Shuo Cheng created CALCITE-3979:
-----------------------------------

             Summary: Unexpected removing of CAST in ReduceExpressionsRule
                 Key: CALCITE-3979
                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CALCITE-3979
             Project: Calcite
          Issue Type: Bug
          Components: core
    Affects Versions: 1.22.0
            Reporter: Shuo Cheng
             Fix For: 1.23.0


{code:java}
@Test public void testCastRemove() throws Exception {
  final String sql = "select\n" +
      "case when cast(ename as double) < 5 then 0.0\n" +
      "     else coalesce(cast(ename as double), 1.0)\n" +
      "     end as t\n" +
      " from (\n" +
      "       select\n" +
      "          case when ename > 'abc' then ename\n" +
      "               else null\n" +
      "               end as ename from emp\n" +
      " )";
  sql(sql).withRule(ReduceExpressionsRule.PROJECT_INSTANCE).check();
}
{code}
As shown in the above test case, `cast(ename as double) < 5` was reduced as 
`ename < 5` when reducing expression, which lead to the following exception:
{code:java}
java.math.BigDecimal cannot be cast to 
org.apache.calcite.util.NlsStringjava.math.BigDecimal cannot be cast to 
org.apache.calcite.util.NlsStringjava.lang.ClassCastException: 
java.math.BigDecimal cannot be cast to org.apache.calcite.util.NlsString at 
org.apache.calcite.util.NlsString.compareTo(NlsString.java:47) at 
com.google.common.collect.Range.compareOrThrow(Range.java:672) at 
com.google.common.collect.Cut.compareTo(Cut.java:79) at 
com.google.common.collect.Range.isConnected(Range.java:526) at 
org.apache.calcite.rex.RexSimplify.residue(RexSimplify.java:1702) at 
org.apache.calcite.rex.RexSimplify.simplifyUsingPredicates(RexSimplify.java:1636)
 at org.apache.calcite.rex.RexSimplify.simplifyComparison(RexSimplify.java:451) 
at org.apache.calcite.rex.RexSimplify.simplifyComparison(RexSimplify.java:321) 
at org.apache.calcite.rex.RexSimplify.simplify(RexSimplify.java:292) at 
org.apache.calcite.rex.RexSimplify.simplifyAndTerms(RexSimplify.java:492) at 
org.apache.calcite.rex.RexSimplify.simplifyAnd(RexSimplify.java:1275) at 
org.apache.calcite.rex.RexSimplify.simplify(RexSimplify.java:264) at 
org.apache.calcite.rex.RexSimplify.simplifyCase(RexSimplify.java:992) at 
org.apache.calcite.rex.RexSimplify.simplify(RexSimplify.java:270) at 
org.apache.calcite.rex.RexSimplify.simplifyCase(RexSimplify.java:926) at 
org.apache.calcite.rex.RexSimplify.simplify(RexSimplify.java:270) at 
org.apache.calcite.rex.RexSimplify.simplifyUnknownAs(RexSimplify.java:235) at 
org.apache.calcite.rex.RexSimplify.simplifyPreservingType(RexSimplify.java:174) 
at 
org.apache.calcite.rel.rules.ReduceExpressionsRule.reduceExpressions(ReduceExpressionsRule.java:629)
 at 
org.apache.calcite.rel.rules.ReduceExpressionsRule$ProjectReduceExpressionsRule.onMatch(ReduceExpressionsRule.java:305)
 at 
org.apache.calcite.plan.AbstractRelOptPlanner.fireRule(AbstractRelOptPlanner.java:338)
{code}



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