IRAQ SANCTIONS MONITOR Number 144 Thursday, October 26, 2000 All the news....... Three more powerlifters test positive at Paralympics SYDNEY, Oct 26 (AFP) - Nine powerlifters have tested positive to banned drugs at the Sydney Paralympics with Thursday's announcement of three fresh doping cases, the International Paralympic Committee said. IPC medical director Michael Riding said the three, who tested positive in out-of-competition testing, were from Belarus, Nigeria and Iraq, but they have not yet been formally identified. US base in Turkey is placed on top alert >From The Daily Telegraph October 25th, 2000 BRITISH and American troops in the Middle East were on their highest state of defensive alert yesterday after intelligence sources reported having received information on plans for a terrorist attack on bases in the region. The threat was aimed at the joint air force base at Incirlik, Turkey, where 2,400 allied airmen and support staff enforce the northern no-fly zone over Iraq, as well as at troops and naval installations in Bahrain and Qatar in the Gulf. The alert came 12 days after the American destroyer Cole was crippled by a suicide bomb attack as it refuelled in the Yemeni port of Aden, killing 17 members of the crew and injuring 35. That attack has been linked by Yemen's government to a group with strong connections to Osama bin Laden, the Saudi multi-millionaire thought to be behind a number of attacks on American targets. At the US 5th Fleet headquarters in Manama, Bahrain, and at a smaller US air force support base near Doha, in Qatar, American Alert Status Delta, the highest state of readiness used by the Pentagon. Kyodo sports news summary TOKYO, Oct. 25 (Kyodo) _ BEIRUT - Japan spotted Iraq a one-goal lead in their Asian Cup quarterfinal on Tuesday, but came charging back to win 4-1 with two goals from Man of the Match Hiroshi Nanami and one apiece from Naohiro Takahara and Tomokazu Myojin. The Iraqi jinx looked set to continue for Japan at Beirut Sports City Stadium when a poor clearance from captain Ryuzo Morioka fell nicely for Iraq forward Abbas Jassim, who drilled a right-foot shot into the top corner with just four minutes gone. US BOMBS IRAQ >From MIRROR, October 25th, 2000 US warplanes have bombed air defence sites in Iraq after coming under anti-aircraft fire 250 miles north of Baghdad. Containing Iraq: A Forgotten War; As U.S. Tactics Are Softened, Questions About Mission Arise >From WASHINGTON POST, October 25th, 2000 Most of the year, Bernard Yosten pilots Boeing 727s for American Airlines out of Miami. But in mid-September, he came here for two weeks of flying Air Force F-16 fighters in the "no-fly zone" over northern Iraq, where he was shot at with both antiaircraft guns and surface-to-air missiles. The Iraqi fire "was pretty damned close," reported Yosten, who has since gone back to hauling tourists around the Caribbean. To a surprising degree, Operation Northern Watch, as the Air Force calls this mission, is conducted by part-timers. Other members of Yosten's Alabama Air National Guard unit on temporary duty here usually fly for Delta, United, Southwest, Northwest, Federal Express and United Parcel Service. Northern Watch is characteristic of U.S. military missions in the post-Cold War era: It is small-scale, open-ended and largely ignored by the American people. Even though U.S. warplanes are routinely dropping bombs on a foreign country, it has not been an issue in the presidential campaign and has hardly been mentioned by the candidates. Partly because Turkey and Arab allies want to keep their assistance quiet, the Defense Department makes public little information about the joint U.S.-British effort to prohibit Iraqi aircraft from flying over northern and southern Iraq, thereby protecting Kurds in the North and Shiite Muslims in the South who oppose Saddam Hussein's rule. But behind the official veil, the no-fly operation has undergone major changes and embarrassments that might have made headlines if it had a higher profile: * After patrolling aggressively last year, in a manner that one pilot says was intended to draw antiaircraft fire, the Air Force has pulled back and is avoiding known antiaircraft emplacements. Top commanders recently approved an order formalizing the de-escalation. * The Air Force also has stopped dropping "cement bombs," emptied of explosives, on antiaircraft batteries near mosques and other sensitive sites. For the most part, it now leaves those batteries alone. * The Turkish government has interrupted the flying schedule several times, sometimes to bomb Kurdish villages in Iraq and sometimes to protest America's refusal to sell Turkey certain precision-guided bombs. * U.S. aircraft mistakenly bombed and strafed a group of Iraqi shepherds last year because intelligence analysts misinterpreted satellite imagery and thought a water trough for sheep