In thinking back over this issue: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/TUSCANY-3625
as well as Simon & Raymond's mention of the Java CI spec's Section "8.2 Impact of JAX-WS Annotations on ComponentType", I realized another related spec interpretation we were making. For the reference-side of the JMS binding, we're required to set the JMS user property "scaOperationName". Currently, for an interface method like: @WebMethod(operationName = "Add") double add(double n1, double n2); we would set this 'scaOperationName' to "Add", rather than "add". (OK, I didn't test this out.. but I'm 99% sure). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ I agree this is the correct thing to do. Further, I think it is correct whether the reference is configured with interface.java or interface.wsdl. It goes along with the spirit of honoring the JSR181 annotations whenever it makes sense to do so, and it says something about what interface.java is NOT (i.e. not a reason to ignore the annotations). Not that anyone suggested otherwise... I just wanted to keep alive the understanding that this is the right way to interpret this. Scott