Re: [Elecraft] Battery Charging with DC Power Supply

2009-06-08 Thread Wes Stewart
Finally, a voice of reason. --- On Sun, 6/7/09, dave wrote: From: dave Subject: Re: [Elecraft] Battery Charging with DC Power Supply To: mzil...@verizon.net Cc: Elecraft@mailman.qth.net, "Bill Miner" Date: Sunday, June 7, 2009, 11:36 PM I'm not quite sure what is meant by the term 'uncontrol

Re: [Elecraft] Battery Charging with DC Power Supply

2009-06-08 Thread Wes Stewart
Since Astron has been mentioned in this thread, I'll use that as an example. The SCR that is part of the crowbar is connected directly across the output terminals of the supply.  When used normally, the firing of the SCR shorts the output and the supply goes into current limit, if still function

Re: [Elecraft] Tr: K3 Ref connector

2009-05-17 Thread Wes Stewart
--- On Sun, 5/17/09, Brendan Minish wrote: > From: Brendan Minish > Subject: Re: [Elecraft] Tr: K3 Ref connector > To: "David Pratt" > Cc: elecraft@mailman.qth.net, "Dave G4AON" > Date: Sunday, May 17, 2009, 6:44 AM > On Sat, 2009-05-16 at 08:03 +0100, > David Pratt wrote: > > The connector

Re: [Elecraft] Tr: K3 Ref connector

2009-05-16 Thread Wes Stewart
I guess I'm missing the reason for having such precision. How can it make sense to have a precision standard for a receiver that changes the tuned frequency when the DSP bandwidth is changed? Wes N7WS --- On Sat, 5/16/09, Craig wrote: > From: Craig > Subject: [Elecraft] Tr: K3 Ref connecto

Re: [Elecraft] N3FJP FD Logger

2009-05-13 Thread Wes Stewart
Exactly. > Writelog and N1MM are both more > powerful software packages but how much > power do you need for field day? We're not talking about > dedicated CQ WW > teams who get together and practice using software for > three months > prior. For the most part FJP's FD logger gets used by fol

Re: [Elecraft] External speakers for K3?

2009-05-13 Thread Wes Stewart
Sold. --- On Tue, 5/12/09, Wes Stewart wrote: > From: Wes Stewart > Subject: Re: [Elecraft] External speakers for K3? > To: elecraft@mailman.qth.net > Date: Tuesday, May 12, 2009, 10:20 AM > I'm using a pair of Optimus Pro > 7AV.  These are heavy metal-cased units that

Re: [Elecraft] External speakers for K3?

2009-05-12 Thread Wes Stewart
I'm using a pair of Optimus Pro 7AV. These are heavy metal-cased units that look really nice with the K3. They look like the first ones in this link, except they have a textured black finish. http://www.angelfire.com/vt/audio/minimus.html I have a spare pair for sale if anyone is interested.

Re: [Elecraft] N3FJP FD Logger

2009-05-12 Thread Wes Stewart
Sorry Bill but I have no experience with the program keying the rig or using it with the K3. I use it as a logging program and do my own keying. My rig was and is until my K3 comes back from Aptos, a TS870. My usual logging program is DXBase but the N3FJP is excellent for FD and does all of

Re: [Elecraft] K3: N1MM for Field Day

2009-05-11 Thread Wes Stewart
Why don't you just use N3FJP's Field Day logger instead? __ Elecraft mailing list Home: http://mailman.qth.net/mailman/listinfo/elecraft Help: http://mailman.qth.net/mmfaq.htm Post: mailto:Elecraft@mailman.qth.net This list ho

Re: [Elecraft] dBi dBd correction

2009-05-07 Thread Wes Stewart
ports -9.7 dBi or ~ -11.8 dBd. As a ratio this = 0.065. Dividing 50 by 0.065 we find that the allowable input power is ~765 W. You write this stuff down in your station engineering notes justifying your assumptions and operate in good faith. Wes Stewart, N7WS --- On Thu, 5/7/09, Guy, K

Re: [Elecraft] Driveway Distortion Demolition Derby

2009-05-06 Thread Wes Stewart
--- On Wed, 5/6/09, Joe Subich, W4TV wrote: > From: Joe Subich, W4TV > Subject: Re: [Elecraft] Driveway Distortion Demolition Derby > To: "'Ron D'Eau Claire'" , elecraft@mailman.qth.net > Date: Wednesday, May 6, 2009, 10:30 AM > > Wes is quite right for the USA at least, and to make it > eas

