> From: "WikiLeaks / Sunshine Press" <sunshinepr...@this.is> > Subject: Council of Europe briefing on Assange extradition > Date: 26 March 2019 5:27:23 pm GMT+1 > BRIEFING FOR THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE > > WHY OPPOSING JULIAN ASSANGE’S EXTRADITION TO THE U.S. MATTERS FOR EUROPEAN > DEMOCRACY > > “Organisations like WikiLeaks have laid bare countless state secrets, > revealing the often grubby workings of power”. (Thorbjorn Jagland, Secretary > General, Council of Europe, November 2016)[1] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn1> > The Trump Administration has confirmed that the US government has charged > WikiLeaks’ publisher Julian Assange and that it seeks his extradition from > the UK.[2] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn2> > In the US, he faces life in prison. The US actions are a serious threat to > European freedom of expression, media and sovereignty. > > The United Nations has repeatedly called for Assange to walk free. > Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and other leading human rights > organisations have released statements categorically opposing Assange’s > extradition. > The city of Geneva recently passed a resolution calling for Assange to be > granted asylum. > Parliamentary Members of the Council of Europe should: > > Oppose Assange’s extradition to the US. > Ensure that the Council of Europe raises this case in its procedures and > champions the issue in its work on media freedom > Press the UK government to find the solution to this issue which is available > (see below) > The extradition of Julian Assange raises a number of fundamental issues for > European democracy. > > First, European states have clear obligations under international law to > protect the rights of refugees and asylum seekers. Assange’s asylum status > requires that he not be transferred to the persecuting state (i.e., the > country that he was given asylum in relation to, the US). > > Second, the extradition of Julian Assange is for publishing and confronts > fundamental issues concerning media freedom: > > The extradition by the Trump Administration of a publisher in Europe for the > “crime” of publishing truthful information, would set a very dangerous > precedent for the extra-territorialisation of state secrecy laws and > interference in the right to publish and media freedom in Europe. > It cannot be the case that the Trump Administration be permitted to dictate > what can and cannot be published in Europe. > An extradition would post an invitation to other states to follow suit, > severely threatening the ability of journalists, publishers and human rights > organisations to safely reveal information about serious international issues. > The Council of Europe strongly advocates for freedom of expression and > freedom of the media: It states: “The right to freedom of expression and > freedom of the media as protected by Article 10 of the European Convention of > Human Rights are pillars of democratic security in Europe. The Council of > Europe promotes an enabling environment for freedom of expression, > underpinned by legal guarantees for independence and diversity of media and > safety of journalists and other media actors”.[3] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn3> > Thorbjorn Jagland, Secretary General, Council of Europe: > “Wikileaks has…challenged traditional notions of journalism, bringing up > fresh challenges to both media freedom and journalists’ working practices, > but it has vindicated some old values: after all, much of Wikileaks’ impact > came about because of reporting by journalists from traditional media. The > advent of new communication technologies is changing the world as surely as > the spinning jenny transformed the textile industry and the world’s > economies; and just as no one could foresee the long-term impact of the > Industrial Revolution, no more can anyone predict the future now. If > Wikileaks is forced to close, a thousand more sites will spring up in its > place”.[4] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn4> > Julian Assange has exposed serious US spying and economic sabotage against > European states, including Germany, France and Italy. He has spoken at the > European Parliament on numerous occasions in relation to freedom of > expression and the fight against corruption. WikiLeaks has always published > from Europe: France, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, UK, Norway and Iceland. > > Mr Assange was living in France until he was detained when visiting the UK to > assist the Guardian publish “Cablegate”. His young children are in France. > “Brexit” will prevent him using the Court of Justice of the European Union > and other EU mechanisms to secure his freedom. > > There is real urgency about Julian Assange’s situation given the confirmation > of the existence of US charges against him and credible reports that the > Ecuadorian government has caved in to pressure and may imminently expel him > from the embassy. > > Mr Assange’s freedom is not simply a matter for the courts in the United > Kingdom but for the UK government. The UK government has a simple solution > available to this matter: > > It can provide a substantive diplomatic assurance (to the UNHCR, EU, France, > Ecuador or Australia) that Assange would not be extradited to the United > States (the state in relation to which he has refugee status). Such > assurances are standard practice in the transfer of refugees or persons > involved in legal processes, from one jurisdiction to another (i.e., if > Ecuador hands him over to the UK, to resolve any remaining legal issues in > the UK). The very foundation of the international refugee system is that > refugees cannot be transferred to the state in relation to which they have > refugee status. > Main briefing > > 1. US charges and extradition. On 15 November last year, the US Department of > Justice inadvertently revealed that “Assange has been charged” under seal > and that the US seeks his extradition from the UK.