was a missile launcher. Iraq says the U.S. airstrikes have killed about 300 people, mostly civilians, since December 1998. American officials admit that there have been casualties but say they do not know how many. Ian Roxborough, a historian at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, calls this "fire-and-forget foreign policy," after the modern munitions that help make such an operation possible. But if Northern Watch isn't particularly controversial, neither is it particularly popular. At a recent Senate Armed Services Committee hearing, conservative Strom Thurmond (R-S.C.) and liberal Edward M. Kennedy (D-Mass.) took turns questioning it, with Thurmond calling it "a failure." As the United States enters its 10th year of confronting Hussein, military strategists are frustrated, too. "I no longer have any sense of what the 'containment' of Iraq is all about," said retired Army Col. Andrew Bacevich, now a military expert at Boston University. "We just fly missions and drop bombs from time to time because we've been doing it for 10 years and no one can stop us from doing so." Even some of the fighter pilots who have flown Northern Watch said they do not understand why it continues. "I think almost everybody thinks it is a waste of time," said a National Guard pilot who has done four tours of duty here. There are some indications that the operation may end, but not soon and not because it has achieved any enduring success. Support for sanctions on Iraq appears to be waning both in the Arab world and in Europe. Only Britain continues to patrol the no-fly zones with the United States, operating reconnaissance aircraft that do not carry weapons. A day of Operation Northern Watch, which is conducted from Incirlik Air Base, a few miles east of the Turkish city of Adana, begins with the roar of F-15C fighters emerging from a hardened shelter. The pilots have been briefed on intelligence, weather and the day's mission. "Puggsley," an Air Force captain from Alexandria who asked that his real name not be used, climbs into his F-15, which bristles with weaponry: heat-seeking Sidewinder missiles near his wingtips, bigger radar-guided Sparrows on pylons closer in and four even bigger AMRAAM missiles under his fuselage. He taxies to the arming area, where the missiles are activated, and screams down the runway. But the Air Force approach to patrolling the skies of Iraq involves much more. The fighters are followed by an RC-135 "Rivet Joint" reconnaissance jet, a Boeing 707 laden with surveillance gear. Next come two Navy EA-6B electronic jammers, then some of the Alabama Air National Guard F-16s carrying missiles to home in on Iraqi radar. One of the Alabamians flies a jet borrowed from the Colorado Air National Guard that says "Mile-High Militia" on its tail. The final plane in the 25-aircraft "package" is a big KC-10 tanker, a flying gas station. As the pilots head east toward Iraq, the Syrian border is just 20 miles to their right. Some of the pilots believe that the Syrian government, which can see them on radar, reports their movements to Baghdad, giving Iraqi gunners about an hour's warning. It takes that long for the American planes to travel 400 miles to the ROZ, the "restricted operating zone" over eastern Turkey where the pilots get an aerial refueling and then turn south into Iraq. The pilots disagree about whether they are truly in combat. "If I can shoot, and if I'm getting shot at, yes, it's combat," argues "Sluggo," a lieutenant colonel from Charlevoix, Mich., who also asked that his name not be used. But Lt. Col. Dave "Mega" Watt scoffs. Even though the Iraqis shoot to kill, says the sandy-haired veteran of 17 years in F-16s, "the threat isn't that high. You're probably in higher danger on the Beltway." Yosten, the American Airlines pilot, comes down in the middle. "It's not full-blown combat, but it is a certain level of combat," he says. "It's a new type of mission." Most patrols last four to eight hours, with the fighters and jammers flying over Iraq and then darting back to the ROZ to refuel two or three times. In 16,000 sorties since the beginning of 1997, Air Force pilots have launched more than 1,000 bombs and missiles against more than 250 targets in northern Iraq. But they are much less likely to drop bombs and shoot missiles than they were a year ago. Brig. Gen. Bob D. DuLaney, the American commander of Operation Northern Watch since October 1999, has backed away from the confrontational tactics that the Air Force used for most of last year. In early 1999, said Mike Horn, who flew F-15s in two tours of duty in Northern Watch, "sometimes we flew in such a way that we provoked them to shoot at us." Under the operation's rules of engagement, they could not bomb unless the Iraqis fired upon them first. One sure-fire way to get the Iraqis to start shooting, Horn recalled, was to buzz