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--- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], "shahid ." <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
American History 101
Ever since the United States Army massacred 300 Lakotas in 1890,
American
forces have intervened elsewhere around the globe 100 times. Indeed
the
United States has sent troops abroad or militarily struck other
countries'
territory 216 times since independence from Britain. Since 1945 the
United
States has intervened in more than 20 countries throughout the world.
Since World War II, the United States actually dropped bombs on 23
countries. These include:
China 1945-46,
Korea 1950-53,
China 1950-53,
Guatemala 1954,
Indonesia 1958,
Cuba 1959-60,
Guatemala 1960,
Congo 1964,
Peru 1965,
Laos 1964-73,
Vietnam 1961-73,
Cambodia 1969-70,
Guatemala 1967-69,
Grenada 1983,
Lebanon 1984,
Libya 1986,
El Salvador 1980s,
Nicaragua 1980s,
Panama 1989,
Iraq 1991-1999,
Sudan 1998,
Afghanistan 1998,
and Yugoslavia 1999.
Post World War II, the United States has also assisted in over 20
different
coups throughout the world, and the CIA was responsible for half a
dozen
assassinations of political heads of state.
The following is a comprehensive summary of the imperialist strategy
of the
United States over the span of the past century:
Argentina - 1890 - Troops sent to Buenos Aires to protect business
interests.
Chile - 1891 - Marines sent to Chile and clashed with nationalist
rebels.
Haiti - 1891 - American troops suppress a revolt by Black workers on
United
States-claimed Navassa Island.
Hawaii - 1893 - Navy sent to Hawaii to overthrow the independent
kingdom -
Hawaii annexed by the United States.
Nicaragua - 1894 - Troops occupied Bluefields, a city on the
Caribbean Sea,
for a month.
China - 1894-95 - Navy, Army, and Marines landed during the Sino
Japanese
War.
Korea - 1894-96 - Troops kept in Seoul during the war.
Panama - 1895 - Army, Navy, and Marines landed in the port city of
Corinto.
China - 1894-1900 - Troops occupied China during the Boxer Rebellion.
Philippines - 1898-1910 - Navy and Army troops landed after the
Philippines
fell during the Spanish-American War; 600,000 Filipinos were killed.
Cuba - 1898-1902 - Troops seized Cuba in the Spanish-American War;
the
United States still maintains troops at Guantanamo Bay today.
Puerto Rico - 1898 - present - Troops seized Puerto Rico in the
Spanish-American War and still occupy Puerto Rico today.
Nicaragua - 1898 - Marines landed at the port of San Juan del Sur.
Samoa - 1899 - Troops landed as a result over the battle for
succession to
the throne.
Panama - 1901-14 - Navy supported the revolution when Panama claimed
independence from Colombia. American troops have occupied the Canal
Zone
since 1901 when construction for the canal began.
Honduras - 1903 - Marines landed to intervene during a revolution.
Dominican Rep 1903-04 - Troops landed to protect American interests
during a
revolution.
Korea - 1904-05 - Marines landed during the Russo-Japanese War.
Cuba - 1906-09 - Troops landed during an election.
Nicaragua - 1907 - Troops landed and a protectorate was set up.
Honduras - 1907 - Marines landed during Honduras' war with Nicaragua.
Panama - 1908 - Marines sent in during Panama's election.
Nicaragua - 1910 - Marines landed for a second time in Bluefields and
Corinto.
Honduras - 1911 - Troops sent in to protect American interests during
Honduras' civil war.
China - 1911-41 - Navy and troops sent to China during continuous
flare-ups.
Cuba - 1912 - Troops sent in to protect American interests in Havana.
Panama - 1912 - Marines landed during Panama's election.
Honduras - 1912 - Troops sent in to protect American interests.
Nicaragua - 1912-33 - Troops occupied Nicaragua and fought guerrillas
during
its 20-year civil war.
Mexico - 1913 - Navy evacuated Americans during revolution.
Dominican Rep 1914 - Navy fought with rebels over Santo Domingo.
Mexico - 1914-18 - Navy and troops sent in to intervene against
nationalists.
Haiti - 1914-34 - Troops occupied Haiti after a revolution and
occupied
Haiti for 19 years.
Dominican Rep 1916-24 - Marines occupied the Dominican Republic for
eight
years.
Cuba - 1917-33 - Troops landed and occupied Cuba for 16 years; Cuba
became
an economic protectorate.
World War I - 1917-18 - Navy and Army sent to Europe to fight the
Axis
powers.
Russia - 1918-22 - Navy and troops sent to eastern Russia after the
Bolshevik Revolution; Army made five landings.
Honduras - 1919 - Marines sent during Honduras' national elections.
Guatemala - 1920 - Troops occupied Guatemala for two weeks during a
union
strike.
Turkey - 1922 - Troops fought nationalists in Smyrna.
China - 1922-27 - Navy and Army troops deployed during a nationalist
revolt.
Honduras - 1924-25 - Troops landed twice during a national election.
Panama - 1925 - Troops sent in to put down a general strike.
