-Caveat Lector-

Source:

http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/9951/baard.shtml


[continued from Pt One]

National Aeronautics and Space Administration scientists were
also encouraged that the Mills cell seemed to be producing
energy, but they couldn't rule out alternatives to the hydrino
effect as the cause, says Dr. Janis Niedra of NASA's Glenn
Research Center. Niedra broke with many other scientists in a
letter following an interview, writing that while Mills's theory
butts up against popular interpretations of quantum mechanics,
"in fact, however, quantum mechanics may permit such [hydrino
electron] levels."

If Mills is right, Niedra wrote, "not only would such transitions
give off hard UV light, but also the probability of room
temperature nuclear fusion of the shrunken hydrogen, or
deuterium, atoms would be greatly increased. The continuation of
such processes to higher atomic numbers would of course emulate
the power generation of a star! Considering the potential value
of a new energy source, it seems worthwhile to restudy the Mills
[proto]type cell in configurations allowing an accurate account
for recombination and water loss."

When two nuclei are forced to fuse under high temperatures and
pressures, copious amounts of energy are released. It's the power
behind the hydrogen bomb and the sun. But two generations of
physicists have failed to master nuclear fusion despite the
billions of government dollars sunk into it.

Attempts to achieve cold fusion, the same result without adding
great heat and pressure, have been given the cold shoulder since
1989 when two chemists in Salt Lake City cried "Eureka!" in the
media but then couldn't provide others with a systematic way of
reproducing their claims. The backlash was so virulent that
government and university research grant writers run from
anything that smacks of cold fusion.

Mills is adamant that his work is unrelated to cold fusion, even
as diehards in the field attempt to claim him as their own. Dr.
Charles Haldeman says he also was tripped up in cold-fusion
phobia after he produced excess energy from several variations of
a Mills cell while a senior staff member at the Air Force's
MIT-managed Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Massachusetts.

"I got pretty good gain compared to the power I was putting in.
The effect wasn't as large as Mills was getting, but it was in
the direction that was predicted," Haldeman says. Because the
results were smaller than he'd hoped, which he now says may have
been due to contaminated materials, he wasn't in a position to
fight management when funding was stopped.

"They said, 'There must be some other error that you're not
including,' but I couldn't figure out what it might be and
neither could they," Haldeman says. "This area is clearly not
well understood. There's clearly incontrovertible evidence that
there's something going on in the work of Mills and others that
certainly deserves further study. It's a tragedy that the
politics of cold fusion has prevented science from taking its
course."

Michael Jacox, assistant director of Texas A&M's Commercial Space
Center for Engineering and a nuclear engineer, says he felt
compelled to study the Mills cell in relative secrecy when he was
a research scientist for the Department of Energy. While at the
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Jacox
says he read about the Mills cell and decided in 1991 to perform
independent experiments along with electrochemical experts on
staff in battery development.

"We actually purchased a total of three large electrolytic cells
and conducted very controlled experiments," Jacox says. "We
followed the protocols Randy suggested and followed his technique
and we got the same results he had," Jacox says. "We were
encouraged but we determined that what we had was probably not
sufficient to break a news release, especially with [cold fusion]
going sour so soon before."

The team began more thorough testing, Jacox says, including
side-by-side comparisons of catalyzed cells and control cells,
when his bosses suddenly balked.

"In the middle of that process there was a management decision
that said we should pull the plug on the whole project and not
disclose that we had been involved in the project at all," Jacox
says. The team decided to instead investigate hydrino compounds
in "almost a clandestine operation."

"We probably have hundreds of different projects going on at all
times, and this isn't one I was aware was going on," says John
Walsh, a spokesman for the Idaho lab.

Researchers at other well-known government labs also say they are
afraid to speak on record about their interest in Mills's work.
One said that he plans to visit BlackLight Power on his vacation
time. Jacox says his team found in the materials "an anomaly that
we could not explain with conventional theory but that we could
explain with Randy Mills's theory. That does not necessarily
validate the Mills theory, but gosh."

Jacox continued to be frustrated by the proscription against
testing Mills cells, "so I left the lab in large measure because
of that."



Applied scientists have a rigorous standard in their work that is
sometimes referred to as the Kmart Test. In other words, can the
research at hand lead to an off-the-shelf product? By this
criterion, the materials wing of BlackLight Power has great
potential. Energy is a messy thing to measure, but as Mills says,
"the good thing about materials is that they exist, or they
don't. There's no argument."

