There are 14 messages in this issue.
Topics in this digest:
1a. Re: Nations (was: Reviving dying languages through conlanging?)
From: Charlie Brickner
1b. Re: Nations (was: Reviving dying languages through conlanging?)
From: Roger Mills
1c. Re: Nations (was: Reviving dying languages through conlanging?)
From: Christophe Grandsire-Koevoets
1d. Re: Nations (was: Reviving dying languages through conlanging?)
From: Douglas Koller
2a. Re: Nations
From: Paul Schleitwiler, FCM
3.1. Re: Reviving dying languages through conlanging?
From: R A Brown
4a. Allophony in Siye
From: Anthony Miles
4b. Re: Allophony in Siye
From: Alex Fink
4c. Re: Allophony in Siye
From: Anthony Miles
4d. Re: Allophony in Siye
From: Roger Mills
4e. Re: Allophony in Siye
From: Alex Fink
5a. Re: If you only had 16 characters per day... (a language for Streetp
From: Anthony Miles
6a. Re: Conjunction Curiosity
From: A. da Mek
6b. Re: Conjunction Curiosity
From: Charles W Brickner
Messages
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1a. Re: Nations (was: Reviving dying languages through conlanging?)
Posted by: "Charlie Brickner" caeruleancent...@yahoo.com
Date: Tue Aug 7, 2012 11:26 am ((PDT))
>ObConlang: in Moten....In any case, it doesn't have
>the sociological baggage that the word "nation" has.
>What words do your conlangs use to describe this complex area?
I always appreciate these vocabulary questions. They often give me a chance to
organize and solidify the lexicon entries.
In this case we have five words:kyúnas, rémas, béjus, leúðus, and teútus.
1. “kyúnas” means ‘land’ in the sense of “a district or region inhabited by a
particular people”. (Definitions from the AHD) The original sense applied to
the homelands of the Six Loquent Peoples, each of whom was assigned a
particular ecosystem as their land. Boundaries were fluid, influenced by
geoIogical and other forces. Today it is used to translate ‘country’ or
‘nation’. It is also the root noun in naming particular sovereign states,
e.g., àsuṙĸyúnas, land of the Assyrians, Assyria; bòiĸyúnas, land of the Boii,
Bohemia (Czech Republic); soþĸyúnas, land of the Sotho, Lesotho. It is in the
group of abstract nouns since, in a sense, one doesn’t “perceive” the nation.
One “perceives” people, buildings, streets, trees, etc. ‘kyunémos’ is a
compound formed with “némos”, ‘part’ to translate ‘state’ or ‘province’.
2. “réṁas” means ‘land’ in the sense of “a district outside of cities and
towns; rural area”. It also translates as ‘country’ or ‘countryside’. It is
an abstract noun from the verb “réṁa”, ‘expand, extend”.
3. “béjus” means ‘people’ in the sense of “human beings considered as distinct
from lower animals. It refers to the Six Loquent Peoples. Today it is used to
translate ‘humanity’ or ‘man(kind)’. It is in the group of personal nouns
since it connotes living, breathing beings.
4. “leúðus” means ‘people' in the sense of “a body of persons sharing a common
religion, culture, language or inherited condition of life”. It is in the
group of personal nouns since it connotes living, breathing beings.
5. “teútus” means ‘people’ in the sense of ‘those of a specified group or
kind’. It also translates ‘folk’, ‘race’, or ‘ethnic group'. Thus, it would
be used, e.g., to translate ‘nation’ in reference to the American Indians in
the sense of the Indian Nations. It is in the group of personal nouns since it
connotes living, breathing beings.
Charlie
Messages in this topic (12)
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1b. Re: Nations (was: Reviving dying languages through conlanging?)
Posted by: "Roger Mills" romi...@yahoo.com
Date: Tue Aug 7, 2012 2:08 pm ((PDT))
I've never been satisfied with the Kash word for 'nation'-- içinin-- or içingar
'homeland'. I think I originally derived them from içiñ [iSiN] 'island' because
my Kash language was spoken widely on a large island.This thread has inspired
me to revise..... hardly for the first time-- but it's going to take some
thought. Stay tuned. :-)))
I see the term is also lacking in Gwr; Prevli has tambin, a compound
/taN+pina/, lit.'big+land' -- inalienable as tambinta 'our land' with ref. to
their own "nation/ethnic group", and thus comparable to your #5 "teútus"; but
alienable when referring to other peoples' nations e.g. "kaftu diez tambin"
'nation of Kavatu (a Kash nation)' (lit. Kavatu has big-land)
Otherwise, Charlie, your words are thought-provoking.
