-Caveat Lector-

Bush, Gorbachev Return to Berlin

By COLLEEN BARRY
.c The Associated Press

BERLIN (AP) - Germans are paying homage to former President Bush and former
Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev for their roles a decade ago in the demise of
the Cold War's most potent symbol, the Berlin Wall.

Together with former German Chancellor Helmut Kohl, Bush and Gorbachev
orchestrated Germany's unification and the end of the East-West
confrontation.

The three former world leaders planned to reunite today for an unusual
reminiscence of Cold War giants. Berlin also was set to bestow honorary
citizenship today on Bush, the only major Western leader who was enthusiastic
about German unity.

Gorbachev was awarded Germany's highest federal order of merit Sunday night
in recognition of his reform policies, which forced East Germany to open the
Wall, brought down communism and ended the Cold War.

``If we granted the Soviet Union and other Central and East European
countries the right to self-determination, we certainly couldn't withhold
that right from the Germans,'' Gorbachev said at the brief ceremony at
President Johannes Rau's residence.

Kohl, Gorbachev and Bush were to reflect on the events in a roundtable
discussion later in the day.

All three discussed their perspectives Sunday in the weekly newspaper Welt am
Sonntag.

Bush recalled how he and Kohl each sought to convince Gorbachev that a united
Germany would pose no threat to the Soviet Union, ``rather that it would be a
stabilizing factor'' in the new Europe.

Gorbachev called German reunification ``a reaction to the will of the
people.''

Still, he said, it was only possible ``because the leading statesmen from
East and West succeeded to reach agreement on a disarmament treaty and
because we were in a position to end the Cold War.''

``Now, 10 years after we see the world does not appear as we had hoped.
Europe is no longer divided, at least not in the old sense of the world, but
one cannot call it united by any means,'' Gorbachev wrote.

Germans, contemplating a decade of life together in one country, couldn't
agree more. There's much evidence of mental barriers, with easterners
resenting western arrogance and westerners fed up with huge subsidies to the
east.

While Germans are looking inward at their problems, some of their neighbors -
especially France - are still coming to grips with a united Germany now
governed from Berlin and by a generation that lacks Kohl's historical
perspective.

Kohl, who was voted out of office last year, shared his concern with Welt am
Sonntag that the new government may be less focused on traditional ties with
France and other European partners.

Even so, he said, Europe is on a firm path to tighter integration that
started with the end of the Cold War.

``At the end of this century, even with its bitter phases, we are entering
the 21st century with the certainty that for us Germans the next century will
be one of peace and freedom,'' he said.

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