Re: [V2][PATCH 2/2] pefile: Fix the failure of calculation for digest

2016-07-13 Thread Dave Young
Cc crypto list On 07/13/16 at 09:35pm, Lans Zhang wrote: > The commit e68503bd68 forgot to set digest_len and thus cause the following > error reported by kexec when launching a crash kernel: > "kexec_file_load failed: Bad message" > > Fixes: e68503bd68 (KEYS: Generalise system_verify_data() to p

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Thiago Jung Bauermann
Am Mittwoch, 13 Juli 2016, 21:59:18 schrieb Arnd Bergmann: > On Wednesday, July 13, 2016 3:45:41 PM CEST Thiago Jung Bauermann wrote: > > Am Mittwoch, 13 Juli 2016, 15:13:42 schrieb Arnd Bergmann: > > > On Wednesday, July 13, 2016 10:41:28 AM CEST Mark Rutland wrote: > > > > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at

Re: [V2][PATCH 1/2] PKCS#7: Fix kernel panic when referring to the empty AuthorityKeyIdentifier

2016-07-13 Thread Dave Young
Cc crpto list On 07/13/16 at 09:35pm, Lans Zhang wrote: > This fix resolves the following kernel panic if the empty > AuthorityKeyIdentifier employed. > > [ 459.041989] PKEY: <==public_key_verify_signature() = 0 > [ 459.041993] PKCS7: Verified signature 1 > [ 459.041995] PKCS7: ==> pkcs7_veri

Re: [V2][PATCH 2/2] pefile: Fix the failure of calculation for digest

2016-07-13 Thread Dave Young
On 07/13/16 at 09:35pm, Lans Zhang wrote: > The commit e68503bd68 forgot to set digest_len and thus cause the following > error reported by kexec when launching a crash kernel: > "kexec_file_load failed: Bad message" > > Fixes: e68503bd68 (KEYS: Generalise system_verify_data() to provide access to

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Dave Young
On 07/14/16 at 02:38am, AKASHI Takahiro wrote: > Apologies for the slow response. I'm attending LinuxCon this week. > > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 10:34:47AM +0100, Mark Rutland wrote: > > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 10:36:14AM +0800, Dave Young wrote: > > > But consider we can kexec to a different kerne

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Dave Young
On 07/13/16 at 10:34am, Mark Rutland wrote: > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 10:36:14AM +0800, Dave Young wrote: > > But consider we can kexec to a different kernel and a different initrd so > > there > > will be use cases to pass a total different dtb as well. > > It depends on what you mean by "a diff

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Arnd Bergmann
On Wednesday, July 13, 2016 3:45:41 PM CEST Thiago Jung Bauermann wrote: > Am Mittwoch, 13 Juli 2016, 15:13:42 schrieb Arnd Bergmann: > > On Wednesday, July 13, 2016 10:41:28 AM CEST Mark Rutland wrote: > > > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 10:01:33AM +0200, Arnd Bergmann wrote: > > > > - kboot/petitboot w

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Arnd Bergmann
On Wednesday, July 13, 2016 6:58:32 PM CEST Mark Rutland wrote: > > > we may want to remove unnecessary devices and even add a dedicated > > storage device for storing a core dump image. > > I suspect that bringing up a minimal number of devices is better > controlled by a cmdline option. In

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Thiago Jung Bauermann
Am Mittwoch, 13 Juli 2016, 15:13:42 schrieb Arnd Bergmann: > On Wednesday, July 13, 2016 10:41:28 AM CEST Mark Rutland wrote: > > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 10:01:33AM +0200, Arnd Bergmann wrote: > > > - kboot/petitboot with all of the user space being part of the trusted > > > boot> > > > > chain:

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Vivek Goyal
On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 06:40:10PM +0100, Russell King - ARM Linux wrote: > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 09:03:38AM -0400, Vivek Goyal wrote: > > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 09:26:39AM +0100, Russell King - ARM Linux wrote: > > > Indeed - maybe Eric knows better, but I can't see any situation where > > > th

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Mark Rutland
On Thu, Jul 14, 2016 at 02:38:06AM +0900, AKASHI Takahiro wrote: > Apologies for the slow response. I'm attending LinuxCon this week. > > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 10:34:47AM +0100, Mark Rutland wrote: > > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 10:36:14AM +0800, Dave Young wrote: > > > But consider we can kexec to

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Russell King - ARM Linux
On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 09:03:38AM -0400, Vivek Goyal wrote: > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 09:26:39AM +0100, Russell King - ARM Linux wrote: > > Indeed - maybe Eric knows better, but I can't see any situation where > > the dtb we load via kexec should ever affect "the bootloader", unless > > the "kerne

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread AKASHI Takahiro
Apologies for the slow response. I'm attending LinuxCon this week. On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 10:34:47AM +0100, Mark Rutland wrote: > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 10:36:14AM +0800, Dave Young wrote: > > But consider we can kexec to a different kernel and a different initrd so > > there > > will be use ca

Benefit!

