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Sent: Wednesday, November 28, 2001 11:36 PM
Subject: U.S. - Beyond Afghanistan


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>                             S T R A T F O R
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>                     THE GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE COMPANY
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>    28 November 2001
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> THE GLOBAL INTELLIGENCE REPORT - FULL TEXT FOR MEMBERS ONLY
>
>   -> ON OUR WEBSITE TODAY FOR MEMBERS ONLY:
>
>       * Beyond Afghanistan, War Theater Will Be Diffuse
>       http://www.stratfor.com/northamerica/commentary/0111282230.htm
>
>       * Russia Central Bank Directive Harms Europe
>       http://www.stratfor.com/CIS/commentary/0111282150.htm
>
>       * Somali Power Grab May Give Cover for U.S. Special Ops
>       http://www.stratfor.com/africa/commentary/0111282100.htm
>
> ___________________________________________________________________
>
> Beyond Afghanistan, War Theater Will Be Diffuse
>
> Summary
>
> U.S. President George W. Bush recently warned Iraq and North
> Korea against producing or selling weapons of mass destruction.
> The statements have raised speculations that these nations may be
> the targets in Phase Two in the war on terrorism. Although
> debates still rage within the administration, the next phase of
> the war is unlikely to include another major military strike.
> Instead, it will focus on destroying terrorist cells around the
> world through military and intelligence assistance, special
> operations and economic and police actions.
>
> Analysis
>
> U.S. President George W. Bush warned Iraq and North Korea on Nov.
> 26 that Washington might view their weapons programs as
> contributing to international terrorism. Responding to a question
> about Iraq, Bush said countries developing "weapons of mass
> destruction that will be used to terrorize nations ... will be
> held accountable," according to the Associated Press, and he
> cautioned Pyongyang against proliferation, saying, "Part of the
> war on terror is to deny terrorists weapons."
>
> Bush's comments have heightened already rampant speculation that
> the United States may set its military sights on Iraq or even
> North Korea as the war in Afghanistan winds down. Despite rumored
> debates within the administration, a major military strike on
> another nation is unlikely in the near future. Rather, Phase Two
> in the war on terrorism will involve low-key attacks on terrorist
> cells and support networks through military and intelligence
> assistance, special operations and economic and police actions.
>
> Washington's ultimate goal in the war is to prevent any future
> attack on U.S. soil or against U.S. assets abroad. Its first
> priority, then, is to destroy the operational capabilities of the
> al Qaeda network, which is believed to have facilitated the Sept.
> 11 attacks on New York and Washington. Al Qaeda's diffuse
> structure means Washington's next battle, which has already
> begun, is taking place in the broader global arena, where cells
> and coordination nodes have been little affected by the fighting
> in Afghanistan.
>
> The idea of follow-on military action in Iraq, Somalia, Sudan or
> even North Korea has been bantered about since Sept. 11. Iraq in
> particular was the subject of intense speculation, both for
> alleged links to al Qaeda and contact with one of the Sept. 11
> hijackers and because of the connections between the current U.S.
> administration and that of former President George Bush, who
> prosecuted the 1991 war against Iraq.
>
> U.S. media have been rife with rumors and leaks of a heated
> debate between the Defense and State departments regarding the
> dangers and opportunities of "finishing" the work of the former
> Bush administration: fomenting the downfall of Iraqi President
> Saddam Hussein. State Department officials are concerned that an
> assault on Iraq would only weaken the tenuous coalition against
> terrorism -- particularly among Washington's Islamic partners,
> whose cooperation is vital to tracking down and breaking
> terrorist cells and communications networks.
>
> More recently, Washington has floated North Korea as another
> potential target. North Korea is accused of producing and storing
> biological weapons and developing and selling missiles to clients
> in the Middle East. More important, from a political viewpoint,
> targeting Pyongyang would bolster Washington's case that the war
> on terrorism is not a war on Islam.
>
> Despite the debate over what to do once operations in Afghanistan
> wind down, it is unlikely that any major military operation will
> take place soon. Politically, striking Iraq would threaten
> cooperation from other Arab and Islamic nations. The Arab League
> and Syria already have sternly warned Washington that any attack
> on Iraq or another Arab nation would lead to the dissolution of
> the coalition. Even Egypt has indirectly cautioned the United
> States against striking Iraq.