a heavily defended area north of the city of Mosul. "F-16 guys would pop flares over Saddam Dam, which makes a big smoke trail, and the Iraqis would open up," said Horn, who has left the Air Force and now flies for American Airlines. "That's not my style," DuLaney said in his office just a few steps from the runway at Incirlik. Under his command, he added, there has been a "big de-emphasis on ordnance." Air Force Gen. Joseph W. Ralston, the top U.S. commander in Europe, codified the change this month in Operations Order No. 2, only the second general order governing the campaign. "We're not looking for a fight," Ralston said. "But we will do everything in our power to protect our air crews." The change has produced some grumbling among pilots who miss the more aggressive posture. DuLaney said they lack "a complete understanding of our mission," which he argued is a success as long as it deters Iraq from crushing the rebellious Kurds in the North. "Every day we're here is a day that Saddam's forces can't attack," he said. For more than a year, the Air Force has declined to release information about the number or type of missiles and bombs it unleashes on Iraq. Pentagon spokesman Kenneth Bacon said the clampdown protects pilots. But the pilots, along with others here, say it has more to do with the sensitivities of U.S. allies and the message the Air Force wants to emphasize. "If all you do is talk about the number of bombs you've dropped, then people think that's your mission," DuLaney said. DuLaney, a soft-spoken Texan, also said changes have been made to reduce the chance of repeating a mistake that killed many Iraqi civilians on May 12, 1999. In that incident, an F-15E launched a 3,000-pound bomb into a shepherd's camp after intelligence analysts--perhaps stretched by the Kosovo air campaign going on at the same time--looked at blurry satellite imagery and misidentified a metal tank that was used for watering sheep. They thought it was a surface-to-air missile launcher. The mistake was compounded when F-16 pilots, believing the surrounding tents to be camouflaged military facilities, swept the area with their guns. Iraq says the attack killed 19 people and wounded 46 others. Villagers told a visiting Washington Post reporter in June that relatives ran to the site after the first explosion, only to fall victim to the strafing. "We put some things in place that will eliminate those kinds of errors," DuLaney said, without elaborating. "I seriously doubt whether we've hurt any civilians since I've been up here." The dilemma, he added, is that most antiaircraft weaponry in northern Iraq has been placed next to mosques or populated areas. Last year, the Air Force tried to hit some of those emplacements with bombs filled with cement, not explosives, to soften the impact. DuLaney said that tactic has been abandoned because a bomb could still go awry and kill civilians or damage a mosque, which he said would play into the hands of Hussein. "If I'm going to err, I'm going to err on the side of right," he said. One reason the Air Force has been able to sustain the operation for a decade is that many personnel come from the National Guard and Reserves, which make up 20 percent to 40 percent of U.S. air crews. (There are 1,176 Americans assigned to the operation, plus 162 British service members operating Jaguar reconnaissance aircraft. The Turkish military provides some ground staff.) "We got Alabama in here now," said Col. Maurice H. Forsyth, commander of the air component of the operation. "Terre Haute's coming out in four days." Surprisingly, there is general agreement that the Guard and Reserves have better pilots than the regular Air Force, which may be one reason the United States has not lost a pilot or plane despite flying about 250,000 sorties over Iraq since 1991. Reservists sometimes are denigrated by active-duty troops as weekend warriors. But here, the Guard and Reserve pilots are the seasoned fighter jocks who lord it over the green, active-duty pilots. "The majority of them [on active duty] are what we call punks," Yosten said. Watt, commander of the active-duty 522nd Fighter Squadron, said that of his 12 pilots now at Incirlik, nine have been flying the F-16 for less than two years. He uses the mission to help season these newcomers. "I tell them to check out the triple A [antaircraft artillery], see the muzzle flashes and the airbursts," he said. "It's good for them to see it, get that bile in the back of your throat." Contrast that with Col. Scott "Zapper" Mayes of the Alabama Air National Guard, who was dodging antiaircraft fire over Hanoi before most of the active-duty pilots were born. The pilots under his command have an average of 2,000 hours flying F-16s, compared with 100 for some of the active-duty pilots. As commander of the fighter wing closest to the Atlanta airport, a major airline