--- On Tue, 8/7/12, Charlie Brickner <caeruleancent...@yahoo.com> wrote:
I always appreciate these vocabulary questions. They often give me a chance to
organize and solidify the lexicon entries.
In this case we have five words:kyúnas, rémas, béjus, leúðus, and teútus.
1. “kyúnas” means ‘land’ in the sense of “a district or region inhabited by a
particular people”. (Definitions from the AHD) The original sense applied to
the homelands of the Six Loquent Peoples, each of whom was assigned a
particular ecosystem as their land. Boundaries were fluid, influenced by
geoIogical and other forces. Today it is used to translate ‘country’ or
‘nation’. It is also the root noun in naming particular sovereign states,
e.g., àsuṙĸyúnas, land of the Assyrians, Assyria; bòiĸyúnas, land of the Boii,
Bohemia (Czech Republic); soþĸyúnas, land of the Sotho, Lesotho. It is in the
group of abstract nouns since, in a sense, one doesn’t “perceive” the nation.
One “perceives” people, buildings, streets, trees, etc. ‘kyunémos’ is a
compound formed with “némos”, ‘part’ to translate ‘state’ or ‘province’.
2. “réṁas” means ‘land’ in the sense of “a district outside of cities and
towns; rural area”. It also translates as ‘country’ or ‘countryside’. It is
an abstract noun from the verb “réṁa”, ‘expand, extend”.
3. “béjus” means ‘people’ in the sense of “human beings considered as distinct
from lower animals. It refers to the Six Loquent Peoples. Today it is used to
translate ‘humanity’ or ‘man(kind)’. It is in the group of personal nouns
since it connotes living, breathing beings.
4. “leúðus” means ‘people' in the sense of “a body of persons sharing a common
religion, culture, language or inherited condition of life”. It is in the
group of personal nouns since it connotes living, breathing beings.
5. “teútus” means ‘people’ in the sense of ‘those of a specified group or
kind’. It also translates ‘folk’, ‘race’, or ‘ethnic group'. Thus, it would
be used, e.g., to translate ‘nation’ in reference to the American Indians in
the sense of the Indian Nations. It is in the group of personal nouns since it
connotes living, breathing beings.
Charlie
Messages in this topic (12)
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1c. Re: Nations (was: Reviving dying languages through conlanging?)
Posted by: "Christophe Grandsire-Koevoets" tsela...@gmail.com
Date: Tue Aug 7, 2012 2:14 pm ((PDT))
On 7 August 2012 18:01, A. da Mek <a.da_m...@ufoni.cz> wrote:
>
> And what language is used in audio media; for example by speakers of TV
> news or by actors in movies? Is it some conservative variant fixed to the
> written form, or is it this modern spoken variant, or maybe some compromise
> between them?
TV anchors basically *read* the news (literally: they use a teleprompter),
and the news are written in a form of Written French that is somewhat less
conservative than what you find in books (for instance, they don't use the
simple past, only the compound past). It's basically the same form of
French used for anything that is meant to be read aloud: mostly Written
French, but with some Spoken French elements. In any case, its influence on
the day-to-day speech of people is nihil: it sounds like reading aloud, so
it feels very artificial when used in other contexts.
As for actors, it depends on the film. I've seen French films where people
spoke exactly like you'd hear them on the street, and others where they
sounded like they were reciting rather than talking (which was quite
jarring). There isn't just *one* actor register.
In any case, the influence of Written French on Spoken French is very
limited at best, basically to some vocabulary in formal spoken registers.
On the other hand, the influence of Spoken French on Written French can
definitely be felt (Académie Française notwithstanding). The simple past
tense, which was the main archaising feature of Written French, for
instance, is definitely on its way out in written texts, replaced with the
compound past tense.
You could say that Written French is failing to keep Spoken French from
moving. Instead, Spoken French is dragging Written French along, although
the latter is resisting fiercely.
--
Christophe Grandsire-Koevoets.
http://christophoronomicon.blogspot.com/
http://www.christophoronomicon.nl/
Messages in this topic (12)
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1d. Re: Nations (was: Reviving dying languages through conlanging?)