[5] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn5> > These charges have been confirmed to various media, including Associated > Press, the Washington Post and the New York Times.[6] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn6> > In the US, Assange faces life in prison for publishing truthful information. > The charges relate to WikiLeaks’ 2010-2011 joint publications on war, > diplomacy and rendition with a range of media organisations – Der Spiegel, Le > Monde, La Repubblica, Espresso, The Guardian, Liberation, Mediapart, The > Telegraph, The Independent, Channel 4, the Bureau of Investigative > Journalism, Reuters, and others. (At no time has WikiLeaks or Julian Assange > been contacted by the “Mueller investigation” which is looking into the 2016 > US election.) Chelsea Manning, the alleged source for the WikiLeaks > publications on Iraq and Afghanistan in 2010-2011, who was granted clemency > by President Obama in 2017, was re-jailed by the Trump Administration on 8 > March 2019, formally to coerce her to testify against WikiLeaks. > > 2. Threats against Assange. High ranking US officials have issued a series of > threats against Assange and WikiLeaks to “take down” the organisation, > asserting that “Julian Assange has no First Amendment privileges. He is not a > US citizen” (then CIA director Mike Pompeo[7] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn7>) > and stating that arresting Assange is a “priority” for the US (then US > Attorney General Jeff Sessions[8] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn8>). > The key reason for this approach is WikiLeaks’ release of thousands of files > on the CIA in 2017 – “the largest leak of CIA documents in history”[9] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn9> > which revealed the CIA’s efforts to infest computers, smartphones, TVs, > routers and even vehicles with CIA viruses and malware. The US government > arrested a young US intelligence officer as WikiLeaks’ source who now faces > 160 years in prison and is being held in harsh conditions. The media reported > in 2017, just after the Vault 7 publications, that the US was expanding the > investigation against Assange and had prepared charges against him.[10] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn10> > All the while, it has never been questioned that WikiLeaks simply published > truthful information. > > 3. Freedom of the media. Prosecuting WikiLeaks raises the spectre of > prosecuting journalism generally and severely threatens freedom of the media. > WikiLeaks has published material given to it by whistleblowers. Dozens of > media organisations in Europe, including Der Spiegel, Le Monde, La > Repubblica, Espresso, The Guardian, Liberation, Mediapart, The Telegraph, The > Independent, Channel 4, Reuters and many others – have published that > material. Publishers should surely not be prosecuted for the “crime” of > publishing truthful information.[11] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn11> > The Trump administration should have no right to prosecute a journalist in > the UK, operating from the UK and the rest of Europe, over claims under US > laws. This would open the flood gates to an extremely dangerous precedent > that everyone should be worried about. Julian Assange’s co-publishers at > numerous media organisations all risk prosecution if the US is allowed to > prosecute a non-US publisher or journalist for revealing information it says > is secret. If the US government can prosecute a non-US journalist publishing > from the UK for revealing secrets about the US, why can’t Russia prosecute a > British journalist in London for revealing secrets about Moscow, or Saudi > Arabia do the same for revealing secrets about the Khashoggi murder? > > Media freedom under threat > David Kaye: UN special rapporteur on freedom of opinion and expression: > > “Prosecuting Assange would be dangerously problematic from the perspective of > press freedom… and should be strongly opposed”[12] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn12> > Dinah PoKempner, General Counsel, Human Rights Watch: > > “No one should be prosecuted under the antiquated Espionage Act for > publishing leaked government documents. That 1917 statute was designed to > punish people who leaked secrets to a foreign government, not to the media, > and allows no defense or mitigation of punishment on the basis that public > interest served by some leaks may outweigh any harm to national > security.”