hub, Mayes has a waiting list to get into his unit. When commercial fliers come to Incirlik, he said, "They morph into warriors." Still, some are dismayed by what they have seen. Horn said that on more than one occasion he and his comrades received a radio message that "there was a TSM inbound"--that is, a "Turkish Special Mission" heading into Iraq. Following standard orders, the Americans turned their planes around and flew back to Turkey. "You'd see Turkish F-14s and F-16s inbound, loaded to the gills with munitions," he said. "Then they'd come out half an hour later with their munitions expended." When the Americans flew back into Iraqi airspace, he recalled, they would see "burning villages, lots of smoke and fire." The Turkish and U.S. militaries last year established separate air lanes so that U.S. aircraft patrolling the no-fly zone would not cross paths with Turkish planes bombing alleged Kurdish terrorist bases. Turkey has been fighting for years against the PKK, a Kurdish group seeking an independent homeland in the border region between Iraq, Iran and Turkey. Another source of friction has been the U.S. refusal to sell Turkey a particular precision-guided missile coveted by the Turkish military. As a result, since spring, Turkey has refused permission for the U.S. military to bring that weapon to Incirlik for use against Iraq, officials said. DuLaney insisted that since he took command a year ago, "the Turks have been wonderful" and have not blocked any U.S. flights. "Relationships are better than in '99," he said. Asked about interruptions of the operation, Baki Ilkin, Turkey's ambassador to Washington, said, "I don't know every detail about the operations. . . . I know that from time to time, the operations are suspended for one reason or another." When the day's mission is over, the pilots give the planes back to the mechanics, turn in their 9mm pistols and attend a debriefing. Most pilots prefer flying the southern no-fly zone, which is three times as large as the northern one, and so makes aircraft movements less predictable to Iraqi gunners. But the ground crews prefer it here, where the weather is cooler and where, unlike in Saudi Arabia, they are frequently allowed off base. When they go off duty, some pilots work out in the base's gym. Others while away the evenings drinking what one happily called "mega-gallons of beer." On a recent evening in the "tent city" where most troops passing through here live, maintenance crew chiefs from the Alabama Air National Guard were barbecuing chicken and ribs. "We're doing covered dish tonight," said Tech. Sgt. Dave Shows. About 1,200 people live in the tent city, something of a misnomer because the tents are now semi-permanent, air-conditioned structures with four or five bedrooms, a small living room with a TV and VCR, and a kitchenette. "We pretty much have all the comforts of home," said Master Sgt. Sidney Burk, a maintenance specialist with the 71st Fighter Squadron. After dinner, many head to a "morale tent" to use 15 computer terminals dedicated to their e-mail needs. About half the troops on temporary duty use the terminals every day. The biggest complaint they have, said Marine Lt. Col. Rick Shamburger, commanding officer of a Marine Reserve unit from Stewart, N.Y., is that "you have to wait sometimes five or 10 minutes to go online." The morale tent also lends out video and digital cameras. Some troops use them to tape themselves reading bedtime stories, which they send home to their kids. At the end of the tent is a travel desk that offers weekend getaways. One of the most popular is the seven-hour run to the topless beach at Alanya, on the Mediterranean. One tent over, Lt. Col. C.B. Goodwin, the Northern Watch chaplain, offers a competing excursion to Antakya, also known as Antioch, where the followers of Jesus were first called Christians. It is closer but apparently less popular than the topless beach. Many of the troops get off base one or two nights a week, with most heading for the street they call "the Alley," just outside the gates. The shops there overflow with Persian carpets, ornate brassware and leather coats--items aimed at a mature, prosperous, married force. "My wife keeps sending over orders," sighed "Bob," a combat search and rescue helicopter pilot on his third Northern Watch tour. The walls at Enver & Sedat's, a jewelry shop dripping with gold chains, are covered with photos and certificates of appreciation from the 180th Fighter Wing of the Ohio Air National Guard, the Virginia Air National Guard, even the Maryland State Police. Down the street, Angel's Clothing shop sells a T-shirt that lists the "Top 10 Reasons You Know It Is Time to Leave Turkey," which mainly involve lusting for one's spouse. What is missing, for the most part, are the girlie bars and discos that surrounded foreign bases in the Vietnam era. To be