Re: [Elecraft] [OT] K3 Strong signals

2009-05-06 Thread Wes Stewart
Bob writes: > In this case, I think a reasonable analogy would be if one > was to take a > Lamborghini Countach off-road instead of a Jeep or other 4 > wheel drive > vehicle. It just does not make any sense to do so. How about if it's a Lamborghini LM series? http://www.lambocars.com/archive/lm

Re: [Elecraft] Driveway Distortion Demolition Derby

2009-05-05 Thread Wes Stewart
--- On Wed, 5/6/09, Bruce Bowman, NM5B wrote: > From: Bruce Bowman, NM5B > Subject: Re: [Elecraft] Driveway Distortion Demolition Derby > To: elecraft@mailman.qth.net > Date: Wednesday, May 6, 2009, 12:15 AM > Unrelated to the K3 performance complaint, what happened to > the 50 watt > PEP limi

Re: [Elecraft] K3 Strong signals

2009-05-05 Thread Wes Stewart
--- On Tue, 5/5/09, rfenab...@gmail.com wrote among other stuff: "I am not having a dig at anyone here" Of course you are. __ Elecraft mailing list Home: http://mailman.qth.net/mailman/listinfo/elecraft Help: http://mailma

Re: [Elecraft] K3 on-channel strong signal overload?

2009-05-05 Thread Wes Stewart
I started composing a message yesterday about this and got called away. Paul has now sort of beaten me to it, but what I had written was: "Seems to me that the radio ought to be smart enough to correct (at least partially) these issues. If the preamp needs disabling and/or the attenuator need

Re: [Elecraft] K3 on-channel strong signal overload?

2009-05-04 Thread Wes Stewart
to get this right. :-) You got the right answer (86 dB) but when using your slide rule you didn't keep track of the decimal point. One volt is 20,000 * 50 uV. Wes Stewart, N7WS __ Elecraft mailing list Home: http://mailman.

Re: [Elecraft] K3 Kit Building

2009-05-01 Thread Wes Stewart
#x27;s a photo of an amplifier I built about 30 years ago that shows what I'm talking about (although for *really* tight shielding twice as many screws would be called for): http://k6mhe.com/n7ws/N7WS_8877_1.jpg Wes Stewart, N7WS ps. If you would like to own this, contact me off list.

Re: [Elecraft] oh no, another crazy audio idea from Holland

2009-04-28 Thread Wes Stewart
ours (phones on) without fatigue. Wes Stewart, N7WS > If you really want great sounding ssb, turn off the AGC, > turn on the AF > Limiter and throttle RF/AF gain. > > 73, > Barry N1EU __ Elecraft mailing list Hom

Re: [Elecraft] OT - RG6 dual coax as feedline?

2009-04-25 Thread Wes Stewart
It can certainly be used as a balanced 150-ohm transmission line, but I would stay away from any applications where it operated at appreciable SWR. In other words, both of the applications you propose. Wes N7WS > My > extensive searching has not uncovered any transmitting > applications for

Re: [Elecraft] keying ration control

2009-04-17 Thread Wes Stewart
My key, was made by J.H.Bunnell and given to me when I was a kid, by a guy who had actually used it at W.U. http://chss.montclair.edu/~pererat/1458.jpg (Mine is in much better shape) What a marriage; a 20th Century ham keying a 21st Century radio with a 19t

Re: [Elecraft] K3 add on kit idea

2009-04-17 Thread Wes Stewart
What would also be nice is to have an option to map memories 0-9 to the KIO Band Outputs. This would allow for instance, selecting remote antenna matching networks within "the same band." Seventy-five and 80-meters leaps to mind. Switching directional antennas might be another possibility.

