I wound up solving this myself by painstakingly looking at a kernel of
a working machine and getting all of the network-related options to
match.

Here is the gist of the changes I had to make to the kernel to get
this to work: https://gist.github.com/afalko/034966bf72f5da8070d5829c8aac40e4

I followed it up by rebuilding the kernel like so:
MAKEOPTS="-j4" make && make modules && make modules_install && make
install && make mo
dules_prepare && emerge @module-rebuild

Hopefully this might help another poor soul who might get stuck on this.

-Andrey
On Fri, Nov 16, 2018 at 1:34 AM Andrey F. <ma3ox...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> Hi everyone,
>
> I have a newly provisioned machine and for the life of me, I can't get
> iptables working. Here is the error:
>
> # iptables -L
> iptables v1.6.1: can't initialize iptables table `filter': Table does
> not exist (do you need to i
> nsmod?)
> Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.
>
> # lsmod
> Module                  Size  Used by
> ip_tables              24576  0
>
> I see the same error after manually modprobing iptable_filter:
>
> # modprobe iptable_filter
> # lsmod
> Module                  Size  Used by
> iptable_filter         16384  0
> ip_tables              24576  1 iptable_filter
>
> I've also tried building it into the kernel, with no luck. On the
> userspace-side I've went as far is doing a full "emerge -e iptables".
> I tried upgrading to iptables-1.8 too. I also tried upgrading kernel
> headers to match the version of the kernel I'm currnetly running.
> Nothing I do can get it to work.
>
> # uname -r
> 4.18.18
>
> Thanks in advance for any suggestions!
> -Andrey
>
> P.S. Below are my related kernel settings. I tried to make them all
> built-in, but that didn't work.
>
> # zcat /proc/config.gz | grep NETF | grep -v XT
> CONFIG_NETFILTER=y
> CONFIG_NETFILTER_ADVANCED=y
> CONFIG_BRIDGE_NETFILTER=y
> CONFIG_NETFILTER_INGRESS=y
> CONFIG_NETFILTER_NETLINK=y
> CONFIG_NETFILTER_FAMILY_BRIDGE=y
> CONFIG_NETFILTER_FAMILY_ARP=y
> CONFIG_NETFILTER_NETLINK_ACCT=y
> CONFIG_NETFILTER_NETLINK_QUEUE=y
> CONFIG_NETFILTER_NETLINK_LOG=y
> CONFIG_NETFILTER_CONNCOUNT=y
> CONFIG_NETFILTER_NETLINK_GLUE_CT=y
> CONFIG_NETFILTER_SYNPROXY=y
>
> # zcat /proc/config.gz | grep IPTA
> CONFIG_IP_NF_IPTABLES=m
> CONFIG_IP6_NF_IPTABLES=y
>
> # zcat /proc/config.gz | grep IP_NF
> CONFIG_IP_NF_IPTABLES=m
> CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_AH=m
> CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_ECN=m
> CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_RPFILTER=m
> CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_TTL=m
> CONFIG_IP_NF_FILTER=m
> CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_REJECT=m
> CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_SYNPROXY=m
> CONFIG_IP_NF_NAT=m
> CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_MASQUERADE=m
> CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_NETMAP=m
> CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_REDIRECT=m
> CONFIG_IP_NF_MANGLE=m
> CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_CLUSTERIP=m
> CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_ECN=m
> CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_TTL=m
> # CONFIG_IP_NF_RAW is not set
> CONFIG_IP_NF_SECURITY=m
> CONFIG_IP_NF_ARPTABLES=y
> CONFIG_IP_NF_ARPFILTER=y
> CONFIG_IP_NF_ARP_MANGLE=y

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