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>>> <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 08/07/2005 11:10 >>> Kate Bunting found this entry in Oxford Reference Online and thought that you'd like to see it. I believe "damask" is a much older name (derived from Damascus) for a fabric with a pattern woven into it. Oxford Reference Online is an online subscription service offering fully searchable access to 100 of Oxford's dictionary and reference titles. A New Dictionary of Eponyms Jacquard Jacquard is the name of an elaborate woven design found in tablecloth damask, bedspreads, and brocades. The weave gets its name from the Jacquard loom, on which flower designs or even pictures of men and women can be woven. The name jacquard is also used for a type of knitting that requires a machine somewhat like the Jacquard loom to make changes in color or design. The invention of the Jacquard loom by Joseph Marie Jacquard (1752-1834), born in Lyons, France, simplified weaving, but it also cost thousands of silk workers their jobs. There was much turmoil, and Jacquard on one occasion was seized by an angry mob and barely escaped with his life. The problem subsided when Napoleon purchased the loom and declared it to be the property of the French state. The purchase hastened the lowering of silk prices, which, in turn, greatly improved the market for silk, and thus helped the reemployment of workers in that industry. In 1819 Jacquard was awarded a gold medal and the Cross of the Legion of Honour. The use of his loom spread to England in the 1820s and from there virtually worldwide. The loom was so constructed that each warp thread could be raised or lowered. It thus became the first practical machine to weave intricate patterns. It was operated and controlled by punched cards, forerunners of those used with the modern computer. Jacquard is a fabric woven by the jacquard method. How to cite this entry: "Jacquard" A New Dictionary of Eponyms. Morton S. Freeman. Oxford University Press, 1997. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Derby University. 8 July 2005 <http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t31.e186> For more information about Oxford Reference Online please visit: http://www.oxfordreference.com/ For more information about Oxford University Press and its publications please visit: http://www.oup.com/ Oxford Reference Online: The Core Collection. Copyright © 2003 Oxford University Press and its licensors. All Rights Reserved Privacy Policy and Legal Notices ______________________________________________________________________ This email has been scanned by the MessageLabs Email Security System. For more information please visit http://www.messagelabs.com/email ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ This email has been scanned by the MessageLabs Email Security System. For more information please visit http://www.messagelabs.com/email ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ h-costume mailing list h-costume@mail.indra.com http://mail.indra.com/mailman/listinfo/h-costume