Re: [Elecraft] K3s in the Field & Beta 3.10

2009-04-16 Thread Wes Stewart
g to be a real pain to replace. Ironically, after 10+ years of flawless operation my first failure occurs when I buy what is supposed to be a replacement radio. Too many functions, not enough buttons. Wes Stewart N7WS --- On Thu, 4/16/09, Ed K1EP wrote: > Although a good addition for safety

Re: [Elecraft] K3: Audio Blast attack

2009-04-08 Thread Wes Stewart
I had something similar (or perhaps the same) happen to me a few days ago, only I had headphones on. Likewise I don't remember the exact circumstance. I do remember getting yelled at by the XYL in the next room, however. And I was never even in the Navy. --- On Wed, 4/8/09, Steve Ellington

Re: [Elecraft] NR and Audio increase

2009-04-08 Thread Wes Stewart
I can almost guarantee this is going to be another one of those, "My radio doesn't act like that threads." The reason being, this phenomenon is level sensitive. With a weak signal the noise reduction lowers the signal strength but above a certain level, it increases the signal dramatically.

Re: [Elecraft] AM RX bandwith

2009-04-08 Thread Wes Stewart
s, the DSP BW is *not* independent of the i-f filter BW. Of course it can be argued that the readouts are displaying the audio pass-band and this is to be expected. But I think this is wrong. Perhaps some of the reports of lousy audio result from this mistake. Wes Stewart, N7WS --- On

Re: [Elecraft] Fw: Inductive relay "kick"

2009-04-07 Thread Wes Stewart
There is a lesson here: before making any pronouncements, check Jack's website for the test results first. --- On Tue, 4/7/09, Jack Smith wrote: > From: Jack Smith > Subject: Re: [Elecraft] Fw: Inductive relay "kick" > To: "Bill Coleman" > Cc: elecraft@mailman.qth.net, "WCØV" > Date: Tues

[Elecraft] OT:LED Lighting

2009-04-06 Thread Wes Stewart
There was some earlier discussion about LED lighting and I thought this article might be "illuminating". http://electronicdesign.com/Articles/ArticleID/20825/20825.html Wes Stewart N7S __ Elecraft mailing list

[Elecraft] [K3] Ref Osc Cal Method 4

2009-04-06 Thread Wes Stewart
that it's complicated and inexact, so "nearly" seems to be the best that I've seem. The "Shift" control setting does affect the beat note. This is generally inaudible, but on some frequencies, I've heard it by ear. This is true in CW too, so Method 2 carr

Re: [Elecraft] My K3's hissy and noisy audio

2009-04-05 Thread Wes Stewart
--- On Sun, 4/5/09, Steve Ellington wrote: > The exception proves the rule. And what's that supposed to mean? __ Elecraft mailing list Home: http://mailman.qth.net/mailman/listinfo/elecraft Help: http://mailman.qth.net/mmf

Re: [Elecraft] My K3's hissy and noisy audio

2009-04-05 Thread Wes Stewart
--- On Sun, 4/5/09, Steve Ellington wrote: > From: Steve Ellington > Subject: Re: [Elecraft] My K3's hissy and noisy audio > To: ev...@pa2kw.com, "'Maarten van Rossum'" , > "'Elecraft Group'" > Cc: "'Gary Surrency'" > Date: Sunday, April 5, 2009, 11:47 AM > Those that have complained abou

Re: [Elecraft] K3 external speaker

2009-04-04 Thread Wes Stewart
I'm using a pair of Optimus PRO 7AVs. These work well and the look of the black, all metal case matches the K3 very nicely. I have a spare pair for sale for %50.00 shipped CONUS. Please contact off list if interested. Wes N7WS --- On Sat, 4/4/09, r miles wrote: > From: r miles > Subject

[Elecraft] Does this void the warranty?

2009-03-28 Thread Wes Stewart
http://www.vk9gmw.com/index.php?page=photo&shot=Marion_013 No ESD strap. Wes N7WS __ Elecraft mailing list Home: http://mailman.qth.net/mailman/listinfo/elecraft Help: http://mailman.qth.net/mmfaq.htm Post: mailto:Elecraft@mai

Re: [Elecraft] Width of AM filter

2009-03-26 Thread Wes Stewart
I was going to suggest an LC filter for non-critical work. If Elecraft would supply "replacement" carrier boards with the pin sockets either mounted or available it would be nice. --- On Thu, 3/26/09, VE3NFK wrote: > From: VE3NFK > Subject: Re: [Elecraft] Width of AM filter > To: elecraft@m

Re: [Elecraft] K3 Tuning encoder pulses and birdie problem

2009-03-25 Thread Wes Stewart
I have to strain to hear the birdie, but the tuning pulses sound like tuning across a radar. These are actually worse with the preamp off, since the added noise with it on masks the pulses to some extent. They are of course, worse with wider bandwidth, since there are more of them to hear at

