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Wednesday, May 16, 2001







Remember Pearl Harbor?





By Jude Wanniski



© 2001 WorldNetDaily.com

Memo To: Junichiro Koizumi, prime minister
Re: Thinking About Japan

I see in your very first press conference, you mentioned World War II: "Why did Japan 
go to war? It’s because it was isolated from the international world." It is good that 
you did this, I think, because enough time has e
lapsed since your country’s attack on Pearl Harbor for history to be revised, to take 
into account the forces leading to that decision.

I’d actually made that historical revision myself more than 20 years ago, in the 
course of researching my 1978 book, "The Way the World Works." I’d discovered that the 
1929 stock market crash had been caused by the United
 States Senate in those October weeks, shifting from opposition to support of the 
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, which became the first step toward the Great Depression when 
President Hoover signed it into law in June 1930. It
became clear the American political establishment -- replacing Great Britain as the 
global leader after the first World War -- had failed its first test. The economic 
imperiousness of the tariff led directly to the rise o
f the Nazis, as Germany felt the early blows of the global contraction.

As for your country, Americans today have little recollection of how U.S. political 
leaders of both parties early in the last century behaved with an active animus toward 
the people of Japan. On October 18, 1988, I wrote
to my clients about this context at a time when this animus once again was showing 
itself, as both political parties here began complaining vigorously about Japan’s 
trade surplus. Our political pressure then led to the lo
ng economic decline Japan has since experienced -- and which you hope to reverse. Here 
is some of what I wrote in 1988, in "Thinking About Japan":

One of the problems of our time is that Japan has no choice but to seek survival 
through colonization of more hospitable lands. We think of Nazi Germany when we hear 
the word "lebensraum," but it has been much more apt in
 this century to equate Japan with cramped living quarters. There are 125 million 
people living on an island the size of California, but without California’s natural 
resources. The mountainous island is near saturation, u
nable to support much more life without squeezing living standards or converting its 
tiny agricultural base to higher value-added economic activities, freeing the 
ricelands. Emigration from Japan is well over 2 million an
nually, 'colonies' spreading especially in Brazil, Australia and the U.S., plus 
millions of businessmen and students living 'temporarily' in most countries around the 
world.

The problem was not much different for Japan in the 1930s, when it had but 65 million 
people. It could solve its problem by exporting people, capital or high value-added 
goods. Immigration quotas prevented emigration from
 Japan to the U.S. in any meaningful numbers. In 1913, California passed a law 
restricting land ownership to Japanese awaiting citizenship, intending to prevent the 
Japanese, as Gov. Hiram Johnson put it, 'from driving th
e root of their civilization into California soil.' The perceived threat to the people 
of Japan was real. The United States had been its main hope, its Asian neighbors with 
few exceptions tied to one or another of the col
onial powers. When the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act was enacted in 1930, it was as if the 
United States established barriers to all three of the Japanese solutions. The trade 
walls prevented them from trading higher value-adde
d goods for lower value-added grains, timber, oil and minerals. They also prevented 
Japan from acquiring the capital to invest in the U.S. After all, it had to run a 
trade surplus in order to acquire productive U.S. asset
s for reasons of national survival, not mercantilism.

The emergence of the militarists grew out of this dilemma. The invasion of Manchuria 
was initiated in September 1931, a year after Smoot-Hawley began impacting Japanese 
exports, the military wresting power from civilian l
eadership. Emulating the European powers, it would ruthlessly impose a quasi empire, 
the Greater East Asia Co.-Prosperity Sphere. When President Roosevelt responded by 
further isolating Japan, his oil embargo shutting off
 an important source of Japan’s energy, the die was cast. It’s hard to argue with 
history, but it should be no surprise that the current wave of historical revisionism 
in Japan is taking place. Younger Japanese are reject
ing the U.S. explanation of Pearl Harbor as a simple act of pure military aggression. 
The failure of U.S. leadership in dealing with Japan from the early days of the 
century paved the road to the Japanese attack.

Robert L. Bartley, the editor of The Wall Street Journal and a key member of the 
American political establishment, in his Monday column, "Thinking Things Over," also 
took note of your press conference mentioning WWII and
Japan’s isolation at the time. Reading it, you can tell that he understands the grave 
errors our government made that contributed to your isolation. He uses the example to 
warn our current political leaders against isolat
ing China from our market with punitive trade legislation. In his column, he noted 
that four months after Hoover signed the 1930 tariff act, the "Japanese price of silk, 
the export and cash crop for farmers, stood at a 34
-year low."

Perhaps he did not have space to make the connection between the price of silk and the 
rise of militarism, but it is my recollection that the Hoover tariff imposed a 100% 
duty on silk imports, even though no silk was prod
uced in America. Why? Reed Smoot of Utah, chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, 
could not win over the Senators from the textile states with higher tariffs, as they 
were already heavily protected, so he won their vote
s with the prohibitively high duty on Japanese silk. As you surely know, Mr. Prime 
Minister, practically every farm in Japan made ends meet with silk worms tended by the 
farmer’s wife. Closing off the silk market was an o
utrageous hammer blow, one that drove inexorably toward Pearl Harbor.

Our only excuse was that we were new at global leadership -- the mistakes we made were 
stupid, but innocent. Now that we are thoroughly established as the leader in this 
unipolar world, there is no room for excusing simil
ar mistakes.



Jude Wanniski is author of the political-economic classic, The Way
the World Works. Wanniski's investment service,
SupplySideInvestor.com, is geared to help investors understand the
global capital markets, and his firm, Polyconomics Inc., has achieved
international recognition for its accurate forecasts and particularly
singular insight. His daily memos and weekly supply-side lessons can
be found at  Polyconomics.com.
End<{{{
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