BlackLight Power's marketing people say they expect far more
profits from compounds than from the energy released by hydrinos.
The energy portion could even be seen as a mere spin-off of the
chemical manufacturing that should simply be used, rather than
wasted. Even the unpersuaded Professor Wilson of Harvard offers,
"Maybe he hasn't found the gold of a grand unified theory, but
there could be some silver there" in the hydrino compounds.

Tests at Lehigh University are interesting, confirms Dr. Alfred
Miller, a senior research scientist there who has tested
BlackLight Power's compounds. Miller probed the energy levels of
the atoms by bombarding them with X rays and measuring the energy
of the electrons leaving the atomsa technique called X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy. "I try and exhaust all possibilities
and there really aren't an enormous number of conventional
explanations" for what he found.

Miller emphasizes that he didn't want his tests being interpreted
as unequivocally confirming the hydrino theory, but "over the
years I haven't really come across too many things that haven't
been explainable. At least if you thought about it long enough
and hard enough."

Because Mills has produced freely available physical materials
and has been "incredibly more open in getting people to confirm
what his hypothesis predicts . . . this is not the equivalent of
cold fusion," Miller says. "He's serious and honest. . . . He may
well have ventured upon something."

Ricerca Inc.'s lab east of Cleveland was similarly flummoxed by
what it found when studying BlackLight Power's materials. "They
were inorganic compounds that have organic properties. That is
unusual," says Dr. Yong-Xi Li, manager of Ricerca's advanced mass
spectrometry lab. "We totally don't know what's going on. The
reason is that I've never seen before these kinds of properties
in all my career. Probably we have to do more work."

The BlackLight Power research has excited the U.S. Navy, but the
company isn't entirely thrilled with that. "It's kind of like
letting a lion loose in the building," Mills remarks. "You have
to remember that their goal is to find better ways of killing.
But there are worse militaries [than that of the U.S.] out
there."

Board members have another concern about getting too deeply
involved with the armed forces. Some say they fear that the
military could "black out" the project, making it a national
security secret. That would deprive the company of other
commercial prospects.

The issue came up at a BlackLight Power board meeting, according
to sources. Executives at the meeting urged Mills to refer to
energetic materials as potential propellants, and not explosives,
even though a rocket is just a controlled explosion. One source
says Mills bridled at the inherent intellectual dishonesty in the
euphemism.

"That would be as if I pointed a duck gun at you and said not to
worry, because it only kills ducks," Mills reportedly said.

BlackLight Power and researchers at the weapons division of the
Naval Air Warfare Center at China Lake, California, confirm that
they are heading toward a research and development pact that
would allow the navy to produce energy and materials from
hydrinos and to develop applications of the new compounds. A
spokeswoman for the Indian Head Division of the Naval Surface
Warfare Center in Maryland says in ane-mail letter that after a
meeting with Mills "there was considerable interest in the
reported properties of the new hydrogen-containing compounds, and
in obtaining samples for independent analysis and evaluation."

BlackLight Power's newest board member is retired vice admiral
Michael P. Kalleres, who commanded the U.S. fleet in the Atlantic
during the Gulf War and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's
Striking Fleet. He's also a consultant for the Defense Science
Board and the Naval Studies Board of the National Academy of
Science.

"I feel very confident in what [Mills] has created," Kalleres
says. He adds that he has no investment in BlackLight Power and
takes no salary from the company, although he anticipates an
option to invest later. After observing the company's practices
for years, he believes that it's produced things of which the
military should make use.

Ships with hydrino material cladding would likely be stealthy and
rustproof, Kalleres says. Eliminating rust could radically reduce
crews on some ships, savings millions of dollars.



It's not just BlackLight Power's work in bombs, rockets, and
rusty ships that has the military's attention. Mills has stacks
of proprietary research on artificial intelligence. In what he
calls Brain Child Systems, Mills has done the math for a
reasoning machine with consciousness. To advance the project,
Mills may soon enter into a collaboration with the Institute for
Simulation and Training at the University of Central Florida,
which does the bulk of its work for the military.

But Mills wasn't thinking of the military when he began his work
in artificial intelligence. Mills has a lifelong dream of making
spaceships to travel at near light speed, and he says that only a
mind with the switching rates of a computer could pilot them. A
human brain, which Mills disdains as "wet processing," would fly
into a rock before its owner could blink.