Re: [Elecraft] K3 Squelch

2009-03-23 Thread Wes Stewart
In playing with the scanning feature I've seen that there is some measure of squelch even in SSB, in that the receiver scans quietly until it encounters a signal and then pauses with the audio active for a time and then resumes scanning. My magic decoder ring has not pointed me to how the sens

[Elecraft] Six-meter scanning

2009-03-21 Thread Wes Stewart
I see in the manual that in "some countries" scanning of some bands isn't allowed and in some countries six-meter scanning may be disabled. My radio will not scan six-meters, so I checked the archives and saw that others have asked about this. Unless I'm mistaken (always a good possibility) t

Re: [Elecraft] OT Wet 450 ohm ladder line

2009-03-17 Thread Wes Stewart
Indeed I did. However, a few more words. The experiments that I ran were by necessity somewhat contrived and weren't very repeatable. What I was attempting to show was that there can be a detrimental effect when these lines become moist. Roy Lewallen, W7EL, has also written about this. The

Re: [Elecraft] Elecraft] 43' Vertical and the K2 tuner

2009-03-16 Thread Wes Stewart
I remember one in particular, circa 1959. I had been licensed about a year and needed a tower. My then neighbor and Elmer the late Lee, W7UVR, had a 30' aluminum one laying in his yard and I asked him to "donate" it to me. He said that if I helped him install the ground radials under his V80 h

Re: [Elecraft] K3's RF Clipping Speech Processing

2009-03-16 Thread Wes Stewart
--- On Mon, 3/16/09, Julian, G4ILO wrote: > From: Julian, G4ILO > Subject: Re: [Elecraft] K3's RF Clipping Speech Processing > To: elecraft@mailman.qth.net > Date: Monday, March 16, 2009, 2:06 AM > Wes Stewart wrote: > > > > > > Nice job (as always

Re: [Elecraft] K3's RF Clipping Speech Processing

2009-03-15 Thread Wes Stewart
Nice job (as always). I haven't had a chance to really study it in depth, but one comment" audio clipping is a viable method too. Wes N7WS --- On Sun, 3/15/09, Jack Smith wrote: > From: Jack Smith > Subject: [Elecraft] K3's RF Clipping Speech Processing > To: "'Elecraft'" > Date: Sunday,

Re: [Elecraft] Your thoughts on EMP and protecting K3/K2

2009-03-14 Thread Wes Stewart
Replace all of the solid state stuff with vacuum tubes. Some of the ways semiconductors are affected are noted here: http://www.mse.vt.edu/faculty/hendricks/mse4206/projects97/group02/effects.htm In some tactical missiles, single events are dealt with with nuclear event detectors (NED) that sh

Re: [Elecraft] Idiom Press CMOS-4 ( emulation of other keyers)

2009-03-09 Thread Wes Stewart
--- On Mon, 3/9/09, dw wrote: > From: dw > Subject: [Elecraft] Idiom Press CMOS-4 ( emulation of other keyers) > To: "Elecraft_List" > Date: Monday, March 9, 2009, 2:14 PM > Hey All, > > The CMOS-4 advertisement indicates that it can emulate > other keyers. > I'm guessing that means that i

Re: [Elecraft] I think its time for me to apologize to the group.

2009-03-05 Thread Wes Stewart
--- On Thu, 3/5/09, Ron D'Eau Claire wrote: > From: Ron D'Eau Claire > Subject: Re: [Elecraft] I think its time for me to apologize to the group. > To: "'Elecraft_List'" > Date: Thursday, March 5, 2009, 5:55 PM > Don wrote: > > Point of information - the QRP crowd got me back into the > ar

Re: [Elecraft] Your Opinion: The realities of QRP vs. QRO

2009-03-05 Thread Wes Stewart
Life is too short for QRP __ Elecraft mailing list Home: http://mailman.qth.net/mailman/listinfo/elecraft Help: http://mailman.qth.net/mmfaq.htm Post: mailto:Elecraft@mailman.qth.net This list hosted by: http://www.qsl.net Pleas

