On Sat, 22 Jul 2000 00:51:56 -0500 (CDT) "Intl. CRT" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >Here is the actual study as reported in 7/13/2000 New England Journal >of Medicine > >The New England Journal of Medicine -- July 13, 2000 -- Vol. 343, No. 2 >Environmental and Heritable Factors in the Causation of Cancer -- >Analyses of Cohorts of Twins from Sweden, Denmark, and Finland >by: Paul Lichtenstein, Niels V. Holm, Pia K. Verkasalo, Anastasia >Iliadou, Jaakko Kaprio, Markku Koskenvuo, Eero Pukkala, Axel Skytthe, >Kari Hemminki >http://www.nejm.com/content/2000/0343/0002/0078.asp > >_________________________________ > >The New England Journal of Medicine -- July 13, 2000 -- Vol. 343, No. 2 > >Environmental and Heritable Factors in the Causation of Cancer -- >Analyses of Cohorts of Twins from Sweden, Denmark, and Finland > >Paul Lichtenstein, Niels V. Holm, Pia K. Verkasalo, Anastasia Iliadou, >Jaakko Kaprio, Markku Koskenvuo, Eero Pukkala, Axel Skytthe, Kari Hemminki > > Abstract > > Background. The contribution of hereditary factors to the causation of >sporadic cancer is unclear. Studies of twins make it possible to estimate >the overall contribution of inherited genes to the development of malignant >diseases. > > Methods. We combined data on 44,788 pairs of twins listed in the Swedish, >Danish, and Finnish twin registries in order to assess the risks of cancer >at 28 anatomical sites for the twins of persons with cancer. Statistical >modeling was used to estimate the relative importance of heritable and >environmental factors in causing cancer at 11 of those sites. > >Results. At least one cancer occurred in 10,803 persons among 9512 pairs of >twins. An increased risk was found among the twins of affected persons for >stomach, colorectal, lung, breast, and prostate cancer. Statistically > significant effects of heritable factors were observed for prostate cancer >(42 percent of the risk may be explained by heritable factors; 95 percent >confidence interval, 29 to 50 percent), colorectal cancer (35 percent; 95 >percent confidence interval, 10 to 48 percent), and breast cancer (27 >percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 4 to 41 percent). > > Conclusions. Inherited genetic factors make a minor contribution to >susceptibility to most types of neoplasms. This finding indicates that the >environment has the principal role in causing sporadic cancer. The >relatively large effect of heritability in cancer at a few sites (such as >prostate and colorectal cancer) suggests major gaps in our knowledge of the >genetics of cancer. (N Engl J Med 2000;343:78-85.) > >Source Information > > From the Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, >Stockholm, Sweden (P.L., A.I.); the Institute of Public Health >(Epidemiology) and the Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern >Denmark, Odense (N.V.H., A.S.); the Department of Public Health, >University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (P.K.V., J.K., M.K.); the >Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Oulu, Oulu, >Finland (J.K.); the Department >of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (M.K.); the Finnish >Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland (E.P.); and the Department of >Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (K.H.). Address > reprint requests to Dr. Lichtenstein at the Department of Medical >Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden, >or at [EMAIL PROTECTED] > >Related Editorial > >The full text of Original Articles is available to subscribers only after >logging on. 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