is a similar mechanism to one which may be employed for energy production on earth: C + He(alpha) + 1MeV --> 18O In the case of intermediate mass stars, the helium flash may be the formative precursor of the 18O anomaly, since the star already has lots of carbon and plenty of 1MeV gammas. Finally, to cut to the chase. How could anything like this kind of degeneracy occur in the confines of a LENR laboratory? Simple, Watson... so long as one secures a supply of so-called Bucky-balls (C-60). Turns out, the C60 Fullerene can encapsulate a helium molecule - which unfortunately is the same a helium atom, so it is not confined and can easily escape the carbon cage - at STP. However, at very low temperature, strange things begin to happen with helium as it approaches the BEC state... there is reason to believe that before those extreme conditions are reached, in a solution of liquid helium fully loaded and pressurized with C60 - that condition may be ripe for 'many' molecules to be contained within the very strong matrix of the carbon cage- such that, with sudden irradiation (using a pulsed beam from an accelerator) with photons at a resonance level, or perhaps with electrons, this might result in a proportion of that target undergoing fusion of carbon and helium to 18O. Sounds preposterous without the stellar model to show us that this is an expected situation with a surprisingly small resonance. Talk about "Fire from Ice" carried to the nth degree - the extremes cold. The downside is that the energy balance might not be (likely is not) favorable- at least to the extent to make this concept work for a marketable energy device - other than to prove that that an abnormal amount of heavy-O's is the expected result of a star's undressing (via the helium flash). Jones
