Hi all,
I have been trying to send data between 2 USRP's from the benchmark_tx
file only to observe that I have been receiving this error.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./benchmark_tx.py", line 147, in <module>
main()
File "./benchmark_tx.py", line 111, in main
tb = my_top_block(mods[options.modulation], options)
File "./benchmark_tx.py", line 49, in __init__
options.antenna, options.verbose)
File
"/usr/local/share/gnuradio/examples/digital/narrowband/uhd_interface.py",
line 135, in __init__
freq, gain, antenna)Hi all,
I have been trying to send data between 2 USRP's from the benchmark_tx
file only to observe that I have been receiving this error.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./benchmark_tx.py", line 147, in <module>
main()
File "./benchmark_tx.py", line 111, in main
tb = my_top_block(mods[options.modulation], options)
File "./benchmark_tx.py", line 49, in __init__
options.antenna, options.verbose)
File
"/usr/local/share/gnuradio/examples/digital/narrowband/uhd_interface.py",
line 135, in __init__
freq, gain, antenna)
File
"/usr/local/share/gnuradio/examples/digital/narrowband/uhd_interface.py",
line 62, in __init__
self._rate, self._sps = self.set_sample_rate(bitrate, sps)
File
"/usr/local/share/gnuradio/examples/digital/narrowband/uhd_interface.py",
line 70, in set_sample_rate
asked_samp_rate = bitrate * req_sps
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for *: 'float' and 'NoneType'
I am unable to understand what this error means? I have tried to search
in the Internet about this but found nothing relevant. Please advice as
to what I can do?
Thanks,
Dave
File
"/usr/local/share/gnuradio/examples/digital/narrowband/uhd_interface.py",
line 62, in __init__
self._rate, self._sps = self.set_sample_rate(bitrate, sps)
File
"/usr/local/share/gnuradio/examples/digital/narrowband/uhd_interface.py",
line 70, in set_sample_rate
asked_samp_rate = bitrate * req_sps
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for *: 'float' and 'NoneType'
I am unable to understand what this error means? I have tried to search
in the Internet about this but found nothing relevant. Please advice as
to what I can do?
Thanks,
Dave #!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright 2010,2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
# This file is part of GNU Radio
#
# GNU Radio is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
# any later version.
#
# GNU Radio is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with GNU Radio; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
# the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street,
# Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
#
from gnuradio import gr
from gnuradio import eng_notation
from gnuradio.eng_option import eng_option
from optparse import OptionParser
# From gr-digital
from gnuradio import digital
# from current dir
from transmit_path import transmit_path
from uhd_interface import uhd_transmitter
import time, struct, sys
#import os
#print os.getpid()
#raw_input('Attach and press enter')
class my_top_block(gr.top_block):
def __init__(self, modulator, options):
gr.top_block.__init__(self)
if(options.tx_freq is not None):
self.sink = uhd_transmitter(options.address, options.bitrate,
options.samples_per_symbol,
options.tx_freq, options.tx_gain,
options.antenna, options.verbose)
options.samples_per_symbol = self.sink._sps
elif(options.to_file is not None):
sys.stderr.write(("Saving samples to '%s'.\n\n" % (options.to_file)))
self.sink = gr.file_sink(gr.sizeof_gr_complex, options.to_file)
else:
sys.stderr.write("No sink defined, dumping samples to null sink.\n\n")
self.sink = gr.null_sink(gr.sizeof_gr_complex)
# do this after for any adjustments to the options that may
# occur in the sinks (specifically the UHD sink)
self.txpath = transmit_path(modulator, options)
self.connect(self.txpath, self.sink)
# /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
# main
# /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
def main():
def send_pkt(payload='', eof=False):
return tb.txpath.send_pkt(payload, eof)
mods = digital.modulation_utils.type_1_mods()
parser = OptionParser(option_class=eng_option, conflict_handler="resolve")
expert_grp = parser.add_option_group("Expert")
