-Caveat Lector- >THE FOURTEEN POINTS, JANUARY 8, 1918 > >Wilson issued them as conditions of the peace, so that America's entry into >the war would not be a blank check for Britain, but rather transfer power to >a new international order. The 14 Points were given a lukewarm reception by >the Allies, but their apparent idealism weakened morale in Germany. > >1. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no >private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed >always frankly and in the public view. >2. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, >alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in >part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants. >3. [editor's note: Free Trade] >The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the >establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations >consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance. >4. Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be >reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety. >5. A free, open-minded, and abolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial >claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining >all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned >must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose >title is to be determined. >6. [editor's note: a welcome to the USSR] >The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all >questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of >the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and >unembarrassed opportunity for the independent termination of her own >political development and national policy and assure her of a sincere >welcome into the society of free nations under institutions of her own >choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance also of every kind that she >may need and may herself desire. The treatment accorded Russia by her sister >nations in the months to come will be the acid test of their good will, of >their comprehension of her needs as distinguished from their own interests, >and of their intelligent and unselfish sympathy. >7. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, >without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with >all other free nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to >restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves >set and determined for the government of their relations with one another. >Without this healing act the whole structure and validity of international >law is forever impaired. >8. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, >and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of >Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty >years, should be righted, in order that peace may once more be made secure >in the interest of all. >9. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly >recognizable lines of nationality. >10. The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to >see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity of >autonomous development. >11. Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied >territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and >the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by >friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and >nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic >independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should >be entered into. >12. The Turkish portions of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a >secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish >rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely >unmolested opportunity of autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should >be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all >nations under international guarantees. >13. An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the >territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be >assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and >economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by >international covenant. >14. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants >for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and >territorial integrity to great and small states alike. > > <A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/">www.ctrl.org</A> DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER ========== CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic screeds are unwelcomed. Substance—not soap-boxing—please! These are sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory'—with its many half-truths, mis- directions and outright frauds—is used politically by different groups with major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. That being said, CTRLgives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. CTRL gives no credence to Holocaust denial and nazi's need not apply. Let us please be civil and as always, Caveat Lector. ======================================================================== Archives Available at: http://peach.ease.lsoft.com/archives/ctrl.html <A HREF="http://peach.ease.lsoft.com/archives/ctrl.html">Archives of [EMAIL PROTECTED]</A> http:[EMAIL PROTECTED]/ <A HREF="http:[EMAIL PROTECTED]/">ctrl</A> ======================================================================== To subscribe to Conspiracy Theory Research List[CTRL] send email: SUBSCRIBE CTRL [to:] [EMAIL PROTECTED] To UNsubscribe to Conspiracy Theory Research List[CTRL] send email: SIGNOFF CTRL [to:] [EMAIL PROTECTED] Om