If spaceships are to hit such speeds, NASA scientists agree that
rockets are a dead end. Mills says the answer may again lie in
the electron, which according to his theory might be made to
respond negatively to gravity. He quickly emphasizes that this
part of his work awaits experimentation, and he has kept quiet
about it so far because he's quite aware of how his critics will
ridicule it. Mills is uncharacteristically coy in referring to
the antigravity machine as a "relativity device."

There was a moment when it seemed NASA engineers might look into
Mills's antigravity theory. Luke Setzer, a mechanical engineer at
the Kennedy Space Center in Florida requested permission to
investigate the idea's potential. Setzer says as a mechanical
engineer, he's more intuitively comfortable with Mills's
deterministic view of the universe.

Engineers, he says, "are used to classical physics. Mills applies
classical physics to the subatomic level." Setzer was encouraged
by his two managers to pursue the work, but after NASA physicists
objected, "I dropped the whole thing." Without their nod, there
would be no real energy' rather than theoretical energy" after
glancing at Mills's self-published thousand-page tome, The Grand
Unified Theory of Classical Quantum Mechanics (1995), Setzer
says. "That kind of language tells me they're already shutting
their minds to possibilities."

Setzer also plans to visit BlackLight Power's labs on his
vacation time. "I think he's a real Renaissance man," Setzer
says. "And even if reality is different than his theory, it could
still be another source of energy. The Mills theory may
accurately predict previously inexplicable phenomena. That
doesn't mean that he's right, but string theory seems less well
defined than Mills's theory yet is more accepted than Mills's."

Marc Millis, who is leading NASA's Breakthrough Propulsion
Physics Project, says that a major reason for not pursuing
BlackLight Power projects is that tight budgets dictate that
administrators approach ideas with a triage mind-set. "If someone
else has the funds to get behind an idea, why should we redouble
that?" he asks. "We have to use our resources for things that
look promising and we know we'll have to do for ourselves."

The craft Mills imagines would be made of hydrino compounds and
powered by hydrino engines and batteries. There would be pods
containing intersecting helium and electron beams under a
negatively charged plate. The electrons in the beam would be
deformed in such a way that they would oppose gravity and push up
against that electric field of the negative plate, Mills
theorizes. Anything attached to the plate would also experience
lift.

Every part of the craft, except the electrons, is still subject
to gravity. "Once you've got it up, what would you use to travel
horizontally?" Mills asks.

Thrusters?

Mills gently waves that solution away. "Too inelegant. Try a
flywheel to play off angular momentum," he suggests, "and the
craft itself would act as an airfoil."

Yes, that would be a flying saucer.

The universe his flying saucers would explore was not made in six
days nor in a big bang, Mills says.

"The Big Bang is not a theory. It's a fact," Dr. Michio Kaku
claimed at a recent lecture at the New York Public Library.

Mills argues that the universe is forever oscillating between
matter and energy over thousand-billion-year cycles, expanding
and contracting between finite set points. In fact, he says, the
universe doesn't get much smaller than it is now.

His theory predicted in clear language two recent astronomical
discoveriesone, the universe is expanding at an accelerating
rate, and, two, there are stars that measure as older than the
expansion of the universe itself.

He also says hydrinos explain several mysteries about the sun and
are the unidentified "dark matter" that astrophysicists say makes
up most of the universe. Mills sees the conversion of matter into
energy as the engine of universal expansion. Einstein and others
showed that a mass creates a dimple in space-time. As that mass
burns itself out, throwing off energy, that dimple formed by
gravity is smoothed, causing the universe to expand, Mills
explains.

"The sun is turning matter into energy every second; that forces
the universe to expand," Mills says. "Even, in the tiniest way,
the chemical reactions in your body are pushing the universe
out."

Eventually all of this action expends itself until the universe
becomes a giant cloud of photons that begin to gather into
themselves to create matter again.

"You're existing, maintaining your internal order as a life-form,
at the expense of your surroundings. The more you do to keep
yourself as you are, in that order, a being as opposed to
inanimate matter, the universe is going to decay at a faster
rate. Eventually your borrowed time runs out and then it's dust
to dust," Mills says. "It's sad, but that unfortunately is how it
is.

"It's a beautiful thing that we can exist the way that we do for
the time that we do and people should appreciate it," he says.

Does it all start over again in exactly the same way, as some
religions teach? Is there a God?

Mills is at first curt. "That can't be experimentally tested, so
I won't speculate on it." But then he adds, "There are some
questions science will never answer. That's where you have
faith."

Tell us what you think. [EMAIL PROTECTED]

--end--

Source:

http://www.villagevoice.com/issues/9951/baard.shtml


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