sure, there is one sign promising a Saturday night performance by "Eight Russia Strip Girls." But most of the troops out here on short rotations seem more intent on picking up Christmas presents. Israel concerned about Iraq military movements: paper JERUSALEM, Oct 25 (AFP) - Israel is viewing with concern Iraqi military movements near the Syrian and Jordanian borders, a top political source said in the Hebrew daily Yediot Aharonot on Wednesday. "This big Iraqi force is deployed in an offensive formation. It could be simply a symbolic initiative, but we saw what happened before the start of the Gulf War when Iraq invaded Kuwait," the source said. "If they want, the Iraqis can ignore Jordanian sovereignty to move on Israel," the source said. In Washington, however, the Pentagon said Tuesday that the troop movements in Iraq's western desert appeared to be part of annual training exercises and posed no danger to its neighbours. There was no air cover nor logistical back-up for any offensive operation, the US defence department said. Presumed remains of Saudi pilot flown to Geneva for analysis RIYADH, Oct 24 (AFP) - The presumed remains of a Saudi pilot downed in Iraq during the 1991 Gulf war have been flown to Geneva for analysis, the Red Cross said Wednesday. Independent experts would test the remains to verify they are those of Squadron Leader Mohammad Nadera, said Beat Schweizer, the head of the International Committee of the Red Cross in Baghdad. Blood was also being taken from his mother and sister in Saudi Arabia for DNA checks by international experts who will travel on to Geneva. The laboratory analysis could take two weeks, said Schweizer, adding that the search operation in the Iraqi desert, near the Saudi border, had gone well and the teams from both countries had cooperated. A Saudi official said Tuesday that Iraq had given the Red Cross just "19 grammes of bones and we are waiting for the genetic analysis in our laboratories and in international laboratories." People's Mujahedeen says mortar attack in Tehran carried out by women NICOSIA, Oct 25 (AFP) - Iran's main armed opposition group, the People's Mujahedeen, said Wednesday that a mortar attack it claimed to have launched on security headquarters in Tehran at the weekend was carried out by a unit made up exclusively of women. In a statement received by AFP here, the Mujuahedeen said "a number of Revolutionary Guards were killed or wounded" in the operation on Sunday morning, using weapons seized from government forces. The group gave no details on the all-woman unit, which it said was responsible for "reconnoitring, planning, commanding and the actual attack". Iran's official news agency IRNA had said on Monday that mortar shells hit northern Tehran overnight, but that no one was injured as the missiles fell onto open space. Palestinian plane to fly wounded to Baghdad BAGHDAD, Oct 25 (AFP) - A Palestinian aircraft is to fly out 20 people wounded in the clashes with Israeli forces for treatment in Baghad, a Palestinian diplomat said Wednesday. "A Palestinian Boeing from Gaza airport is to bring to Baghdad on Sunday 20 Palestinian wounded who will be hospitalised in Iraq," said Dalil al-Qasus, first secretary at the "embassy of Palestine". "The plane will also carry a delegation from the Palestine National Council for a solidarity visit to Iraq," said the diplomat. It will be the first Palestinian flight to join the flow of aircraft into Saddam International Airport since it reopened in August, in a bid to force a end to the 10-year-old air embargo on Iraq. Iraq has despatched two convoys of more than 100 trucks carrying food and medicines for the Palestinians, but charged that Israel refused to let the goods enter the Palestinian territories. Russia NGO set to hold intl conference on Iraq. MOSCOW, October 25 (Itar-Tass) - A Russian non-governmental organisation calling for a lifting of international sanctions imposed on Baghdad is expected to convene a four-way conference on Iraq in December. "The conference will hopefully take place in mid-December in either Paris or Yerevan, with lawmakers from Russia, the U.S., Britain and Iraq taking part," Aram Shegunts, director of the Committee for International Cultural, Scientific, Technical and Business Co-operation with Iraq, told Tass. "We are going to resort to people-to-people diplomacy since all other means aimed at solving the Iraqi crisis have led to nothing," Shegunts said. Shegunts said he had recently met the Second Secretary of the British Embassy in Moscow, Mark Clayton, to discuss holding such a round-table meeting. The Russian official stressed that the committee calls for the complete lifting of sanctions, rather than their easing or suspension. PAKISTAN AND IRAQ TO COOPERATE IN OIL & GAS ISLAMABAD, Oct 24 Asia Pulse - Pakistan and Iraq have agreed to explore ways and means for further