Re: [Elecraft] To: Elecraft- Suggestions

2009-03-02 Thread Wes Stewart
--- On Mon, 3/2/09, Charles wrote: > From: Charles > Subject: Re: [Elecraft] To: Elecraft- Suggestions > To: elecraft@mailman.qth.net > Date: Monday, March 2, 2009, 11:17 AM > On Monday 02 March 2009 14:57:08 -.-. --.-N3TU -.-. --.- > wrote: > > Is it possible to have the radio go down to .1

Re: [Elecraft] External keyers with K3

2009-03-01 Thread Wes Stewart
That's backwards from my experience. My TS870 has a built in Logikey that works beautifully. Even though I've been sending the numeral 7 for over 50 years, with the K3 it comes out M S when I try to program the CW memories. --- On Sun, 3/1/09, Jack Colson wrote: > From: Jack Colson > Subj

Re: [Elecraft] New K3 Firmware: Pileup-inspired AGC changes

2009-02-26 Thread Wes Stewart
between no modulation and modulation peaks. I guess I'm old fashioned but I thought that the AM carrier strength should set the AGC level. This peak-reading AGC may also be a contributor to the distorted audio that has been widely reported. Wes Stewart, N7WS _

Re: [Elecraft] KX-1 what do you use for an antenna when you're in a place with no trees to throw the vertical up?

2009-02-25 Thread Wes Stewart
Unless you're camped on a salt water beach, use that pole to support an inverted vee (which can be part of the guy system). --- On Wed, 2/25/09, Garrett, Russ wrote: > From: Garrett, Russ > Subject: Re: [Elecraft] KX-1 what do you use for an antenna when you're in a > place with no trees to

Re: [Elecraft] KX-1 what do you use for an antenna when you're in a place with no trees to throw the vertical up?

2009-02-25 Thread Wes Stewart
I have a couple of used 40' fiberglass "hot sticks" that a guy was selling locally some time ago. They're not backpacking light and even as stout as they look, they're pretty limber and need some guying. The other downside: they're bright yellow except the top section which is day-glow green.

Re: [Elecraft] K3 receiver desensing on CW during contest

2009-02-25 Thread Wes Stewart
--- On Wed, 2/25/09, Bill W5WVO wrote: This point is brought home all the time here in Albuquerque, where we have to deal with the radiation from ten or more TV/FM analog transmitters line-of-sight on top of Sandia Crest. While all these transmitters except Channel 2 have fundamentals well ab

Re: [Elecraft] How long until K3 is declared the greatest rig of all time?

2009-02-17 Thread Wes Stewart
--- On Tue, 2/17/09, Vic K2VCO wrote: > Wes Stewart wrote: > > > Herb Johnson and Swan were the Eric, Wayne and > Elecraft of the day. > > I hardly think W & E would sell a product designed to > appeal to CBers operating with illegal power and VFOs! > Co

Re: [Elecraft] How long until K3 is declared the greatest rig of all time?

2009-02-17 Thread Wes Stewart
> > And one mustn't forget the various Swan transceivers, > starting with the > SW-175, SW-140 and SW-120 made in a garage in Benson, > Arizona in the > very early 60's. Then the SW-240 and in 1965 the SW-350 > (and its long > line of variants) brought SSB and the transceiver concept > into th

Re: [Elecraft] OT: RF Clipper "works with Elecraft"

2009-02-06 Thread Wes Stewart
Careful reading of the TenTec ad will show, by what they omit, the problem with RF clipping: the intermodulation distortion. If you are not a K3 owner, or have another radio, and are interested in an add-on device then you might look at Note no. 5 here: http://k6mhe.com/n7ws/ I sold a couple o

Re: [Elecraft] K3 AM reception

2009-02-02 Thread Wes Stewart
Regards, Wes --- On Mon, 2/2/09, Bill W4ZV wrote: > From: Bill W4ZV > Subject: Re: [Elecraft] K3 AM reception > To: elecraft@mailman.qth.net > Date: Monday, February 2, 2009, 10:01 AM > Wes Stewart wrote: > > > > Following are links to plots that demonstrate some of >

Re: [Elecraft] K3 AM reception

2009-02-02 Thread Wes Stewart
--- On Sun, 2/1/09, Jim Garland <4cx2...@muohio.edu wrote: > I've been reading a thread on another email reflector about the K3's audio > response on AM. One of the reflector participants is a serious SWBC listener > and is very dissatisfied with his K3's AM audio. He has pointed out a few > th

Re: [Elecraft] Unlisted improvements with 2.80

2009-01-30 Thread Wes Stewart
--- On Fri, 1/30/09, Ignacy wrote: > From: Ignacy > Subject: [Elecraft] Unlisted improvements with 2.80 > To: elecraft@mailman.qth.net > Date: Friday, January 30, 2009, 8:31 AM > LO adjustment is now smooth and does not jump from 0.00 to > 0.20 like before. Doesn't work that way with my K3.

