halo teman-teman, sekarang kan sedang jamannya rame isu amandemen konstitusi, kalau misalnya 'hak atas air dan sanitasi' dimasukkan kedalam bagian dari bab hak asasi manusia, kira kira "merepotkan" nggak ya?
kalau dari hasil review saya sih kelihatannya undang2 sumber daya air nggak jelas masalah apportionment of rights, antara "hak eksploitasi air" (yang dimiliki perusahaan) vs "hak guna air" (individu, untuk daily subsistence). kedua, uu sda kayaknya cenderung melihat hak atas air dari segi ekonominya saja (berdasarkan pasal 33), tetapi tidak melihat air sebagai hak asasi manusia. sedangkan, isu air dan sanitasi bisa jadi bakal marak tahun tahun ke depan karena urbanisasi, population explosion, climate change (banjir, global warming, dsb) dan polusi groundwater. terakhir saya lihat perpres DNI (Daftar Negatif Investasi), air minum dimasukkan kedalam bagian "terbuka untuk investasi asing" dengan persyaratan max. capital ownership investor asing adalah 95% saya kurang tahu dari segi ekonominya, tetapi dari segi hukum setahu saya ada resiko2 yang cukup besar kalau korporasi multinasional diberikan keleluasaan mengelola sektor air minum. tapi di privatisasi atau tidak, mungkin bisa sedikit membantu kalau hak atas air dan sanitasi dijamin dalam konstitusi. salam, mova ada beberapa link yang mungkin bisa sedikit menambah informasi: 1. quickfacts tentang air: http://www.un.org/events/water/brochure.htm 1.1 billion people lack access to safe water, roughly one-sixth of the world's population, and 2.4 billion or 40 per cent of the world's people lack access to adequate sanitation services. 2. water dan sewerage di indonesia: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/indoe.html Indonesia's water quality is deteriorating. One of the most serious problems is the lack of sewerage systems in urban areas. The *Indonesia Environment Monitor* notes that Indonesia ranks among the worst countries in Asia in sewerage and sanitation coverage. Few Indonesian cities possess even minimal sanitation systems. For example, according to a 2002 World Bank report<http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/eap/eap.nsf/Attachments/Water-Ris&Pollard/$File/1INDONESIA-sewerage+experience+%28final%29.pdf>, less than 3% of Jakarta's population is connected to a sewer system. 3. judicial review uu air oleh MK: http://www.lead-journal.org/abstracts/06001.htm The Judicial Review of the Law by the Constitutional added to this controversy as it puts the legality of the water regime in Indonesia in a "twilight zone". 4. risiko hukum privatisasi air oleh MNC: http://www.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20070516.F04 Another disadvantage in dealing with an MNC is that there is currently no adequate accountability and responsibility standard in place. Thus, it is theoretically possible for an MNC to cause losses (to the environment or labor) in a host state and get away with it. This is because an MNC is a single economic unity, but is legally distinct. The losses are not attributable to its parent company in United States or Europe, because those companies exist beyond Indonesia's jurisdictions and they possess a distinct legal personality from their Indonesian "avatar". 5. air dan masalah gender: http://www.wedo.org/files/divertingtheflow.pdf Every day, many women and girls walk or travel long distances to bring water to their families, often at the expense of education, income generating activities, cultural and political involvement, and rest and recreation. Despite this, women's central role in water resources management is often ignored. 6. Report UNFPA 2007: http://www.unfpa.org/swp/2007/english/introduction.html In 2008, the world reaches an invisible but momentous milestone: For the first time in history, more than half its human population, 3.3 billion people, will be living in urban areas. By 2030, this is expected to swell to almost 5 billion. Many of the new urbanites will be poor. Their future, the future of cities in developing countries, the future of humanity itself, all depend very much on decisions made now in preparation for this growth. 7. Forbes Mag, "2 billion slum dwellers": http://www.forbes.com/2007/06/11/third-world-slums-biz-cx_21cities_ee_0611slums.html By 2030, an estimated 5 billion of the world's 8.1 billion people will live in cities. About 2 billion of them will live in slums, primarily in Africa and Asia, lacking access to clean drinking water and working toilets, surrounded by desperation and crime. 8. "kenapa" hak atas air dan sanitasi sebaiknya dinyatakan dalam konstitusi: http://www.thejakartapost.com/detaileditorial.asp?fileid=20070710.F04&irec=3 [Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
