Hi all:

This has come up before in this venue, but it bears periodic repetition.

Sabine's Gull (SAGU) is the longest-distance migrant gull breeding in North 
America, wintering in the Humboldt Current along western South America and at 
the southern extremity of Africa.  As such, like many another 
very-long-distance migrant species, they conduct all of their molting on the 
winter grounds -- there just isn't enough time in the Arctic to manage that.

Sabine's Gull is a two-year gull, that is, it becomes an adult in its second 
year when roughly 17-19 months old.

Many/most first-cycle SAGUs stay on the winter grounds during their first 
summer, but, regardless, all these birds molt on the winter grounds.  
Additionally, those that do head north in their first spring/summer, spend that 
time at sea, not necessarily near the breeding grounds.

While occasional second-cycle SAGUs don't quite get to complete definitive 
plumage in their second year, they get very close and are not particulalry 
easily distinguished as such in the field, without close scrutiny of their 
outer primaries.

With all of the above, one can infer that the vast majority of the SAGUs 
traversing Colorado in fall would be juveniles (2-3 months old) and adults (>25 
months old).  Additionally, there should only be two plumage classes: Juvenal 
(= First Basic) and Definitive Alternate (adult breeding).  Should CO be lucky 
enough to host a one-year-old, it would be in Formative plumage.

The bottom line:  virtually all (if not all) younger-than-adult SABUs occurring 
in CO are juveniles and all adults there are in Definitive Alternate plumage.

Finally, as I've noted before in this venue, the term "immature" should really 
be reserved for situations in which it is/was impossible to determine the 
precise age of a bird younger than an adult.  Since all such SAGUs occurring in 
CO are juveniles (in Juvenal = First Basic plumage), we should call them 
juveniles.  Additionally, any non-juvenile SAGU that is not obviously in 
Definitive Alternate in CO is not only worthy of exclamation points in any post 
to Cobirds, but is also easily termed a one-year-old or a bird in Formative 
plumage.  Since the determination of a SAGU as a juvenile is so 
straightforward, when one calls a SAGU an immature in CO, some of us might leap 
to the inference that it is not a juvenile and we might just rush right out to 
look at the beastie, with the resultant annoyance when it turns out to be 
"just" another juvenile.

Sincerely,

Tony Leukering
Villas, NJ

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