1. Allah's statement,
(Allah! None has the right to be worshipped but He) mentions that Allah is the
One and Only Lord of all creation.
2. Allah's statement,
(Al-Hayyul-Qayyum) testifies that Allah is the Ever Living, Who never dies,
Who sustains everyone and everything. All creation stands in need of Allah and
totally relies on Him, while He is the Most Rich, Who stands in need of nothing
created. Similarly, Allah said,
(And among His signs is that the heaven and the earth stand by His command)
﴿30:25
3. Allah's statement,
(Neither slumber nor sleep overtakes Him) means, no shortcoming, unawareness
or ignorance ever touches Allah. Rather, He is aware of, and controls what
every soul earns, has perfect watch over everything, nothing escapes His
knowledge, and no secret matter is secret to Him. Among His perfect
attributes, is the fact that He is never effected by slumber or sleep.
Therefore, Allah's statement,
(Neither slumber overtakes Him) indicates that no unawareness due to slumber
ever overtakes Allah. Allah said afterwards,
(nor sleep), which is stronger than slumber. It is recorded in the Sahih that
Abu Musa said, "The Messenger of Allah delivered a speech regarding four words:
(Allah does not sleep, and it does not befit His majesty that He sleeps. He
lowers the scales and raises them. The deeds of the day are resurrected in
front of Him before the deeds of the night, and the deeds of the night before
the deeds of the day. His Veil is light, or fire, and if He removes it, the
rays from His Face would burn whatever His sight reaches of His creation.)
4. Allah's statement,
(To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth)
indicates that everyone is a servant for Allah, a part of His kingdom and under
His power and authority. Similarly, Allah said,
(There is none in the heavens and the earth but comes unto the Most Gracious
(Allah) as a servant. Verily, He knows each one of them, and has counted them a
full counting. And everyone of them will come to Him alone on the Day of
Resurrection (without any helper, or protector or defender)) ﴿19:93-95.
5. Allah's statement,
(Who is he that can intercede with Him except with His permission) is similar
to His statements,
(And there are many angels in the heavens, whose intercession will avail
nothing except after Allah has given leave for whom He wills and is pleased
with) ﴿53:26﴾, and, (They cannot intercede except for him with
whom He is pleased) 21:28.
These Ayat assert Allah's greatness, pride, and grace, and that no one dares
to intercede with Him on behalf of anyone else, except by His permission.
Indeed, the Hadith about the intercession, states that the Prophet said,
(I will stand under the Throne and fall in prostration, and Allah will allow
me to remain in that position as much as He wills. I will thereafter be told,
"Raise your head, speak and you will be heard, intercede and your intercession
will be accepted''. The Prophet then said, "He will allow me a proportion whom
I will enter into Paradise.'')
6. Allah's statement,
(He knows what happens to them (His creatures) in this world, and what will
happen to them in the Hereafter) this refers to His perfect knowledge of all
creation; its past, present and future. Similarly, Allah said that the angels
proclaimed;
(And we (angels) descend not except by the command of your Lord (O Muhammad ).
To Him belongs what is before us and what is behind us, and what is between
those two; and your Lord is never forgetful) ﴿19:64
7. Allah's statement,
(And they will never compass anything of His Knowledge except that which He
wills), asserts the fact that no one attains any part of Allah's knowledge
except what Allah conveys and allows. This part of the Ayah indicates that no
one ever acquires knowledge of Allah and in His Attributes, except what He
conveys to them. For instance, Allah said,
(But they will never compass anything of His knowledge) ﴿20: 110
8. Allah said,
(His Kursi extends over the heavens and the earth.)
Waki` narrated in his Tafsir that Ibn `Abbas said, "Kursi is the footstool,
and no one is able to give due consideration to ﴿Allah's﴾
Throne.'' Al-Hakim recorded this Hadith in his Mustadrak from Ibn `Abbas, who
did not relate it to the Prophet . Al-Hakim said, "It is Sahih according to
the criteria of the Two Sahihs, and they (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) did not
record it.'' In addition, Ad-Dahhak said that Ibn `Abbas said, "If the seven
heavens and the seven earths were flattened and laid side by side, they would
add up to the size of a ring in a desert, compared to the Kursi.''
9. Allah said,
(And He feels no fatigue in guarding and preserving them) meaning, it does not
burden or cause Him fatigue to protect the heavens and earth and all that is
in between them. Rather, this is an easy matter for Him. Further, Allah
sustains everything, has perfect watch over everything, nothing ever escapes
His knowledge and no matter is ever a secret to Him. All matters are
insignificant, modest and humble before Him. He is the Most Rich, worthy of
all praise. He does what He wills, and no one can ask Him about what He does,
while they will be asked. He has supreme power over all things and perfect
alertness concerning everything. He is the Most High, the Greatest, there is
no deity worthy of worship except Him, and no Lord other than Him.
10. Allah's statement,
(And He is the Most High, the Most Great) is similar to His statement,
(the Most Great, the Most High) ﴿13:9﴾.
These and similar Ayat and authentic Hadiths about Allah's Attributes must be
treated the way the Salaf (righteous ancestors) treated them by accepting their
apparent meanings without equating them ﴿with the attributes of the
creation﴾ or altering their apparent meanings.
(256. There is no compulsion in religion. Verily, the right path has become
distinct from the wrong path. Whoever disbelieves in Taghut and believes in
Allah, then he has grasped the most trustworthy handhold that will never break.
And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.)
Source : Tafsir Ibn Kathir
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