[13] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn13> > New York Times: > > “Mr. Assange is not a traditional journalist, but what he does at WikiLeaks > has also been difficult to distinguish in a legally meaningful way from what > traditional news organizations, like The New York Times, do every day: seek > out and publish information that officials would prefer to be kept secret, > including classified national security matters.”[14] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn14> > 4. Granting of refugee status. Julian Assange was granted asylum by Ecuador > in 2012, including under the 1951 Refugee Convention, to which European > states are party, owing to his well-founded fear of persecution.[15] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn15> > Asylum was granted after the UK and Swedish governments refused to give > Ecuador diplomatic assurances that they would not extradite him to the US > over WikiLeaks’ publications. The risk of extradition to the US is the only > reason he sought and received asylum by Ecuador. It is the only reason in his > asylum application and the only reason in Ecuador’s asylum determination. > > Julian Assange has always been willing to face any outstanding bail issue in > a UK legal process but not at the expense of facing extradition to the United > States. No charges were ever brought against Assange in Sweden, which closed > its investigation in 2017. Emails released under a tribunal challenge > following a Freedom of Information Act request revealed that the Swedish > authorities wanted to drop the arrest warrant for Assange as early as 2013 – > it was the UK government that improperly insisted it continue.[16] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn16> > 5. Obligations under international law. Julian Assange is protected under > international refugee law and cannot be returned to the persecuting state. > The core principle of the 1951 Convention is non-refoulement “which asserts > that a refugee should not be returned to a country where they face serious > threats to their life or freedom”.[17] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn17> > Asylum was granted to Assange by Ecuador citing a “threat to his life, > personal safety and freedom” and the torture, cruel and degrading treatment > of his alleged source under US custody.[18] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn18> > 6. United Nations call on the UK to uphold international law. The UN Working > Group on Arbitrary Detention (WGAD), the supreme international body > scrutinising this issue, has repeatedly called on the UK government to end > Assange’s “arbitrary detention”.[19] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn19> > In December 2018, it “repeated a demand that the UK abides by its > international obligations and immediately allows Wikileaks founder Julian > Assange to walk free from the Ecuadorian embassy”.[20] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn20> > The UN states that WGAD determinations are legally-binding.[21] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn21> > The latest UN statement was also reiterated by the UN Special Rapporteur for > Human Rights Defenders Michel Forst.[22] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn22> > 7. Human rights organisations oppose extradition. Amnesty International and > Human Rights Watch, among other human rights organisations, have released > statements categorically opposing Assange’s extradition. Amnesty states that > it “believes that Julian Assange should not be extradited or subjected to any > other transfer to the USA, where there are concerns that he would face a real > risk of serious human rights violations due to his work with Wikileaks”.[23] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn23> > Human Rights Watch has stated: “UK should reject extraditing Julian Assange > to US”.[24] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn24> > 8. Deteriorating health. Julian Assange has been unable to leave the embassy > for over six years for fear of being arrested and then extradited to the > United States. During this time, medical assessments show that his health has > deteriorated.[25] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn25> > The United Nations has stated that it is “concerned that the modalities of > the continued arbitrary deprivation of liberty of Mr. Assange is undermining > his health, and may possible endanger his life given the disproportionate > amount of anxiety and stress that such prolonged deprivation of liberty > entails”.[26] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn26> > 9. A solution to the issue. The UK government has a simple solution available > to this matter: It can provide a diplomatic assurance (to Australia or to > Ecuador) that it will respect its refugee obligations and not extradite > Assange to the United States (the state in relation to which he has refugee > status). Such assurances are standard practice in the transfer of refugees in > legal processes from one jurisdiction to another (i.e., if Ecuador hands him > over to the UK, to resolve any remaining UK domestic legal issues). The UK > itself insists that other states provide “no secondary purpose” guarantees > for all extraditions from the UK.