China - 1927-34 - Marines sent in and stationed for seven years
throughout
China.
El Salvador - 1932 - Naval warships deployed during the FMLN revolt
under
Marti.
World War II - 1941-45 - Military fought the Axis powers: Japan,
Germany,
and Italy.
Yugoslavia - 1946 - Navy deployed off the coast of Yugoslavia in
response to
the downing of an American plane.
Uruguay - 1947 - Bombers deployed as a show of military force.
Greece - 1947-49 - United States operations insured a victory for the
far
right in national "elections."
Germany - 1948 - Military deployed in response to the Berlin
blockade; the
Berlin airlift lasts 444 days.
Philippines - 1948-54 - The CIA directed a civil war against the
Filipino
Huk revolt.
Puerto Rico - 1950 - Military helped crush an independence rebellion
in
Ponce.
Korean War - 1951-53 - Military sent in during the war.
Iran - 1953 - The CIA orchestrated the overthrow of democratically
elected
Mossadegh and restored the Shah to power.
Vietnam - 1954 - The United States offered weapons to the French in
the
battle against Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Minh.
Guatemala - 1954 - The CIA overthrew the democratically elected
Arbenz and
placed Colonel Armas in power.
Egypt - 1956 - Marines deployed to evacuate foreigners after Nasser
nationalized the Suez Canal.
Lebanon - 1958 - Navy supported an Army occupation of Lebanon during
its
civil war.
Panama - 1958 - Troops landed after Panamanians demonstrations
threatened
the Canal Zone.
Vietnam - 1950s-75 - Vietnam War.
Cuba - 1961 - The CIA-directed Bay of Pigs invasions failed to
overthrow the
Castro government.
Cuba - 1962 - The Navy quarantines Cuba during the Cuban Missile
Crisis.
Laos - 1962 - Military occupied Laos during its civil war against the
Pathet
Lao guerrillas.
Panama - 1964 - Troops sent in and Panamanians shot while protesting
the
United States presence in the Canal Zone.
Indonesia - 1965 - The CIA orchestrated a military coup.
Dominican Rep- 1965-66 - Troops deployed during a national election.
Guatemala - 1966-67 - Green Berets sent in.
Cambodia - 1969-75 - Military sent in after the Vietnam War expanded
into
Cambodia.
Oman - 1970 - Marines landed to direct a possible invasion into Iran.
Laos - 1971-75 - Americans carpet-bomb the countryside
during Laos' civil war.
Chile - 1973 - The CIA orchestrated a coup, killing President Allende
who
had been popularly elected. The CIA helped to establish a military
regime
under
General Pinochet.
Cambodia - 1975 - Twenty-eight Americans killed in an effort to
retrieve the
crew of the Mayaquez, which had been seized.
Angola - 1976-92 - The CIA backed South African rebels fighting
against
Marxist Angola.
Iran - 1980 - Americans aborted a rescue attempt to liberate 52
hostages
seized in the Teheran embassy.
Libya - 1981 - American fighters shoot down two Libyan fighters.
El Salvador - 1981-92 - The CIA, troops, and advisers aid in El
Salvador's
war against the FMLN.
Nicaragua - 1981-90 - The CIA and NSC directed the Contra War against
the
Sandinistas.
Lebanon - 1982-84 - Marines occupied Beirut during Lebanon's civil
war; 241
were killed in the American barracks and Reagan "redeployed" the
troops to
the Mediterranean.
Honduras - 1983-89 - Troops sent in to build bases near the Honduran
border.
Grenada - 1983-84 - American invasion overthrew the Maurice Bishop
government.
Iran - 1984 - American fighters shot down two Iranian planes over the
Persian Gulf.
Libya - 1986 - American fighters hit targets in and around the
capital city
of Tripoli.
Bolivia - 1986 - The Army assisted government troops on raids of
cocaine
areas.
Iran - 1987-88 - The United States intervened on the side of Iraq
during the
Iran-Iraq War.
Libya - 1989 - Navy shot down two more Libyan jets.
Virgin Islands - 1989 - Troops landed during unrest among Virgin
Island
peoples.
Philippines - 1989 - Air Force provided air cover for government
during
coup.
Panama - 1989-90 - 27,000 Americans landed in overthrow of President
Noriega; over 2,000 Panama civilians were killed.
Liberia - 1990 - Troops entered Liberia to evacuate foreigners during
civil
war.
Saudi Arabia - 1990-91 - American troops sent to Saudi Arabia, which
was a
staging area in the war against Iraq.
Kuwait - 1991 - Troops sent into Kuwait to turn back Saddam Hussein.
Somalia - 1992-94 - Troops occupied Somalia during civil war.
Bosnia - 1993-95 - Air Force jets bombed "no-fly zone" during civil
war in
Yugoslavia.
Haiti - 1994-96 - American troops and Navy provided a blockade
against
Haiti's military government. The CIA restored Aristide to power.
Zaire - 1996-97 - Marines sent into Rwanda Hutus' refugee camps in
the area
where the Congo revolution began.