parser.add_option("-m", "--modulation", type="choice", choices=mods.keys(),
default='psk',
help="Select modulation from: %s [default=%%default]"
% (', '.join(mods.keys()),))
parser.add_option("-s", "--size", type="eng_float", default=1500,
help="set packet size [default=%default]")
parser.add_option("-M", "--megabytes", type="eng_float", default=1.0,
help="set megabytes to transmit [default=%default]")
parser.add_option("","--discontinuous", action="store_true", default=False,
help="enable discontinous transmission (bursts of 5 packets)")
parser.add_option("","--from-file", default=None,
help="use intput file for packet contents")
parser.add_option("","--to-file", default=None,
help="Output file for modulated samples")
transmit_path.add_options(parser, expert_grp)
uhd_transmitter.add_options(parser)
for mod in mods.values():
mod.add_options(expert_grp)
(options, args) = parser.parse_args ()
if len(args) != 0:
parser.print_help()
sys.exit(1)
if options.from_file is not None:
source_file = open(options.from_file, 'r')
# build the graph
tb = my_top_block(mods[options.modulation], options)
r = gr.enable_realtime_scheduling()
if r != gr.RT_OK:
print "Warning: failed to enable realtime scheduling"
tb.start() # start flow graph
# generate and send packets
nbytes = int(1e6 * options.megabytes)
n = 0
pktno = 0
pkt_size = int(options.size)
while n < nbytes:
if options.from_file is None:
data = (pkt_size - 2) * chr(pktno & 0xff)
else:
data = source_file.read(pkt_size - 2)
if data == '':
break;
payload = struct.pack('!H', pktno & 0xffff) + data
send_pkt(payload)
n += len(payload)
sys.stderr.write('.')
if options.discontinuous and pktno % 5 == 4:
time.sleep(1)
pktno += 1
send_pkt(eof=True)
tb.wait() # wait for it to finish
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
main()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright 2010,2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
# This file is part of GNU Radio
#
# GNU Radio is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
# any later version.
#
# GNU Radio is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with GNU Radio; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
# the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street,
# Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
#
from gnuradio import gr, uhd
from gnuradio import eng_notation
from gnuradio.eng_option import eng_option
from optparse import OptionParser
import sys
def add_freq_option(parser):
"""
Hackery that has the -f / --freq option set both tx_freq and rx_freq
"""
def freq_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser):
parser.values.rx_freq = value
parser.values.tx_freq = value
if not parser.has_option('--freq'):
parser.add_option('-f', '--freq', type="eng_float",
action="callback", callback=freq_callback,
help="set Tx and/or Rx frequency to FREQ [default=%default]",
metavar="FREQ")
class uhd_interface:
def __init__(self, istx, args, bitrate, sps, freq=None,
gain=None, antenna=None):
if(istx):
self.u = uhd.usrp_sink(device_addr=args,
io_type=uhd.io_type.COMPLEX_FLOAT32,
num_channels=1)
else:
self.u = uhd.usrp_source(device_addr=args,
io_type=uhd.io_type.COMPLEX_FLOAT32,
num_channels=1)
self._args = args
self._ant = antenna
self._gain = self.set_gain(gain)
self._freq = self.set_freq(freq)
self._rate, self._sps = self.set_sample_rate(bitrate, sps)
if(antenna):
self.u.set_antenna(antenna, 0)
def set_sample_rate(self, bitrate, req_sps):
start_sps = req_sps
while(True):
asked_samp_rate = bitrate * req_sps
self.u.set_samp_rate(asked_samp_rate)
actual_samp_rate = self.u.get_samp_rate()
sps = actual_samp_rate/bitrate
if(sps < 2):
req_sps +=1
else:
actual_sps = sps
break
if(sps != req_sps):
print "\nBit Rate: %f" % (bitrate)
print "Requested sps: %f" % (start_sps)
print "Given sample rate: %f" % (actual_samp_rate)
print "Actual sps for rate: %f" % (actual_sps)
if(actual_samp_rate != asked_samp_rate):
print "\nRequested sample rate: %f" % (asked_samp_rate)
print "Actual sample rate: %f" % (actual_samp_rate)
return (actual_samp_rate, actual_sps)
def get_sample_rate(self):
return self.u.get_samp_rate()
def set_gain(self, gain=None):
if gain is None:
# if no gain was specified, use the mid-point in dB
g = self.u.get_gain_range()
gain = float(g.start()+g.stop())/2
print "\nNo gain specified."