2016-07-13 Thread Sgt Debra Moore
Mutual benefit for the both of us from Camp Stanley, get back to me for more info. ___ kexec mailing list kexec@lists.infradead.org http://lists.infradead.org/mailman/listinfo/kexec

Re: [PATCH v22 3/8] arm64: kdump: implement machine_crash_shutdown()

2016-07-13 Thread AKASHI Takahiro
On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 10:32:39AM +0100, Suzuki K Poulose wrote: > On 12/07/16 06:05, AKASHI Takahiro wrote: > >Primary kernel calls machine_crash_shutdown() to shut down non-boot cpus > >and save registers' status in per-cpu ELF notes before starting crash > >dump kernel. See kernel_kexec(). > >E

Re: [PATCH v22 1/8] arm64: kdump: reserve memory for crash dump kernel

2016-07-13 Thread AKASHI Takahiro
Hi, On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 10:12:12AM +0100, Suzuki K Poulose wrote: > On 12/07/16 06:05, AKASHI Takahiro wrote: > >On the startup of primary kernel, the memory region used by crash dump > >kernel must be specified by "crashkernel=" kernel parameter. > >reserve_crashkernel() will allocate and res

Re: [PATCH v22 8/8] Documentation: dt: chosen properties for arm64 kdump

2016-07-13 Thread AKASHI Takahiro
Mark, On Tue, Jul 12, 2016 at 11:07:45AM +0100, Mark Rutland wrote: > Hi, > > Apologies for the delay on this. > > On Tue, Jul 12, 2016 at 02:05:14PM +0900, AKASHI Takahiro wrote: > > From: James Morse > > > > Add documentation for > > linux,crashkernel-base and crashkernel-size, > > l

[V2][PATCH 1/2] PKCS#7: Fix kernel panic when referring to the empty AuthorityKeyIdentifier

2016-07-13 Thread Lans Zhang
This fix resolves the following kernel panic if the empty AuthorityKeyIdentifier employed. [ 459.041989] PKEY: <==public_key_verify_signature() = 0 [ 459.041993] PKCS7: Verified signature 1 [ 459.041995] PKCS7: ==> pkcs7_verify_sig_chain() [ 459.041999] PKCS7: verify Sample DB Certificate for

Re: [PATCH 2/2] pefile: Fix the failure of calculation for digest

2016-07-13 Thread Lans Zhang
Thanks for your review. I will send V2 soon. Jia On 07/13/2016 09:06 PM, David Howells wrote: Lans Zhang wrote: The commit e68503bd forgot to set digest_len and thus cause the following error reported by kexec when launching a crash kernel: "kexec_file_load failed: Bad message" You need to

[V2][PATCH 2/2] pefile: Fix the failure of calculation for digest

2016-07-13 Thread Lans Zhang
The commit e68503bd68 forgot to set digest_len and thus cause the following error reported by kexec when launching a crash kernel: "kexec_file_load failed: Bad message" Fixes: e68503bd68 (KEYS: Generalise system_verify_data() to provide access to internal content) Signed-off-by: Lans Zhang Cc: D

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Vivek Goyal
On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 09:45:22AM +1000, Stewart Smith wrote: > Vivek Goyal writes: > > On Tue, Jul 12, 2016 at 10:58:09AM -0300, Thiago Jung Bauermann wrote: > >> Hello Eric, > >> > >> Am Dienstag, 12 Juli 2016, 08:25:48 schrieb Eric W. Biederman: > >> > AKASHI Takahiro writes: > >> > > Device

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Vivek Goyal
On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 09:41:39AM +1000, Stewart Smith wrote: > Petr Tesarik writes: > > On Tue, 12 Jul 2016 13:25:11 -0300 > > Thiago Jung Bauermann wrote: > > > >> Hi Eric, > >> > >> I'm trying to understand your concerns leading to your nack. I hope you > >> don't mind expanding your though

