http://www.danieldrezner.com/archives/002076.html

Wednesday, May 18, 2005


Suicide terrorism -- it's not just for Islamic extremists
 
My colleague Robert Pape, author of the soon-to-be-released Dying to
Win from Random House, has an informative op-ed today in the New York
Times about the strategic logic of suicide terrorism. The key fact is
Pape's finding that suicide terrorism has more to do with foreign
occupation than Islamic fundamentalism: 

Over the past two years, I have compiled a database of every suicide
bombing and attack around the globe from 1980 through 2003 - 315 in
all. This includes every episode in which at least one terrorist
killed himself or herself while trying to kill others, but excludes
attacks authorized by a national government (like those by North
Korean agents against South Korea). The data show that there is far
less of a connection between suicide terrorism and religious
fundamentalism than most people think. 

The leading instigator of suicide attacks is the Tamil Tigers in Sri
Lanka, a Marxist-Leninist group whose members are from Hindu families
but who are adamantly opposed to religion. This group committed 76 of
the 315 incidents, more than Hamas (54) or Islamic Jihad (27). Even
among Muslims, secular groups like the Kurdistan Workers' Party, the
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and the Al Aksa Martyr
Brigades account for more than a third of suicide attacks. 
What nearly all suicide terrorist attacks actually have in common is a
specific secular and strategic goal: to compel modern democracies to
withdraw military forces from territory that the terrorists consider
to be their homeland. Religion is often used as a tool by terrorist
organizations in recruiting and in seeking aid from abroad, but is
rarely the root cause.

This doesn't mean religion is irrelevant -- religious differences
between an occupying force and the residents of an occupying country
are a key means through which extremists can recruit suicide terrorists. 
Read the whole thing. 









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