Posted by: "Douglas Koller" douglaskol...@hotmail.com
Date: Tue Aug 7, 2012 2:53 pm ((PDT))
> Date: Tue, 7 Aug 2012 14:26:20 -0400
> From: caeruleancent...@yahoo.com
> Subject: Re: Nations (was: Reviving dying languages through conlanging?)
> To: conl...@listserv.brown.edu
(From Christophe)
> >ObConlang: in Moten....In any case, it doesn't have
> >the sociological baggage that the word "nation" has.
> >What words do your conlangs use to describe this complex area?
> I always appreciate these vocabulary questions. They often give me a chance
> to organize and solidify the lexicon entries.
I hear that.
> In this case we have five words:kyúnas, rémas, béjus, leúðus, and teútus.
> 1. “kyúnas” means ‘land’ in the sense of “a district or region inhabited by a
> particular people”. (Definitions from the AHD) The original sense applied to
> the homelands of the Six Loquent Peoples, each of whom was assigned a
> particular ecosystem as their land. Boundaries were fluid, influenced by
> geoIogical and other forces. Today it is used to translate ‘country’ or
> ‘nation’. It is also the root noun in naming particular sovereign states,
> e.g., àsuṙĸyúnas, land of the Assyrians, Assyria; bòiĸyúnas, land of the
> Boii, Bohemia (Czech Republic); soþĸyúnas, land of the Sotho, Lesotho. It is
> in the group of abstract nouns since, in a sense, one doesn’t “perceive” the
> nation. One “perceives” people, buildings, streets, trees, etc. ‘kyunémos’ is
> a compound formed with “némos”, ‘part’ to translate ‘state’ or ‘province’.
"frens" ([frE~s]) is the catch-all in Géarthnuns. It covers "nation", "state",
"country", "kingdom", and I suppose "land", if you want to burst into a chorus
of "This Land Is Your Land". There is another word, "hanguls" (['haNuls])
(which always makes me think "Korean" when I see it romanized, but there it is)
which is the "nation" word used in the "United Nations" ("Hangulsíp
Kfesízhtölölíp"). As such, there is a degree of bleeding between the two words,
"frens" being used more generally and frequently. In conversation, you would be
more likely to say that Germany is a "frens" unless you were going to get more
hair-splittingly political, and then "hanguls" might kick in. A "police state"
is "sebölífrens". But at its heart (and here is where "kingdom" comes into
play), "frens" is meant to describe the historico-political scene on Géarthtörs
(officially, "Géarthfrens"). And so, for "national language", we have the terms
"frenamöls" and "hangulímöls", the former designating specifically Géarthnuns
and the latter, somebody else's national language; "national sovereignty" has
"tléshits frenaböt" and "tléshits hangulíböt" with the former heavily connoting
Géarthtörs national sovereignty.
A "province" is a "löbs".
> 2. “réṁas” means ‘land’ in the sense of “a district outside of cities and
> towns; rural area”. It also translates as ‘country’ or ‘countryside’. It is
> an abstract noun from the verb “réṁa”, ‘expand, extend”.
"Autrefois le rat de ville invita le rat des champs...", "鄉下", that kind of
"country" is "bdézarhöts".
> 3. “béjus” means ‘people’ in the sense of “human beings considered as
> distinct from lower animals. It refers to the Six Loquent Peoples. Today it
> is used to translate ‘humanity’ or ‘man(kind)’. It is in the group of
> personal nouns since it connotes living, breathing beings.
"íalörs" is a "human", a "person", a 人, a "Mensch", so "people" would just be
"íalörasaup". "Humanity" in the sense of "Menschlichkeit" ("Mentschlekhkeyt",
"מענטשלעכקייט") *roughly* corresponds to "íalördouns".
> 4. “leúðus” means ‘people' in the sense of “a body of persons sharing a
> common religion, culture, language or inherited condition of life”. It is in
> the group of personal nouns since it connotes living, breathing beings.
This would be "nzöbs".
> 5. “teútus” means ‘people’ in the sense of ‘those of a specified group or
> kind’. It also translates ‘folk’, ‘race’, or ‘ethnic group'. Thus, it would
> be used, e.g., to translate ‘nation’ in reference to the American Indians in
> the sense of the Indian Nations. It is in the group of personal nouns since
> it connotes living, breathing beings.
"race" is "gvölets" (a group of people - e.g. "the French race"). "master
race", however, is rendered "nzöbs mnuthalöb". I think "nzöbs" as the default
really covers both Charles' 4 and 5. "Iroquois nation" is "nzöbs" action.
