Thanks for this answer!
Peter
On Tue, Jun 23, 2015 at 4:28 PM, Jones Beene jone...@pacbell.net wrote:
From Peter Gluck’s blog
*Identifying the Problem is a crucial step*
There’s been discussion about resonance, coherence and cavity
oscillators in the context of the Hot-Cat. The related question is
whether the ceramic tube is required for some unknown reason, and if so –
can it can be optimized by geometry? Obviously, thermal stability is one
benefit of ceramics. Since Rossi has used at least three different form
factors with the Hot-Cat, and the claimed COP has gone down instead of up
- according to his own statements – he may have downplayed the issue of
resonance
(due to cavity oscillation) as being harder to control at high temperature
.
But there could be a place for a resonant reactor design in a lower
temperature regime. One detail worth noting, in the design of any
hydrogen reactor when the goal is achieving resonance, is identifying the
kind of resonance. It would be a mistake to assume that only EM resonance is
the
answer to the problem. Phonon resonance is arguably more important in
LENR - the entire subfield of sonofusion is built on phonon resonance.
Magnetic
waves will be assumed to be a subset of phonon resonance.
It would be ideal to match up the two– phonon (magnon) and photon
wavelengths – and arrive at a resonant standing wave design which is
mutually reinforcing. In fact, the general size of these reactors is one
of the few possible ranges where EM waves and sound waves can reasonably
share a common wavelength – and there is one candidate that stands out – 21
cm. Larger and smaller geometries are harder to match.
One way to think about this is by example. Let’s say we want to exploit a
known resonance level for hydrogen. The ultimate goal doesn’t need to be
fusion, necessarily, and we should assume that protons in resonance can
better achieve thermal gain in several different ways – such as through
manipulation of electron angular momentum, or the zero point field, or
sequential Lamb shift (QED), or QCD mass depletion of gluons, etc. (the
usual suspects).
The most notable resonant wavelength for hydrogen is 21 cm- the Universe
is bathed in microwaves of this and similar frequencies – the CMB. With
this glaring fact all around us, it could be no accident that the axial
dimension of the E-Cats is in this range. Is that merely luck, or was it
planned that way?
In the case of the Lugano device, we should be more likely to achieve EM
resonance for hydrogen if a larger diameter tube was to be implemented (say
quarter wavelength, or 5.25 cm.) The “pre-Lugano” hot cat was indeed in
this diameter range and also had a higher claimed COP. Why change?
(possible answer: going smaller to avoid runaway)
*http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XuKgtxpqL9U/UYQSyPJP-OI/JYI/96mRUBJjs1w/s1600/hot-cat.JPG*
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XuKgtxpqL9U/UYQSyPJP-OI/JYI/96mRUBJjs1w/s1600/hot-cat.JPG
This 21 cm wavelength corresponds to GHz photon radiation (1420 MHz) but
apparently
no one has seen this kind of radiation in the Lugano or other similar
experiments.
GHz radiation would promote the Lamb shift, which is one of several ways
that thermal gain could enter the system. Any competent research team
would have looked for GHz because of the negative health issues – and we
can be fairly certain none was seen or used, since at any rate, alumina
will not contain or reflect microwaves in this range.
One of the most respected physicists to support cold fusion was Julian
Schwinger, whose name is associated with the Lamb Shift and QED.
Microwaves would be ideal to maximize a sequential Lamb shift spin-flip
reaction, in a hydrogen reactor, but curiously – have not been considered
relevant in the past, since the energy per “flip” is very low - and the
reverse reaction may not be asymmetric in a closed loop system.
Few theorists have reasoned that a ringing-Lamb-shift which would be
happening at THz frequency and is asymmetric – powered by the zero point
field – is feasible, since it is a different beast from fusion – the
default assumption. However, the net energy derived spin-flipping could
be substantial - even larger than normal nuclear energy since there is
no dependence on the mass of reactants. Several prominent names turn up
in LENR history for past advocacy of a Lamb shift modality, instead of
fusion, but it is a definite minority view.
In a future post, it will be shown that the same 21 cm wavelength for
hydrogen photon emission due to spin flipping can be achieved at an
ultrasonic frequency for phonons. This ultrasound would be in the 25kHz to
50 KHz range (predicated by the speed of sound in the media). In the
simplest case, this frequency is available using SCRs… which can be seen in
many Rossi photos. Coincidental?
All of this leads in to the question of the day for revisionist LENR
theory. If 21 cm