print "Setting gain to %f (from [%f, %f])" % \
(gain, g.start(), g.stop())
self.u.set_gain(gain, 0)
return gain
def set_freq(self, freq=None):
if(freq is None):
sys.stderr.write("You must specify -f FREQ or --freq FREQ\n")
sys.exit(1)
r = self.u.set_center_freq(freq, 0)
if r:
return freq
else:
frange = self.u.get_freq_range()
sys.stderr.write(("\nRequested frequency (%f) out or range [%f, %f]\n") % \
(freq, frange.start(), frange.stop()))
sys.exit(1)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------#
# TRANSMITTER
#-------------------------------------------------------------------#
class uhd_transmitter(uhd_interface, gr.hier_block2):
def __init__(self, args, bitrate, sps, freq=None, gain=None,
antenna=None, verbose=False):
gr.hier_block2.__init__(self, "uhd_transmitter",
gr.io_signature(1,1,gr.sizeof_gr_complex),
gr.io_signature(0,0,0))
# Set up the UHD interface as a transmitter
uhd_interface.__init__(self, True, args, bitrate, sps,
freq, gain, antenna)
self.connect(self, self.u)
if(verbose):
self._print_verbage()
def add_options(parser):
add_freq_option(parser)
parser.add_option("-a", "--args", type="string", default="",
help="UHD device address args [default=%default]")
parser.add_option("-A", "--antenna", type="string", default=None,
help="select Rx Antenna where appropriate")
parser.add_option("", "--tx-freq", type="eng_float", default=None,
help="set transmit frequency to FREQ [default=%default]",
metavar="FREQ")
parser.add_option("", "--tx-gain", type="eng_float", default=None,
help="set transmit gain in dB (default is midpoint)")
parser.add_option("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true", default=False)
# Make a static method to call before instantiation
add_options = staticmethod(add_options)
def _print_verbage(self):
"""
Prints information about the UHD transmitter
"""
print "\nUHD Transmitter:"
print "Args: %s" % (self._args)
print "Freq: %sHz" % (eng_notation.num_to_str(self._freq))
print "Gain: %f dB" % (self._gain)
print "Sample Rate: %ssps" % (eng_notation.num_to_str(self._rate))
print "Antenna: %s" % (self._ant)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------#
# RECEIVER
#-------------------------------------------------------------------#
class uhd_receiver(uhd_interface, gr.hier_block2):
def __init__(self, args, bitrate, sps, freq=None, gain=None,
antenna=None, verbose=False):
gr.hier_block2.__init__(self, "uhd_receiver",
gr.io_signature(0,0,0),
gr.io_signature(1,1,gr.sizeof_gr_complex))
# Set up the UHD interface as a receiver
uhd_interface.__init__(self, False, args, bitrate, sps,
freq, gain, antenna)
self.connect(self.u, self)
if(verbose):
self._print_verbage()
def add_options(parser):
add_freq_option(parser)
parser.add_option("-a", "--args", type="string", default="",
help="UHD device address args [default=%default]")
parser.add_option("-A", "--antenna", type="string", default=None,
help="select Rx Antenna where appropriate")
parser.add_option("", "--rx-freq", type="eng_float", default=None,
help="set receive frequency to FREQ [default=%default]",
metavar="FREQ")
parser.add_option("", "--rx-gain", type="eng_float", default=None,
help="set receive gain in dB (default is midpoint)")
if not parser.has_option("--verbose"):
parser.add_option("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true", default=False)
# Make a static method to call before instantiation
add_options = staticmethod(add_options)
def _print_verbage(self):
"""
Prints information about the UHD receiver
"""
print "\nUHD Receiver:"
print "UHD Args: %s" % (self._args)
print "Freq: %sHz" % (eng_notation.num_to_str(self._freq))
print "Gain: %f dB" % (self._gain)
print "Sample Rate: %ssps" % (eng_notation.num_to_str(self._rate))
print "Antenna: %s" % (self._ant)
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