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--- Begin Message ----Caveat Lector- http://www.dailycamera.com/bdc/nation_world_news/article/0,1713,BDC_2420_296 0071,00.html CIA vs. Guatemala, 1954 President ousted with invasion and psychological strategyBy George Gedda, Associated Press June 13, 2004 WASHINGTON - It was a time when Cold War concerns transcended all others. So when Guatemala's reformist president, Jacobo Arbenz, appointed communists to several posts in 1951, the alarm bells sounded in Washington. The CIA began drawing up contingency plans, including the assassination of leftist officials and their allies. Over time, the planning was expanded, with the CIA arming and training an anti-Arbenz "Liberation Army." On June 17, 1954 - 50 years ago this Thursday - about150 insurgents crossed the border into Guatemala from Honduras. Within days, CIA bombers were strafing the capital, Guatemala City, and agency propagandists were broadcasting fake reports about rebel battlefield triumphs. On June 27, the elected president fled the country, never to return. With his departure, Washington no longer had to worry that his social reform ideas could inspire a peasant rebellion in neighboring countries. U.S. officials also rejoiced in the knowledge that Moscow, at least for the time being, would not be able to add a Latin American country to the European and Asian ones already in its fold. For Guatemala, it was a prelude to a tragic civil war that was to last 30 years. An estimated 200,000 Guatemalans died, largely due to the excesses of the Guatemalan military. A postwar independent commission concluded that the military had committed "acts of genocide," mostly against the country's indigenous population. The civil war began about a decade after the 1954 intervention. Picked by the CIA to lead the assault against Arbenz was a Guatemalan former colonel, Carlos Castillo Armas. Arbenz believed his army would defeat the rebels, historian Douglas Kraft wrote. That seemed the case when they attacked by land and sea, meeting strong resistance and stalling. It was then that the CIA undertook the psychological campaign. "Jamming Guatemalan radio waves and broadcasting fictitious reports of an advancing rebel force, the CIA worked to unnerve the Guatemalan Army," Kraft wrote. "Simultaneously, CIA bombers strafed Guatemala City streets and dropped small bombs to arouse fear among the local population. "The military had effectively turned against Arbenz. His alternatives narrowed, the Guatemalan president ordered the military to arm peasant and labor organizations in a last ditch effort to stop Castillo Armas. The order represented Arbenz's fatal error," Kraft wrote. Arbenz's ouster was not entirely the work of the CIA. Much of the army had been alienated by what they considered reckless implementation of the land reform; peasant land invasions were common. Many Latin Americans were angry about the CIA intervention. Adolphe Berle, the State Department's troubleshooter for the region at the time, wrote in his diary: "We eliminated a communist regime at the expense of having antagonized half the hemisphere." CIA agent David Atlee Phillips wrote that Arbenz's ouster was necessary because documents he left behind "revealed a paradigm of Soviet Cold War expansionism," according to Streeter's study. Castillo Armas' presidency proved to be unpopular. He was assassinated by a member of the presidential guard in 1957. The next U.S. attempt at governmental change in Latin America failed dismally. Seven years after Guatemala, CIA-trained Cuban exiles went after Fidel Castro's government. Defeat came in less than three days. Forty-three years later, Castro and his regime survive. ------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor --------------------~--> Yahoo! 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