Re: [Elecraft] K3/100 input voltage and TX IMD

2009-01-28 Thread Wes Stewart
--- On Wed, 1/28/09, Ian Maude wrote: > This was what I was saying in my post the other day Don. If the rig does not have good IMD over 100W and Elecraft say we should not run it over 100W, why does the radio allow me to turn it up? > IMHO, the power level on SSB should stop at 100W.

Re: [Elecraft] Six meter birdies

2009-01-07 Thread Wes Stewart
I read the digests, so I won't quote all of the helpful responses I've received on this topic but will add on here. Let me restate, the K3 was operated without an antenna and just a 50-ohm termination on the antenna connector. The only other piece of equipment operating in the shack was the As

[Elecraft] Six meter birdies.

2009-01-05 Thread Wes Stewart
I'm still playing with my new K3 and finally got around to listening on 6-meters. There are so many birdies as to make it unusable. At first I thought they might be external, and some were generated in my Lenovo laptop, but shutting it down and terminating the K3 antenna port with a load doesn

[Elecraft] Quick Memory operation

2009-01-02 Thread Wes Stewart
I'm a new owner of a K3 and am still learning its operation. At the moment, it's not fully incorporated into my station, but is side-by-side with my Kenwood TS-870 for some comparison/familiarization. A few minutes ago I was on 80-meter CW listening to JD1BLY working a mini-pileup. He was bar

[Elecraft] Transmit noise gating

2008-10-12 Thread Wes Stewart
Although I continue to await the arrival of my K3, I'm pleased to see the incorporation of the noise gating feature. I started using something similar almost 30 years ago. Shortly after the publication of my article, "Split-band Speech Processor" in the September 1979 issue of the old Ham Radi

RE: [Elecraft] Toroids frequency range and baluns

2008-09-20 Thread Wes Stewart
Ron wrote: > So-called "baluns" that transform impedances are, typically, transformers -- often transmission-line transformers. There is a type of "choke" balun that is both a balanced-to-unbalanced device and an impedance transformer at once. Connecting two ferrite-loaded transmission line bal

[Elecraft] Toroids frequency range and baluns

2008-09-19 Thread Wes Stewart
Bob W1SRB writes: >There have been several e-mail threads recently about ferrite cores and about baluns and transmission line loss with high SWR. Related to this is a question that I haven't seen addressed anywhere - toroids all have a specified frequency range but what happens when they're us

Re: [Elecraft] K3 Transmit IMD

2008-04-04 Thread Wes Stewart
--- "Eric Swartz - WA6HHQ, Elecraft" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > The K3 firmware used for the original QST review did > not turn off the > K3's RF speech compressor clipper even when the > compressor was set to > zero for their TX IMD two tone test. This resulted > in a significant > increase

[Elecraft] K3 Transmit IMD

2008-04-04 Thread Wes Stewart
Well, I've seeming stirred up a hornets' nest, or as we have in Southern Arizona, an Africanized ("killer") honeybees' nest. I do stand corrected about a response from Elecraft regarding this subject that I failed to see. http://www.mail-archive.com/elecraft@mailman.qth.net/msg50667.html Furthe

[Elecraft] K3 Transmit IMD

2008-04-04 Thread Wes Stewart
d they have to deal with all of the garbage transmitted by their neighbors. Shouldn't the K3 be a better, not worse, neighbor than the competition? So I humbly propose a new transceiver "composite" test. Receiver performance shall be measured by using two other like transceiv

[Elecraft] OT:G5RV thoughts

2007-05-19 Thread Wes Stewart
I realize that this is off-topic but allow me a few thoughts about the ongoing G5RV discussion. I have placed Varney's original paper here: www.k6mhe.com/n7ws/G5RV.PDF Reading this will reveal the following: 1. Varney *did* intend to operate the antenna on multiple bands, although 20-meters was

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