>
> Logistically, an attack on Iraq, beyond a slight intensification
> of the day-to-day bombings in the northern and southern no-fly
> zones, would take months to prepare. As for North Korea, the one
> potential political benefit -- demonstrating Washington is not
> solely targeting Islamic nations -- would be far outweighed by
> the political backlash from South Korea, China and even Russia
> and Japan.
>
> Instead, while Washington is issuing not-so-veiled threats
> against Baghdad and Pyongyang, the real operations of Phase Two
> are already under way. By warning "rogue nations" and other
> countries that might consider aiding terrorists, Washington hopes
> to scare them into compliance. At the same time, the United
> States is working with nations around the world to track down,
> disrupt and liquidate terrorist cells and their communications
> and financial networks.
>
> This second phase of the war, which began at the same time if not
> before the attacks on Afghanistan, will be more clandestine and
> less media-friendly than the bombings of Kabul. Information in
> this phase of the war will trickle and seep out, appearing
> perhaps as many unrelated incidents. Far from being
> uncoordinated, however, this broader international phase involves
> close cooperation and intelligence-sharing among the United
> States and its coalition partners.
>
> Phase Two comprises everything from shutting down bank accounts
> and financial networks to small-scale special operations strikes
> on suspected terrorist camps or coordination nodes. It also
> includes a heavy emphasis on getting other nations to take the
> primary role in cracking down on terrorists and their supporters
> within their own borders. U.S. military aid to the Philippines is
> a key example of this.
>
> Although Washington is sending advisers to Manila, it is relying
> on the Philippine government and armed forces to actually
> prosecute the war against the Abu Sayyaf militants and rogue
> elements of the Moro National Liberation Front, which are
> suspected of ties to al Qaeda and Egyptian terrorist groups. In
> other countries, such as Tanzania and Ethiopia, Washington is
> coordinating massive debt-forgiveness programs to help buy the
> support of local governments. Other African nations, such as
> Kenya, are also potential recipients of debt forgiveness.
>
> In Sudan, Washington's special envoy is working with the
> government to bring about an end to nearly two decades of civil
> war. Washington's relationship with Khartoum has been slowly
> improving over the past year as the government seeks to shed its
> label as a sponsor of terrorism and avoid being targeted again by
> U.S. cruise missiles.
>
> Europe, too, is catching suspected terrorists, detaining those
> thought linked to al Qaeda or the Sept. 11 attacks and shutting
> down bank accounts and financial networks believed to support
> terrorism. Even as financial and law enforcement agencies carry
> out much of Phase Two, discrete military actions remain likely,
> though on a small scale.
>
> Defense planners have suggested targeted strikes against
> terrorist training camps and bases, either by missiles and bombs
> or by special operations teams on the ground. Other possibilities
> include high-seas interceptions of arms and personnel shipments
> between terrorist cells, particularly in Africa, the Middle East
> and Asia. Washington also is calling on Europe to participate in
> small, joint military operations in areas where governments may
> be unwilling or unable to root out terrorist operations.
>
> The fighting in Afghanistan is still far from over, and a
> resolution even after the last Taliban stronghold falls will be
> difficult. And the destruction of the Taliban was simply a means
> to an end, not a goal in itself. Washington's primary objective
> is to annihilate the operational capabilities of international
> terrorist organizations in order to protect U.S. soil and assets.
> Part of that means ensuring no nations give sanctuary, overtly or
> tacitly, to terrorists.
>
> Although totally eliminating a threat against the United States
> is impossible, Washington is taking the war to the terrorists --
> hitting them simultaneously around the world and thus
> undercutting their ability to regroup, formulate or carry out
> planned attacks. Ultimately, Washington may find it expedient to
> carry out another large-scale military strike against a nation-
> state like Iraq or Somalia. Such an operation, however, would
> come only after all other means of denying terrorists sanctuary
> in these nations had been exhausted.
>
> This, however, remains a long way off.
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