Albania - 1997 - Troops deployed during evacuation of foreigners.
Sudan - 1998 - American missiles destroyed a pharmaceutical complex
where
alleged nerve gas components were manufactured.
Afghanistan - 1998 - Missiles launched towards alleged Afghan
terrorist
training camps.
Yugoslavia - 1999 - Bombings and missile attacks carried out by the
United
States in conjunction with NATO in the 11 week war against Milosevic.
Iraq - 1998-2001 - Missiles launched into Baghdad and other large
Iraq
cities for four days. American jets enforced "no-fly zone" and
continued to
hit Iraqi targets since December 1998.
These **100** instances of American military intervention did not
include
times when the United States:
(1) deployed military police overseas;
(2) Mobilized the National Guard.
(3) Sent Navy ships off the coast of numerous countries as a show of
strength.
(4) Sent additional troops to areas where Americans were already
stationed.
(5) Carried out covert actions where American forces were not under
the
direct rule of an American command;
(6) Used small hostage rescue units.
(7) Used American pilots to fly foreign planes.
(8) Carried out military training and advisory programs, which did
not
involve direct combat.
U. S. Government Assassination Plots
Following is a list of prominent foreign leaders whose
Assassination (or planning for same) the United States has been
involved in
since the end of Second World War. The list does not include several
assassinations in various parts of the world carried out by anti-
Castro
Cubans employed by CIA and headquartered in the United States:
LIST A: NON-MUSLIMS
1949 - KIm Koo, Korean opposition leader
1950's - CIA/Neo-Nazi hit list of numerous political figures in West
Germany
1955 - Jose' Antonio Remon, President of Panama
1950's Chou En-lai, Prime Minister of China, several attempts on his
life
1951 - Kim IL Sung, Premiere of North Korea
1950s (mid) - Claro M. Recto, Philippines opposition leader
1955 - Jawar Lal Nehru, Prime Minister of India
1959 and 1963 - Norodom Sihanouk, leader of Cambodia
1950s-70s - Jose Figueres, President of Costa Rica, two attempts on
his life
1961 - Francois "Papa Doc"Duvalier, leader of Haiti
1961 - Patrice Lumumba , Prime Minister of Congo (Zaire)
1961 - Gen. Rafael Trujillo, leader of Dominican Republic
1963 - Ngo Dinh Diem, President of South Vietnam
1960s - Fidel Castro, President of Cuba, more than 15 attempts on his
life
1960s - Raul Castro, high official in government of Cuba
1965 - Francisco Caamanao, Dominican Republic opposition leader
1965 - Pierre Ngendandumwe, Prime Minister of Burundi
1965-6 - Charles de Gaulle, President of France
1967 - Che Guevara, Cuban leader
1970 - Salvadore Allende, President of Chile
1970 - General Rene Schneider, Commander-in-Chief of Army, Chile
1970s and 1981 - Gen. Omar Torrijos, leader of Panama
1972 - General Manuel Noriega, Chief of Panama Intelligence
1975 - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire
1976 - Michael Manley, Prime Minister of Jamaica
1983 - Miguel d'Escoto, Foreign Minister of Nicaragua
1984 - The nine commandantes of the Sandanista National Directorate
1980's - Dr. Gerald Bull, Canadian Ballistics Scientist assassinated
by
Mossad in Belgium.
Partial List of Muslim Leaders Assassinated or Attempted
Assassinations
1950's Sukarno, President of Indonesia
1957 Gamal Abdul Nasser, President of Egypt
1960 Brigadier General, Abdul Karim Kassem, Leader of Iraq
1980-86 Muammar Qaddafi, Leader of Libya, several plots and attempts
upon
his life
1982 Ayatullah Khomeini, Leader of Iran
1983 General Ahmed Dlimi, Moroccan army Commander
1985 Sheikh Mohammed Hussein Fadllallah, Lebanese Shiite Leader (80
people
killed in that attempt)
1991 Saddam Hussein, Leader of Iraq
Reference: Blum, William, "KILLING HOPE - U.S. Military and CIA
Interventions Since World War II," Appendix III U.S. Government
Assassination Plots, page
453, Common Courage Press, Monroe, Maine 1995. ISBN 1-56751-052-3
Very likely Victims :
April 4, 1979 - Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Leader of Pakistan, for pursuing
Making
of Nuclear Bomb.
August, 1988. General Ziaul Haq, Military Leader of Pakistan.
1995 - Murtaza Bhutto, Son of ZUlfiqar Ali Bhutto, Anti-American
would-be
Leader - Pakistan.
March 25, 1975 - King Faisal of Saudi Arabia through his Nephew,
Saudi
Arabia for imposing 1973 Oil Embargo.
August 24, 1999. Mullah Mohammad Omar, in Kandhar, Afghanistan.
"A" List of Known Assassination Plots
1950's Sukarno, President of Indonesia
1957 Gamal Abdul Nasser, President
2001 Since early this year more than 40 Palestinian leaders
assassinated
through surrogate Israel.
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