"gvölets" hasn't come up a whole bunch, it feels rather specific -- I had to
look it up.
Kou
Messages in this topic (12)
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2a. Re: Nations
Posted by: "Paul Schleitwiler, FCM" pjschleitwiler...@gmail.com
Date: Tue Aug 7, 2012 11:32 am ((PDT))
The root of nation is "birth" or "to be born", hence the original meaning
is probably what we use race or ethnicity or tribe for today.
In Latin, the leader of a nation was its rex. It did not originally refer
to territorial government.
That meaning, as a territory, came about by equating the territory ruled by
a prince or king with nation - that is the nation-state.
By extension from that, all citizens of the nation-state became one. Hence
there are Muslim of Arab descent who are Australian nationals.
We continue the old definitions when we refer to citizens with a hyphenate
name, e.g. African-American (race + state) or German-Jew (ethnicity +
(religion + tribe).
Fact is, language is imprecise. Or there are several specialized meanings
for particular contexts.
Another interesting point of departure might be considering how context
changes meaning in your conlangs.
God bless you always, all ways,
Paul
On Tue, Aug 7, 2012 at 12:05 PM, A. da Mek <a.da_m...@ufoni.cz> wrote:
> In
>>
> the Classical period it meant more specifically a distant or
> barbarous 'people', or 'nation';
>
>>
>>
> And what "barbar" means? One who says "bar, bar", e.g. the one who speaks
> a different, incomprehensible language.
> And here we have the connection between the nation and language again.
>
>
> To
>>
> me it is more than sad when I find the language I once knew
> as Serbo-Croat is now reckoned by some as three different
> languages: Croatian, Serbia & Bosnian.
>
>>
>>
> You cannot blame languages for that split. They became different nations
> only in that political sense. Were they considering the language to be the
> main criterion of nationality, they would be one nation.
Messages in this topic (12)
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3.1. Re: Reviving dying languages through conlanging?
Posted by: "R A Brown" r...@carolandray.plus.com
Date: Tue Aug 7, 2012 12:21 pm ((PDT))
On 07/08/2012 17:13, Roger Mills wrote:
> --- On Tue, 8/7/12, R A Brown <r...@carolandray.plus.com>
> wrote:
>
> Whether it offended anyone or not, I do not know; but I
> have reverted to the previous Welsh proverb which, as I
> get older, I learn is so very true.
>
> Nid rhy hen neb i ddysgu. There's none too old to learn.
> [WELSH PROVERB]
> ===========================================
>
> I've always been intrigued by that sig of yours. I
> assume _ddysgu_ is 'to learn', presumably < Lat. discor
> 'id.',
_disco_ actually - the verb isn't deponent. Yes, it's one of
the many borrowings that came into British during the Roman
occupation of the island (or most of it).
Nid = not (a rather literary word now; in popular speech
_dim_ is the usual word for 'not').
rhy = too
hen = old [adj]
neb = without (preposition)
i = to, for (and much else) (preposition; one use is with
the idea of purpose)
ddysgu - 'soft mutation' of _dysgu' = 'to learn'; the soft
mutation is triggered by the preposition _i_.
Like proverbs in many languages, semantically unmeaningful
bits get left out. In this case "to be" is certainly
missing: [there is] not [anyone] too old without [being in a
position] to learn.
> which seems not to have survived in any of the Romance
> languages. My only other acquaintance with it was in the
> motto of my school "Ea discamus in terra [terris?] cuius
> scientia [perseveret ??] in coelis".
Ea discamus in terris quorum scientia perseveret in coelis
> "Let us learn those things on earth whose knowledge will
> endure in heaven" or some such.
That's basically it.
> Possibly made up in the 19th C., when the school was
> founded; or is it possibly something from St. Paul's
> writings, since the school was named for him?
St Paul's School, Concord, New Hampshire - I assume. Yes,
one might have expected a motto to have come from that
saint's writing. In fact it comes from the writings of
another saint - St Jerome, Epistle 53, addressed to
Paulinus, Bishop of Nola, in 394 AD.
> Don't recall encountering it much in the Latin stuff we
> read in school.
>
> In my college years at Harvard, I had a roommate who had
> studied Welsh; he pointed out one day a graffito on one
> of the buildings near our dorm which read, as best I
> recall, "nar y ysgrivenich ar y pared [paredd?]"
Nac ysgrifennwch ar y pared.
