In JSP .9x, I think there was an autocreate param in the <BEAN> tag to specify whether the bean should be created with the null constructor if it wasn't found in the scope identified by the scope param. I don't see that in any of the descriptions of JSP 1.0 <jsp:usebean>. Is it automatic now? What if you had a page where the bean SHOULD exist? Do you have to code the exception by hand now? =========================================================================== To unsubscribe: mailto [EMAIL PROTECTED] with body: "signoff JSP-INTEREST". Some relevant FAQs on JSP/Servlets can be found at: http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/faq.html http://www.esperanto.org.nz/jsp/jspfaq.html http://www.jguru.com/jguru/faq/faqpage.jsp?name=JSP http://www.jguru.com/jguru/faq/faqpage.jsp?name=Servlets