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Arnd Bergmann
On Wednesday, July 13, 2016 10:41:28 AM CEST Mark Rutland wrote: > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 10:01:33AM +0200, Arnd Bergmann wrote: > > On Wednesday, July 13, 2016 10:36:14 AM CEST Dave Young wrote: > > > On 07/12/16 at 03:50pm, Mark Rutland wrote: > > > > On Tue, Jul 12, 2016 at 04:24:10PM +0200, Ar

Re: [PATCH 2/2] pefile: Fix the failure of calculation for digest

2016-07-13 Thread David Howells
Lans Zhang wrote: > The commit e68503bd forgot to set digest_len and thus cause the following > error reported by kexec when launching a crash kernel: > "kexec_file_load failed: Bad message" You need to put the commit ID in a "Fixes:" line as per SubmittingPatches. David __

Re: [PATCH 1/2] Add a kexec_crash_loaded() function

2016-07-13 Thread Petr Tesarik
On Wed, 13 Jul 2016 05:52:33 -0700 Josh Triplett wrote: > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 02:19:55PM +0200, Petr Tesarik wrote: > > --- a/kernel/kexec_core.c > > +++ b/kernel/kexec_core.c > > @@ -95,6 +95,12 @@ int kexec_should_crash(struct task_struct *p) > > return 0; > > } > > > > +int kexec_cr

Re: [PATCH 1/2] PKCS#7: Fix kernel panic when referring to the empty AuthorityKeyIdentifier

2016-07-13 Thread David Howells
Lans Zhang wrote: > - } else { > - auth = sig->auth_ids[1]; > + } else if ((auth = sig->auth_ids[1])) { Better to say: } else if (auth) { auth = sig->auth_ids[1]; David ___ kexec ma

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Vivek Goyal
On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 09:26:39AM +0100, Russell King - ARM Linux wrote: > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 05:55:33PM +1000, Stewart Smith wrote: > > Russell King - ARM Linux writes: > > > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 02:59:51PM +1000, Stewart Smith wrote: > > >> Russell King - ARM Linux writes: > > >> > On

Re: [Xen-devel] [PATCH 2/2] Allow kdump with crash_kexec_post_notifiers

2016-07-13 Thread David Vrabel
On 13/07/16 13:20, Petr Tesarik wrote: > If a crash kernel is loaded, do not crash the running domain. This is > needed if the kernel is loaded with crash_kexec_post_notifiers, because > panic notifiers are run before __crash_kexec() in that case, and this > Xen hook prevents its being called later

Re: [PATCH 1/2] Add a kexec_crash_loaded() function

2016-07-13 Thread Josh Triplett
On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 02:19:55PM +0200, Petr Tesarik wrote: > --- a/kernel/kexec_core.c > +++ b/kernel/kexec_core.c > @@ -95,6 +95,12 @@ int kexec_should_crash(struct task_struct *p) > return 0; > } > > +int kexec_crash_loaded(void) > +{ > + return !!kexec_crash_image; > +} Nit: thi

Re: [PATCH 0/2] Allow crash dumps with crash_kexec_post_notifiers

2016-07-13 Thread Petr Tesarik
On Wed, 13 Jul 2016 14:19:50 +0200 Petr Tesarik wrote: > Hello all, > > this patch series makes it possible to save a kernel crash dump when the > kernel command line includes "crash_kexec_post_notifiers". Oh ... I forgot to add: This only applies to running Linux under Xen. If you run on bare

[PATCH 2/2] Allow kdump with crash_kexec_post_notifiers

2016-07-13 Thread Petr Tesarik
If a crash kernel is loaded, do not crash the running domain. This is needed if the kernel is loaded with crash_kexec_post_notifiers, because panic notifiers are run before __crash_kexec() in that case, and this Xen hook prevents its being called later. Signed-off-by: Petr Tesarik --- arch/x86/x

[PATCH 0/2] Allow crash dumps with crash_kexec_post_notifiers

2016-07-13 Thread Petr Tesarik
Hello all, this patch series makes it possible to save a kernel crash dump when the kernel command line includes "crash_kexec_post_notifiers". There might be other approaches, but mine has the advantage that no new sysctl is required, and the behaviour is the same whether panic notifiers are run o

[PATCH 1/2] Add a kexec_crash_loaded() function

2016-07-13 Thread Petr Tesarik
Provide a wrapper function to be used by kernel code to check whether a crash kernel is loaded. It returns the same value that can be seen in /sys/kernel/kexec_crash_loaded by userspace programs. I'm exporting the function, because it will be used by Xen, and it is possible to compile Xen modules