[27] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn27> > Interpol also forbids arrest notices for refugees from the states in > relation to which they have refugee status.[28] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_edn28> > The very foundation of the international refugee system is that refugees > cannot be transferred to the state in relation to which they have refugee > status. > > There is real urgency about Julian Assange’s situation given the confirmation > of the existence of US charges against him and credible reports that the > Ecuadorian government has caved in to pressure and may imminently expel him > from the embassy. > > > > For more information, contact: courage.cont...@couragefound.org > <mailto:courage.cont...@couragefound.org> > The Courage Foundation – www.couragefound.org <http://www.couragefound.org/> > – is an international organisation that supports those who risk life or > liberty to make significant contributions to the historical record. It > campaigns and fundraises for the legal and public defence of specific > individuals such as Julian Assange who are subject to serious prosecution or > persecution. > > REFERENCES > > [1] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref1> > > https://www.coe.int/en/web/secretary-general/speeches-2016/-/asset_publisher/TQ9ylWpDFtLP/content/14th-council-of-europe-conference-of-ministers-responsible-for-sport-sport-in-a-post-trust-world-closing-speech > > <https://www.coe.int/en/web/secretary-general/speeches-2016/-/asset_publisher/TQ9ylWpDFtLP/content/14th-council-of-europe-conference-of-ministers-responsible-for-sport-sport-in-a-post-trust-world-closing-speech> > [2] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref2> > https://pacer-documents.s3.amazonaws.com/179/399086/18919235200.pdf > <https://pacer-documents.s3.amazonaws.com/179/399086/18919235200.pdf>. > https://www.apnews.com/21288cb5819b49dd9042c0cf19ff2734 > <https://www.apnews.com/21288cb5819b49dd9042c0cf19ff2734>. > https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/julian-assange-has-been-charged-prosecutors-reveal-in-inadvertent-court-filing/2018/11/15/9902e6ba-98bd-48df-b447-3e2a4638f05a_story.html?utm_term=.9f54fa7bdcec > > <https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/julian-assange-has-been-charged-prosecutors-reveal-in-inadvertent-court-filing/2018/11/15/9902e6ba-98bd-48df-b447-3e2a4638f05a_story.html?utm_term=.9f54fa7bdcec> > [3] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref3> > https://www.coe.int/en/web/freedom-expression/media > <https://www.coe.int/en/web/freedom-expression/media> > [4] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref4> > > https://www.coe.int/en/web/secretary-general/opinion-articles/-/asset_publisher/EYlBJNjXtA5U/content/a-new-era-for-privacy-by-thorbj-rn-jagland > > <https://www.coe.int/en/web/secretary-general/opinion-articles/-/asset_publisher/EYlBJNjXtA5U/content/a-new-era-for-privacy-by-thorbj-rn-jagland> > [5] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref5> > https://pacer-documents.s3.amazonaws.com/179/399086/18919235200.pdf > <https://pacer-documents.s3.amazonaws.com/179/399086/18919235200.pdf> > [6] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref6> > https://www.apnews.com/21288cb5819b49dd9042c0cf19ff2734 > <https://www.apnews.com/21288cb5819b49dd9042c0cf19ff2734>. > https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/julian-assange-has-been-charged-prosecutors-reveal-in-inadvertent-court-filing/2018/11/15/9902e6ba-98bd-48df-b447-3e2a4638f05a_story.html?utm_term=.9f54fa7bdcec > > <https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/julian-assange-has-been-charged-prosecutors-reveal-in-inadvertent-court-filing/2018/11/15/9902e6ba-98bd-48df-b447-3e2a4638f05a_story.html?utm_term=.9f54fa7bdcec> > [7] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref7> > > https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/oct/20/cia-working-take-down-wikileaks-threat-agency-chie/ > > <https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/oct/20/cia-working-take-down-wikileaks-threat-agency-chie/>. > https://www.newsweek.com/cia-chief-pompeo-takes-aim-free-press-587686 > <https://www.newsweek.com/cia-chief-pompeo-takes-aim-free-press-587686> > [8] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref8> > > https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/apr/21/arresting-julian-assange-is-a-priority-says-us-attorney-general-jeff-sessions > > <https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/apr/21/arresting-julian-assange-is-a-priority-says-us-attorney-general-jeff-sessions> > [9] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref9> > https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/07/world/europe/wikileaks-cia-hacking.html > <https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/07/world/europe/wikileaks-cia-hacking.html> > [10] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref10> > > https://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/20/politics/julian-assange-wikileaks-us-charges/index.html > > <https://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/20/politics/julian-assange-wikileaks-us-charges/index.html> > [11] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref11> > In