We have been using a custom UserManager for sometime now in our web application. It works extremely well, and is very easy to implement. However, we are now in need of some stand alone applications that need access to our EJB's. When we attempt to access an EJB, we are having problems. I have been able to trace it down to the JNDI lookup of the datasource. We have a utility object called ConnectionManager that handles the lookup of a datasource. Here is a snippet. public static Connection getConnection(String jndiName) { InitialContext context = null; javax.sql.DataSource ds = null; Connection conn = null; try { context = new InitialContext(); ds = (DataSource) context.lookup(jndiName); conn = ds.getConnection(); } catch (SQLException sqle) { sqle.printStackTrace(); } catch (NamingException ne) { ne.printStackTrace(); } return conn; } We pass in our jndi names like 'jdbc/OraclePooledDS'. In our UserManager, we attempt to get a connection in this fashion from the getUser method. We get the following stack trace: javax.naming.NamingException: Not in an application scope - start Orion with the -userThreads switch if using user-created threads at com.evermind.server.g7.bi(JAX) at com.evermind.naming.j0.lookup(JAX) at javax.naming.InitialContext.lookup(InitialContext.java:350) at com.ironmax.util.ConnectionManager.getConnection(ConnectionManager.java) at com.ironmax.security.IronmaxUserManager.getUser(IronmaxUserManager.java) at com.evermind.server.rmi.ba.run(JAX) at com.evermind.util.f.run(JAX) java.lang.NullPointerException at com.ironmax.security.IronmaxUserManager.getUser(IronmaxUserManager.java) at com.evermind.server.rmi.ba.run(JAX) at com.evermind.util.f.run(JAX) We have tried the -userThreads flag, but no luck. If we comment out the usermanager tags in the orion-application.xml file, everything works as expected using a user identified in the principals.xml file. I have seen only one posting to this news group outlining the same problem, but there were no followups. I have notified orion support, but have not received any answers(or acknowledgement), and even went so far as to forward on to Karl and Magnus directly. If anyone has any thoughts on this, please drop me a note. I am running out of things to try. James Birchfield Ironmax a better way to buy, sell and rent construction equipment 5 Corporate Center 9960 Corporate Campus Drive, Suite 2000 Louisville, KY 40223