-Caveat Lector- <A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/"> </A> -Cui Bono?- Consider these words spoken by James Madison in 1788 as the story unfolds: "I believe there are more instances of the abridgment of the freedom of the people by gradual and silent encroachments of those in power than by violent and sudden usurpation." For centuries, international bankers have enjoyed a lucrative business by financing governments, and command considerable influence in the policies of such governments. Repayment of these loans could usually be guaranteed by the indebted government levying taxes upon its people. If a king or government could not or would not repay its loans, its enemy or rival would be financed. The business of financing wars was very profitable. As the wealth of these private banking empires increased, they eventually owned, as private corporations, the various central banks of Europe. Predominant among these was the House of Rothschild, with banking houses in major European capitals. Their seat of power was located in London, through control of the Bank of England. By loaning more paper into circulation than gold to back it (fractional reserve banking), they were able to amass fortunes. Some historians contend that by 1850, the House of Rothschild had more wealth than the combined monarchies of Europe. What better way to expand economic control than by financing Europe's colonization? And what better prize was there than America, with her industrious people and vast resources? The War of Independence was not only independence from English rule, but economic independence as well. Our Founders drafted the Constitution so that only Congress had control over our monetary system, unlike the private monopolies controlling European economics. Thomas Jefferson issued this warning: "If the American people ever allow private banks to control the issue of currency, first by inflation, then by deflation, the banks and corporations that will grow up around them will deprive the people of all property until their children wake up homeless on the continent their fathers conquered." In 1792, contrary to Jefferson's warning, Alexander Hamilton established a 20 year charter with the Bank of England. When the renewal was denied in 1812, war broke out again. The charter was renewed in 1816. In 1833, President Andrew Jackson removed all moneys from this chartered bank and placed them into state banks. Mexico invaded Texas in 1836 after the renewal was again denied. Some historians say these wars were attempts by the European banking monopolies to disrupt and control America's economy. The Civil War continued this pattern. Abraham Lincoln said: "The money powers prey upon the nation in times of peace and conspire against it in times of adversity. It is more despotic than a monarchy, more insolent than autocracy, (and) more selfish than bureaucracy. It denounces, as public enemies, all who question its methods or throw light upon its crimes. I have two great enemies, the Southern Army in front of me and the bankers in the rear. Of the two, the one at my rear is my greatest foe...corporations have been enthroned, and an era of corruption in high places will follow, and the money power of the country will endeavor to prolong its reign by working upon the prejudices of the people until the wealth is aggregated in the hands of a few, and the Republic is destroyed." By the end of the 19th Century, American industrialists and bankers, through the Industrial Revolution, had achieved great wealth. An excellent account of this is Matthew Josephson's 1934 book, entitled "The Robber Barons; the Great American Capitalists 1861-1901~(by Matthew Josephson, Harcourt, Brace and Co. New York 1934; available secondary market). The industrialists were known as "Big Business" and the Wall Street bankers as the "Money Trust". The most prominent of these was banker J.P. Morgan. It was Morgan, working with the European banking dynasties, who created the "Financial Panic of 1907". This was an effort to manipulate Congress to approve of a central bank. In 1912, Woodrow Wilson became President. His chief advisor and administrator was Col. Edward Mandell House, who was a proponent of world government, a representative of the European banking dynasties, and had close ties with the Morgan interests. In 1912, House wrote a book, wherein he laid out a plan to bring America into a world government. ("Philip Dru: Administrator", by Col. Edward Mandell House, 1912; available at General Birch Services, P.O. Box 8040 Appleton, Wis. 549138040). On page 222, he wrote: "...our Constitution and our laws...are not only obsolete, but even grotesque. His plan, and, to use his own words, "a conspiracy," would seek to achieve: 1.The establishment of a central bank; 2.A progressive graduated income tax; and 3.Control of both political parties in the U.S. What was House's goal? "Socialism as dreamed of by Karl Marx". House, who called himself the "unseen guardian angel" of the Federal Reserve Act, in concert with the Wall Street and European bankers, convinced President Wilson of the central bank concept. The Federal Reserve Act was passed on Dec. 23, 1913 (by a vote of 298 to 60 in the House of Representatives, and 43 to 25 in the Senate). After the vote, Congressman Charles A. Lindberg, Sr. (father of the famous aviator) told Congress: "This act establishes the most gigantic trust on earth...When the President signs this act, the invisible government by the money power, proven to exist by the Money Trust Investigation, will be legalized...The new law will create inflation whenever the trusts want inflation..." The Fed was then able to manipulate the money supply. In the six years prior to the 1929 Stock Market Crash, the Fed increased (or inflated) the money supply 62%, inducing unwise investments and market speculation by the public. When everything was in place, the bankers, who had been financing market speculation, called in their "24 hr. broker call loans", precipitating the Crash. They were then in a position to loan the government billions of dollars to finance the nation out of the Depression. Congressman Louis McFadden, Chairman of the House Banking Committee, (1920-1931) said this: "It (the Depression) was not accidental. The international bankers sought to bring about a condition of despair here so that they might emerge as rulers of us all". http://www.worldnetdaily.com/forum/drudge_frame.htm GO TO PAGE 3. <A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/">www.ctrl.org</A> DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER ========== CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic screeds are not allowed. Substance—not soap-boxing! These are sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory'—with its many half-truths, misdirections and outright frauds—is used politically by different groups with major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. That being said, CTRL gives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. CTRL gives no credence to Holocaust denial and nazi's need not apply. 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