No _v_ in modern welsh spelling; /v/ is written _f_.
> which I could figure out quite easily thanks to my
> Spanish.
:)
> Just another fun moment of reminiscence :-))))
..and why not, indeed?
--
Ray
==================================
http://www.carolandray.plus.com
==================================
Nid rhy hen neb i ddysgu.
There's none too old to learn.
[WELSH PROVERB]
Messages in this topic (28)
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4a. Allophony in Siye
Posted by: "Anthony Miles" mamercu...@gmail.com
Date: Tue Aug 7, 2012 3:59 pm ((PDT))
Per Alex Fink's comments on the paucity of phonetic plosives in Siye, I spent
the weekend rethinking this aspect of SIye as well as celebrating my birthday.
So here's the new proposal:
1) Plosives /p t k/ are aspirated in word-initial position. This provides a
phonetic distinction between suffixes and enclitics.
2) /p/ [p] becomes [p\] or [f] before [u] or [U~], [C] or [S] before [i] and
[I~].
3) /t/ [t] becomes [t_s] before [u] or [U~]; my analysis of core vocabulary
revealed that the syllable /t/+ /i(m)/ does not exist.
4) /k/ [k] becomes [x] or [h] before [u] or [U~], [t_C] or [t_S] before [i] or
[I~].
5) /s/ [s] becomes [S] before [i] or [I~].
Messages in this topic (5)
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4b. Re: Allophony in Siye
Posted by: "Alex Fink" 000...@gmail.com
Date: Tue Aug 7, 2012 5:25 pm ((PDT))
On Tue, 7 Aug 2012 18:58:59 -0400, Anthony Miles <mamercu...@gmail.com> wrote:
>Per Alex Fink's comments on the paucity of phonetic plosives in Siye, I spent
>the weekend rethinking this aspect of SIye as well as celebrating my birthday.
>So here's the new proposal:
>1) Plosives /p t k/ are aspirated in word-initial position. This provides a
>phonetic distinction between suffixes and enclitics.
>2) /p/ [p] becomes [p\] or [f] before [u] or [U~], [C] or [S] before [i] and
>[I~].
>3) /t/ [t] becomes [t_s] before [u] or [U~]; my analysis of core vocabulary
>revealed that the syllable /t/+ /i(m)/ does not exist.
>4) /k/ [k] becomes [x] or [h] before [u] or [U~], [t_C] or [t_S] before [i] or
>[I~].
>5) /s/ [s] becomes [S] before [i] or [I~].
Happy year-completion day!
I've not got much of substance to say, but that dòes feel more natural, now.
Nicely crafted. And great idea to go looking for absent syllable types! Are
you then positing that historical */ti/ has fallen in with /ki/ or /si/ or some
such? Also, what with /i/ being the most recessive vowel, does /ti/ never
arise in morphological composition either?
I also notice you dumped the [xS)] entirely -- that was to me the most piquant
phone of the earlier system (extraordinarily rare among humans, even among
Sueciphones, its presence in the IPA notwithstanding!). I suppose you wanted
rid of it and saw the /ti/ gap as opening a way?
Alex
Messages in this topic (5)
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4c. Re: Allophony in Siye
Posted by: "Anthony Miles" mamercu...@gmail.com
Date: Tue Aug 7, 2012 6:26 pm ((PDT))
Actually, the algorithm I used to produce the original word set resulted in the
absence of the syllable /ti/. It didn't fall in with anything. I assume names
of places and persons use /ki/. Although you do raise a good point: /ti/ is an
acceptable syllable in Ulok in such words as /ulotil/ 'I worship'
('worshipped'? I don't have my notes on Ulok verbal TAM). I'll discuss the
phonology of Ulok in a different thread – it has its own peculiar holes. I
wanted to include [xS] in Siye because it (allegedly) occurred in Old Persian,
the right region of the world as my inspiration even if a bit later. But I
thought it more important to keep [tS] than [xS], since [t] and [S[S] already
existed.
Messages in this topic (5)
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4d. Re: Allophony in Siye
Posted by: "Roger Mills" romi...@yahoo.com
Date: Tue Aug 7, 2012 6:31 pm ((PDT))
On Tue, 7 Aug 2012 18:58:59 -0400, Anthony Miles <mamercu...@gmail.com> wrote:
>Per Alex Fink's comments on the paucity of phonetic plosives in Siye, I spent
>the weekend rethinking this aspect of SIye as well as celebrating my birthday.