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Mark Rutland
On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 10:01:33AM +0200, Arnd Bergmann wrote: > On Wednesday, July 13, 2016 10:36:14 AM CEST Dave Young wrote: > > On 07/12/16 at 03:50pm, Mark Rutland wrote: > > > On Tue, Jul 12, 2016 at 04:24:10PM +0200, Arnd Bergmann wrote: > > > > On Tuesday, July 12, 2016 10:18:11 AM CEST Viv

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Mark Rutland
On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 10:36:14AM +0800, Dave Young wrote: > But consider we can kexec to a different kernel and a different initrd so > there > will be use cases to pass a total different dtb as well. It depends on what you mean by "a different kernel", and what this implies for the DTB. I exp

Re: [PATCH v22 3/8] arm64: kdump: implement machine_crash_shutdown()

2016-07-13 Thread Suzuki K Poulose
On 12/07/16 06:05, AKASHI Takahiro wrote: Primary kernel calls machine_crash_shutdown() to shut down non-boot cpus and save registers' status in per-cpu ELF notes before starting crash dump kernel. See kernel_kexec(). Even if not all secondary cpus have shut down, we do kdump anyway. As we don't

Re: [PATCH v22 1/8] arm64: kdump: reserve memory for crash dump kernel

2016-07-13 Thread Suzuki K Poulose
On 12/07/16 06:05, AKASHI Takahiro wrote: On the startup of primary kernel, the memory region used by crash dump kernel must be specified by "crashkernel=" kernel parameter. reserve_crashkernel() will allocate and reserve the region for later use. User space tools, like kexec-tools, will be able

Re: [PATCH v2] kexec: Fix kdump failure with notsc

2016-07-13 Thread Baoquan He
On 07/13/16 at 07:46am, Wei, Jiangang wrote: > On Mon, 2016-07-11 at 18:28 +0800, Wei Jiangang wrote: > > Hi , Ingo > > > > On Fri, 2016-07-08 at 09:38 +0200, Ingo Molnar wrote: > > > * Eric W. Biederman wrote: > > > > > > > Sigh. Can we please just do the work to rip out the apic shutdown code

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Petr Tesarik
On Wed, 13 Jul 2016 09:26:39 +0100 Russell King - ARM Linux wrote: > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 05:55:33PM +1000, Stewart Smith wrote: > > Russell King - ARM Linux writes: > > > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 02:59:51PM +1000, Stewart Smith wrote: > > >> Russell King - ARM Linux writes: > > >> > On Tue,

[PATCH 2/2] pefile: Fix the failure of calculation for digest

2016-07-13 Thread Lans Zhang
The commit e68503bd forgot to set digest_len and thus cause the following error reported by kexec when launching a crash kernel: "kexec_file_load failed: Bad message" Signed-off-by: Lans Zhang Cc: David Howells Cc: Dave Young Cc: Baoquan He Cc: Vivek Goyal --- crypto/asymmetric_keys/mscode_p

[PATCH 1/2] PKCS#7: Fix kernel panic when referring to the empty AuthorityKeyIdentifier

2016-07-13 Thread Lans Zhang
This fix resolves the following kernel panic if the empty AuthorityKeyIdentifier employed. [ 459.041989] PKEY: <==public_key_verify_signature() = 0 [ 459.041993] PKCS7: Verified signature 1 [ 459.041995] PKCS7: ==> pkcs7_verify_sig_chain() [ 459.041999] PKCS7: verify Sample DB Certificate for

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Dave Young
[snip] > Now, going back to the more fundamental issue raised in my first reply, > about the kernel command line. > > On x86, I can see that it _is_ possible for userspace to specify a > command line, and the kernel loading the image provides the command > line to the to-be-kexeced kernel with ver

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Russell King - ARM Linux
On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 05:55:33PM +1000, Stewart Smith wrote: > Russell King - ARM Linux writes: > > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 02:59:51PM +1000, Stewart Smith wrote: > >> Russell King - ARM Linux writes: > >> > On Tue, Jul 12, 2016 at 10:58:05PM +0200, Petr Tesarik wrote: > >> >> I'm not an expert

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Stewart Smith
Arnd Bergmann writes: > On Wednesday, July 13, 2016 10:36:14 AM CEST Dave Young wrote: >> On 07/12/16 at 03:50pm, Mark Rutland wrote: >> > On Tue, Jul 12, 2016 at 04:24:10PM +0200, Arnd Bergmann wrote: >> > > On Tuesday, July 12, 2016 10:18:11 AM CEST Vivek Goyal wrote: >> > >> > /proc/devicetree

