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How to be a KGB spy
Vasiliy Mitrokhin on the secret handbook of Russia's undercover
agents
Vasiliy Mitrokhin
Saturday February 2, 2002
The Guardian
The KGB compiled and issued intelligence and counter-intelligence
dictionaries in the 1970s. Only officers in certain operational sub-
units of the KGB were allowed access to them.
The dictionaries, designed to provide a standard, accepted definition
of intelligence terms peculiar to the solitary and self-contained
professional world of the agencies of repression, had the legal
status of regulatory acts, binding on all units of the Soviet KGB.
Behind the quasi-scientific expressions it is possible to discern the doctrine of
permissiveness, providing a criminal legal basis for any criminal act or constituting
a recommendation to carry out such acts. The dictiona
ries are the intelligence officer's book of amoral rules for activities which
jeopardise stability, the law and the social order, providing guidance on how negative
ways and means can be used to achieve positive results.
They authorise for him to do things which are forbidden by law and to flout customary
usage.
Agent-boyevik - a combat agent
An agent carrying out special tasks, including those requiring the use of arms,
explosives, special preparations and substances.
Agent vneshney razvedki KGB iz sovetskykh grazhdan - a Soviet agent of KGB foreign
Intellience
A Soviet citizen systematically carrying out secret instructions from external
intelligence on the basis of patriotic conviction, in foreign countries or on the
territory of the Soviet Union, and undertaking to keep secre
t the fact of his cooperation and its nature.
Agent-dezinformator - disinformation agent
An agent who consciously communicates to the intelligence officer with whom he is in
contact patently false information on matters of interest to intelligence, passing it
off as genuine.
Agent-razrabotchik - a cultivation agent
An agent who assesses individuals under cultivation, observes their behaviour at home
and at work, identifies contacts and the nature of their mutual relations, and carries
out other intelligence tasks against targets of
cultivation.
Brosovyy signal - disposable signal
A signal used in some forms of impersonal contact in intelligence work and intended
for a particular contact without attracting attention, namely a used or throw-away
object of no value, or a part of it (such as a lump of
stone, glass, an empty cigarette packet, orange peel, the cork from a bottle and so
forth).
Verbovka v forme pryamogo predlozheniya - recruitment by means of a direct proposal
A method of drawing a specially selected individual, who has been thoroughly studied
covertly, into secret cooperation with intelligence as an agent (under true or false
flag) by facing him directly with the question of c
arrying out intelligence assignments systematically and clandestinely on specified
terms.
Verbovka na ideyno-politicheskoy osnove - recruitment on ideological and political
grounds
Inducing a specially selected and studied individual to cooperate secretly as an agent
by exploiting his political views, his national liberation aspirations, his
nationalist inclinations, his patriotic feelings, his anti
- war and anti- imperialist convictions and other political factors.
Verbovka na komprometiruyushchikh materialakh - recruitment on the basis of
compromising materials
Inducing or forcing a specially selected and studied individual to cooperate secretly
with intelligence as an agent by threatening to expose his professional and moral
failings.
Verbovka na moralno-psikhologicheskoy osnove - recruitment on a moral and
psychological basis
Inducing a specially selected and studied individual to cooperate secretly as an agent
by exerting psychological pressure on him, by exploiting his foibles, vanity, envy,
jealousy, vengefulness, his personal sympathies an
d also his moral, professional or other failings.
Vremennyy post naruzhnogo nablyudeniya - temporary surveillance post
A place used by intelligence officers or their agents while conducting surveillance on
a target of cultivation in order to camouflage their clandestine surveillance of the
target as long as necessary. Depending on circums
tances, such posts may be selected in doorways, shops, coffee houses, tram,
trolley-bus or bus stops.
Dezinformatsionnyye materialy - disinformation materials
Material specially collected or fabricated by the intelligence service to mislead
particular circles, agencies, institutions and individuals in foreign countries
(documents, reports, articles published in periodicals or b
roadcast by radio and television, declarations by state agencies, public figures and
scholars, private anonymous letters, leaflets etc).
Zhurnalistskoye prikrytiye - journalistic cover
The official activity of an intelligence officer acting as a journalist for the
purpose of disguising his membership of the intelligence cadre and camouflaging his
intelligence work.
Zasada - an ambush
The covert deployment of counter-intelligence officers in a location which has become
known to them as the place where a foreign intelligence officer and his agent are to
meet, for the purpose of seizing them suddenly whi
le they are handling incriminating evidence of their intelligence activity.
Kampaniya shpionomanii - a spy-mania campaign
The totality of agitation and propaganda measures carried out by the state agencies of
a country using the mass information media, aimed at violently accusing another state,
its official representatives and citizens, of c
onducting widespread espionage within the country, with the object of causing
political damage to that state and limiting its scope for conducting intelligence work.
KontroInyye zakladki - test packages
Packages equipped with secret means of detecting whether they have been opened, which
are placed in a hiding place in order to check the reliability of the hiding place or
of the agent who is instructed to take them out.
Metod vnusheniya - the method of suggestion
The discreet exertion of psychological influence on an individual which ensures that
he accepts a particular idea or line of conduct uncritically.
Metod prinuzhdeniya - the method of coercion
Psychological pressure consisting of prompting an individual to behave in a certain
way against his will.
Perlyustratsiya korrespondentsii (PK) - covert examination of mail
The opening and examination (and sometimes the photographing) of mail without the
knowledge of the sender and the addressee, ensuring that the original appearance of
the package is restored.
Podstava - dangle
One of the methods used by intelligence (or counter- intelligence) to penetrate the
adversary's agent network, consisting of dangling an intelligence officer or agent
before an identified adversary officer with instructio
ns to behave in a manner which would arouse the adversary's interest and lead the
adversary to draw him into secret cooperation.
Razrabatyvayemoye litso - an individual under cultivation
An individual against whom the intelligence service is taking agent-operational
measures in order to study him and achieve specific aims (recruitment, disruption of
hostile activity, compromise and other).
Flag tserkvi - church flag
The use by the intelligence service of the religious beliefs of an individual and of
other grounds to draw him into carrying out assignments under the guise of
intelligence work on behalf of the church (Catholic, Protesta
nt, Orthodox, Judaic, Muslim or other).
Garderob operativnyy - operational wardrobe
Collection of material and technical resources used to disguise intelligence officers
and agents when they are carrying out operational assignments. It consists of items
for personal disguise designed to alter the user's
appearance (clothing and footwear, accessories, sports equipment, make up etc) and
items for group disguise (a variety of tools and appliances) which will allow officers
to appear to be working for a range of different en
terprises, establishments or special services.
lgra operativnaya - operational game
System of counter-intelligence operations and measures in which a state security
agency systematically feeds the enemy various kinds of disinformation and agent
reports containing information backed up with robust cover.
The agency achieves this by operating in the name of and with the participation of one
of its own agents, posing as a member of the enemy agent apparatus.
Kvartira-lovushka - mousetrap premises
Residential premises used by Soviet counter-intelligence to ensnare
enemy intelligence agents and the emissaries of foreign anti-Soviet
organisations.
· Extract from the KGB Lexicon: The Soviet Intelligence Officers'
Handbook, edited and introduced by Vasiliy Mitrokhin, (Frank Cass,
£35 hbk, pbk £14.95). To obtain a paperback edition for £12.95 plus
p&p, call the Guardian book service on 0870 066 7979. Delivery is 99p
or £1.99 for 1st class.
Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2002
End<{{{
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