enhancing bilateral relations between the two countries in various fields particularly in the oil and gas sector. The matters of mutual interests came under discussion during the meeting between minister for petroleum and natural resources, Usman Aminuddin and Ambassador of Iraq to Pakistan, Abdul Karim Aswad. The minister told the Ambassador, who called on him here, that the present government is attaching high priority to the speedy development of oil and gas sector. He briefed the Iraqi envoy about various ongoing activities in upstream and downstream and special reference to the recently announced attractive package of incentives in Offshore exploration. Vice-president says Iraq to operate domestic, foreign flights `soon` >From BBC MONITORING INTERNATIONAL REPORTS, October 25th, 2000 Vice-President Taha Yasin Ramadan this evening met the fraternal Lebanese popular delegation, which arrived in Baghdad on a private plane this afternoon to express their solidarity with steadfast Iraq. On the sidelines of the meeting, Vice-President Ramadan made a statement to the correspondents of the Iraqi Television, INA, and Arab and foreign radio and television networks. He said: [Unidentified corespondent - recording] Vice-President Taha Yasin Ramadan, how do you view the fraternal Lebanese delegation's visit to Baghdad? [Ramadan] My view and appreciation of the Arab peoples wherever they may be before and after these attempts has not changed. I believe that they consider the question of Iraq as their own question. Of course, I am very happy to see this plane which carries a delegation representing all segments of Lebanese society, from the south to the north. They come in defiance of the Zionist US administration's embargo on civilian flights. This is a defiance and sincere expression of what they believe in since the embargo was imposed on Iraq. [Q] What is your stand on Moscow's decision to operate regular flights to Baghdad? Do you think other countries will follow in Moscow's steps? Is Iraq ready for such a step? A] Iraq is ready and able [words indistinct] have the will and capability to operate such flights. Russia has decided to do so. Other countries should make their own decisions. Russia is a permanent Security Council member and knows whether this air embargo was imposed according to a Security Council resolution or not. We said from the beginning, that there is no such resolution. (Q] Do you think that Iraq will operate regular flights? [A] Maybe, within a few days. Iran halts efforts to normalize relations with Iraq TEHRAN, Iran, Oct. 25 (UPI) -- Iran is halting efforts to normalize relations with neighboring Iraq in the wake of an attack on a Tehran residential area by Iraq-based Iranian dissidents, state run radio said Wednesday. Jordan PM to make milestone visit to Baghdad BAGHDAD, Iraq, Oct. 25 (UPI) -- Jordanian Prime Minister Ali Abul-Ragheb plans to fly to Baghdad next week to discuss expanding economic and trade cooperation and the renewal of an oil contract under which Jordan could receive 4.8 million tons of Iraqi crude. Jordan to stop using dollar in commercial transactions with Iraq >From BBC MONITORING INTERNATIONAL REPORTS, October 25th, 2000 Jordan has decided to stop using the US dollar in commercial transactions with Iraq, replacing it with the euro or another European currency, Iraqi radio reported on Wednesday. AND+++++++++++++++++ PRESS RELEASE AS SANCTIONS CRUMBLE, THE OPPOSITION BUILDS! Aircraft from all over the world are now breaching sanctions on Iraq, landing in Baghdad, bringing not just humanitarian aid and solidarity, but some of the world's leading politicians and dignitaries. This weekend, in what will be the largest and most prestigious gathering of international opponents to the US and British-imposed sanctions policy, more than 50 delegates from 15 different countries will meet in Brussels to strengthen links and plot strategy for what is hoped will be the final push to demolish the blockade on Iraq. Among the delegates will be politicians, deputies and Members of Parliament from Europe and the Middle East. The Baghdad Conference is sponsored by the Mariam Appeal, the campaigning organisation set up by the Labour MP George Galloway. The conference will take place at the Metropole Hotel, 31, Place de Brouckere, B-1000 Brussels, BELGIUM on Sat 28th, and Sun 29th October. The inaugural session of the conference will be held at 11am in the Salon Ambassadeur. Members of the press and the electronic media are cordially invited to attend. Following the conclusion of the two-day meeting a Press Conference will be held on Monday October 30 at 10.00am in the Einstein Room of the Metropole Hotel to which, again, members of the media are invited. tel: +44 (0)20 7403 5200 fax: +44 (0)20 7403 3823 email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] web: www.mariamappeal.com