August 2017 then Attorney General Sessions threatened to prosecute media > outlets publishing classified information. > https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-sessions-leaks/trump-administration-goes-on-attack-against-leakers-journalists-idUSKBN1AK1UR > > <https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-sessions-leaks/trump-administration-goes-on-attack-against-leakers-journalists-idUSKBN1AK1UR> > [12] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref12> > https://twitter.com/davidakaye/status/1063445428337864706 > <https://twitter.com/davidakaye/status/1063445428337864706> > [13] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref13> > > https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/06/19/uk-should-reject-extraditing-julian-assange-us > > <https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/06/19/uk-should-reject-extraditing-julian-assange-us> > [14] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref14> > > https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/16/us/politics/julian-assange-indictment.html#click=https://t.co/iQHSxEcX25 > > <https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/16/us/politics/julian-assange-indictment.html#click=https://t.co/iQHSxEcX25> > [15] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref15> > > https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/statement-of-the-government-of-the-republic-of-ecuador-on-the-asylum-request-of-julian-assange/?lang=en > > <https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/statement-of-the-government-of-the-republic-of-ecuador-on-the-asylum-request-of-julian-assange/?lang=en> > [16] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref16> > > https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/feb/11/sweden-tried-to-drop-assange-extradition-in-2013-cps-emails-show > > <https://www.theguardian.com/media/2018/feb/11/sweden-tried-to-drop-assange-extradition-in-2013-cps-emails-show> > [17] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref17> > https://www.unhcr.org/1951-refugee-convention.html > <https://www.unhcr.org/1951-refugee-convention.html> > [18] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref18> > > https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/statement-of-the-government-of-the-republic-of-ecuador-on-the-asylum-request-of-julian-assange/?lang=en > > <https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/statement-of-the-government-of-the-republic-of-ecuador-on-the-asylum-request-of-julian-assange/?lang=en> > [19] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref19> > > https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24042&LangID=E > > <https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24042&LangID=E> > [20] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref20> > > https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24042&LangID=E > > <https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24042&LangID=E> > [21] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref21> > > https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24042&LangID=E > > <https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24042&LangID=E> > [22] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref22> > > https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24042&LangID=E > > <https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24042&LangID=E> > [23] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref23> > https://twitter.com/AssangeDefence/status/1038344101794643968 > <https://twitter.com/AssangeDefence/status/1038344101794643968> > [24] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref24> > > https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/06/19/uk-should-reject-extraditing-julian-assange-us > > <https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/06/19/uk-should-reject-extraditing-julian-assange-us> > [25] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref25> > > https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2018/06/22/sean-love-access-medical-care-must-guaranteed-julian-assange/ > > <https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2018/06/22/sean-love-access-medical-care-must-guaranteed-julian-assange/>. > > [26] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref26> > > https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24042&LangID=E > > <https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24042&LangID=E> > [27] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref27> > https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/41/section/17 > <https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/41/section/17> > [28] > <https://defend.wikileaks.org/2019/03/26/briefing-for-the-council-of-europe-why-opposing-julian-assanges-extradition-to-the-u-s-matters-for-european-democracy/#_ednref28> > > https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/12/hakeem-al-araibi-interpol-red-notice-against-refugee-contravened-its-own-regulation > > <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/12/hakeem-al-araibi-interpol-red-notice-against-refugee-contravened-its-own-regulation>
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