>So here's the new proposal:
>1) Plosives /p t k/ are aspirated in word-initial position. This provides a
>phonetic distinction between suffixes and enclitics.
>2) /p/ [p] becomes [p\] or [f] before [u] or [U~], [C] or [S] before [i] and
>[I~].
Are you sure you have that right? /p/ > [C ~S]/ __i/I~ strikes me as highly
unnatural. Any natlang justiifcation? (Not that a conlang needs it, but...) It
would be much more natural if those were allophones of /t/....
>3) /t/ [t] becomes [t_s] before [u] or [U~]; my analysis of core vocabulary
>revealed that the syllable /t/+ /i(m)/ does not exist.
Messages in this topic (5)
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4e. Re: Allophony in Siye
Posted by: "Alex Fink" 000...@gmail.com
Date: Tue Aug 7, 2012 6:51 pm ((PDT))
On Tue, 7 Aug 2012 18:30:25 -0700, Roger Mills <romi...@yahoo.com> wrote:
>On Tue, 7 Aug 2012 18:58:59 -0400, Anthony Miles <mamercu...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>>2) /p/ [p] becomes [p\] or [f] before [u] or [U~], [C] or [S] before [i] and
>>[I~].
>
>Are you sure you have that right? /p/ > [C ~S]/ __i/I~ strikes me as highly
>unnatural. Any natlang justiifcation? (Not that a conlang needs it, but...)
>It would be much more natural if those were allophones of /t/....
I was imagining roughly p > [pp\) > p\ >] h / __[+high], and then [h] takes on
the colour of the following vowel. Or the labial might have palatalised
directly (as in e.g. the history of French or Siswati), putting these in the
other order: p > [pc) >] c > C.
Alex
Messages in this topic (5)
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5a. Re: If you only had 16 characters per day... (a language for Streetp
Posted by: "Anthony Miles" mamercu...@gmail.com
Date: Tue Aug 7, 2012 6:30 pm ((PDT))
Ah, I have read all about X-1 now and understand this. It makes me want to make
something similar, but I have too many projects in utero already.
Messages in this topic (10)
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6a. Re: Conjunction Curiosity
Posted by: "A. da Mek" a.da_m...@ufoni.cz
Date: Wed Aug 8, 2012 7:42 am ((PDT))
>>2) "wu" when there is only one entity with several attributes or states or
>>actions:
>>malku wu kohinu
>>king and priest (one person with two professions)
>
> Senjecas handles this construction with apposition without any
> conjunction.
Simple apposition _malku kohinu_ is also the usual expression in Gd¨h, but
the variant with the conjunction is obligatory in complex expressions like
"the priest of the house of our Lady and the ruler of this city" _kohinu
bajti Baºhlatijan wu malku dhi ºhajru_, whereas _kohinu bajti Baºhlatijan
malku dhi ºhajru_ would mean that not the priest but the Lady is the ruler
of this city.
Messages in this topic (15)
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6b. Re: Conjunction Curiosity
Posted by: "Charles W Brickner" tepeyach...@embarqmail.com
Date: Wed Aug 8, 2012 9:16 am ((PDT))
>-----Original Message-----
>From: Constructed Languages List [mailto:conl...@listserv.brown.edu] On Behalf
>Of A. da Mek
>Simple apposition _malku kohinu_ is also the usual expression in Gd¨h, but
>the variant with the conjunction is obligatory in complex expressions
>like "the priest of the house of our Lady and the ruler of this city"
>_kohinu bajti Baºhlatijan wu malku dhi ºhajru_, whereas _kohinu bajti
>Baºhlatijan malku dhi ºhajru_ would mean that not the priest
>but the Lady is the ruler of this city.
Very interesting!
In Senjecas:
1) mhuùm aryús mheesósæ vláqmUS e-rijós réƶ(dz)US
our lady’s house’s priest this-city’s ruler
2) mhuùm aryÙS e-rijós reƶ(dz)ÙS mheesósæ vláqmus
our lady’s this-city’s ruler’s house’s priest
Notes:
1) I wasn't sure if <ƶ>, i.e., z with stroke, would appear. It = /dz/.
2) The <æ> is an epenthetic schwa (/ə/ /@/) to avoid a cluster of three
consonants.
3) The grammatical endings of the words in apposition are capitalized for
clarity.
Thanks.
Charlie
Messages in this topic (15)
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