From:

http://washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A40758-2000May31.html

Missiles Test Crash Theory

By Don Phillips
Washington Post Staff Writer
Thursday, June 1, 2000; Page A01

Investigators seeking answers to the 1996 explosion and crash of
Trans World Airlines Flight 800 fired missiles into the air from
a Florida beach last month to determine whether it is possible
that streaks of light seen by several witnesses could have been
missiles.

While investigators said they will need several weeks to analyze
data from the unannounced tests, sources familiar with the tests
said initial observations have turned up nothing to cast doubt on
the National Transportation Safety Board's preliminary
determination that no missile hit the plane. The board determined
shortly after the crash that the plane's nearly empty center fuel
tank exploded, but they so far have not determined a source of
ignition.

The Boeing 747 exploded and fell into the Atlantic Ocean, killing
all 230 people on board, on July 17, 1996, 12 minutes into a
flight from New York's John F. Kennedy Airport to Paris. Numerous
witnesses saw streaks of light in the sky. Investigators have
stressed that they still have no physical evidence of a missile
or a bomb.

Board investigators, however, decided that their probe could not
be considered complete unless they made a detailed scientific
comparison between what the witnesses said in their first
interviews with FBI agents and the sights and sounds a missile
would make in exactly the same atmospheric conditions and
lighting as that evening on the Long Island coast.

"This was a dotting of the i's and a crossing of the t's," a
source said. "Some concluded it would be very nice to know for
certain what you would see. What would a missile look like?"

In probing the air disaster, neither FBI nor board investigators
could find explosive residue or any of the telltale markings and
metallurgical changes that indicate presence of a high-energy
blast.

The FBI, which long ago announced that it was no longer looking
for a smoking bomb or missile, chose not to participate in the
latest tests.

"A missile did not strike or explode inside this plane," said an
investigative source. "There is no evidence, and there is no
possibility it could have happened and not left evidence."

The answer to how closely the tests and the witness reports mesh
is still several weeks away and will be part of the evidence
presented at the board's final hearing in late August, when it is
to determine a "probable cause" for the crash. In the meantime,
the raw data from the tests are being closely held.

Sources said, however, that the tests were conducted with "no
preconception of what would happen."

Computerized simulations by the board and the Central
Intelligence Agency in December 1997 indicated the streaks could
be the flaming fuel tank.

The light appeared to be rising because the front of the airplane
had broken away and the rest of the aircraft, including the
wings, shot upward because it was no longer weighed down by the
forward part of the fuselage.

A cottage industry has grown up around the theory that the plane
was hit by a missile.

Numerous well-known former military and government officials,
including former admiral Thomas Moorer and former presidential
press secretary Pierre Salinger, have perpetuated the missile
theory.

They have pointed out that there were numerous boats in the area
from which a missile could have been fired.

The tests were conducted in late April at Eglin Air Force Base
near Pensacola, Fla.

That time of year was chosen because the lighting conditions on
the Gulf Coast along the Florida Panhandle would be just about
the same as the conditions off Long Island in mid-July.

Meteorologists watched atmospheric conditions to determine when
they were just right. Visibility was almost unlimited the evening
of the crash, but a misty haze hung in the air. Investigators
wanted conditions to be so precise, in fact, that meteorologists
called off the tests on several nights.

Video cameras recorded the missile firings at various locations
around the base, roughly at the same distances as the witnesses
on Long Island. Observers were interviewed after each launch.

The Stingers, which are portable and can be shoulder-fired, were
placed in special launchers instead. Sources would not say how
many missiles were fired by military personnel during the tests.

Although the area around Eglin is populated, and there is no
doubt that hundreds of civilians off base saw the tests, no one
would think anything out of the ordinary was happening because
the base routinely fires Stingers in tests.

Stingers have a specific shelf life after which they cannot be
used in combat but are still safe for tests.

In fact, the sources said the Air Force often invites members of
the community in for open houses to watch missile firings "and
have them sit down and drink a beer," a source said.

"We thought we'd have to go to a lot of trouble to set this up,"
a source said. "They do these things all the time. It was easy to
do it."

One source said it was extremely unfortunate that word of the
tests began leaking out because it is possible that the data
"will in the end conclude it [a missile] is extremely unlikely"
and investigators did not want people to conclude that the tests
were prompted by any new information.

These tests will be seen at the August hearings along with
hundreds of highly detailed tests and studies of almost every
possibility and almost every system on the plane.

© 2000 The Washington Post Company



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