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Stewart Smith
Ard Biesheuvel writes: > On 13 July 2016 at 09:36, Russell King - ARM Linux > wrote: >> On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 02:59:51PM +1000, Stewart Smith wrote: >>> Russell King - ARM Linux writes: >>> > On Tue, Jul 12, 2016 at 10:58:05PM +0200, Petr Tesarik wrote: >>> >> I'm not an expert on DTB, so I ca

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Russell King - ARM Linux
On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 09:47:56AM +0200, Ard Biesheuvel wrote: > On 13 July 2016 at 09:36, Russell King - ARM Linux > wrote: > > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 02:59:51PM +1000, Stewart Smith wrote: > >> Russell King - ARM Linux writes: > >> > On Tue, Jul 12, 2016 at 10:58:05PM +0200, Petr Tesarik wrot

RE: [PATCH 2/3] makedumpfile: Mark unstored ELF pages as filtered

2016-07-13 Thread Atsushi Kumagai
Hello Petr, I'm happy to get your reply. >On Tue, 7 Jun 2016 04:18:48 + >Atsushi Kumagai wrote: > >> >>+static void >> >>+exclude_nodata_pages(struct cycle *cycle) >> >>+{ >> >>+ int i; >> >>+ unsigned long long phys_start, phys_end; >> >>+ off_t file_size; >> >>+ >> >>+ i = 0; >> >>+ w

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Arnd Bergmann
On Wednesday, July 13, 2016 10:36:14 AM CEST Dave Young wrote: > On 07/12/16 at 03:50pm, Mark Rutland wrote: > > On Tue, Jul 12, 2016 at 04:24:10PM +0200, Arnd Bergmann wrote: > > > On Tuesday, July 12, 2016 10:18:11 AM CEST Vivek Goyal wrote: > > > > /proc/devicetree (aka /sys/firmware/devicetree

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Stewart Smith
Russell King - ARM Linux writes: > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 02:59:51PM +1000, Stewart Smith wrote: >> Russell King - ARM Linux writes: >> > On Tue, Jul 12, 2016 at 10:58:05PM +0200, Petr Tesarik wrote: >> >> I'm not an expert on DTB, so I can't provide an example of code >> >> execution, but you h

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Ard Biesheuvel
On 13 July 2016 at 09:36, Russell King - ARM Linux wrote: > On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 02:59:51PM +1000, Stewart Smith wrote: >> Russell King - ARM Linux writes: >> > On Tue, Jul 12, 2016 at 10:58:05PM +0200, Petr Tesarik wrote: >> >> I'm not an expert on DTB, so I can't provide an example of code >

Re: [PATCH v2] kexec: Fix kdump failure with notsc

2016-07-13 Thread Wei, Jiangang
On Mon, 2016-07-11 at 18:28 +0800, Wei Jiangang wrote: > Hi , Ingo > > On Fri, 2016-07-08 at 09:38 +0200, Ingo Molnar wrote: > > * Eric W. Biederman wrote: > > > > > Sigh. Can we please just do the work to rip out the apic shutdown code > > > from the > > > kexec on panic code path? > > > >

Re: [RFC 0/3] extend kexec_file_load system call

2016-07-13 Thread Russell King - ARM Linux
On Wed, Jul 13, 2016 at 02:59:51PM +1000, Stewart Smith wrote: > Russell King - ARM Linux writes: > > On Tue, Jul 12, 2016 at 10:58:05PM +0200, Petr Tesarik wrote: > >> I'm not an expert on DTB, so I can't provide an example of code > >> execution, but you have already mentioned the /chosen/linux,

Re: [PATCH 1/2] kexec: remove unnecessary unusable_pages

2016-07-13 Thread zhong jiang
On 2016/7/13 13:07, Eric W. Biederman wrote: > zhong jiang writes: > >> On 2016/7/12 23:19, Eric W. Biederman wrote: >>> zhongjiang writes: >>> From: zhong jiang In general, kexec alloc pages from buddy system, it cannot exceed the physical address in the system. Th

Re: [PATCH 2/2] kexec: add a pmd huge entry condition during the page table

2016-07-13 Thread zhong jiang
On 2016/7/12 23:46, Eric W. Biederman wrote: > zhongjiang writes: > >> From: zhong jiang >> >> when image is loaded into kernel, we need set up page table for it. and >> all valid pfn also set up new mapping. it will tend to establish a pmd >> page table in the form of a large page if pud_prese