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BBC NEWS
Fossil frogs yield 'soft tissues'
By Helen Briggs
Science reporter, BBC News
Scientists have extracted marrow from the bones of frogs and
salamanders that died 10 million years ago in the muddy swamps of
north-eastern Spain.
The first fossilised bone marrow known to science provides a rare
insight into the make-up of prehistoric animals.
It is preserved in remarkable detail; usually only hard tissue such as
bone survives in the fossil record.
The soft tissue may yield traces of protein and DNA, researchers
report in the journal Geology.
Bone marrow is the tissue that fills the centre of large bones,
acting as a factory for producing new platelets and red and white
blood cells.
It contains two types of cells: haematopoietic (which can produce
blood cells) and stromal (which can produce fat, cartilage and bone).
It is very exciting because with this organic material we can
look for traces of organic molecules, protein and possibly even DNA
Maria McNamara, University College Dublin The ancient bone marrow was
preserved in 3D, retaining the original texture and red and yellow
colour of haematopoietic and fatty marrow.
"Finding soft tissue like this is so important because it gives an
insight into the physiology of ancient organisms, and how their bodies
worked," said team member Maria McNamara of University College Dublin.
"The fact that we've got red bone marrow in the salamander shows that
their blood cells were produced in the bone marrow; in the modern
salamander it is not, it is produced in the spleen," she told the BBC
News website.
Protective shell
The frogs and salamanders were found in a fossil-rich deposit dating
back to the Miocene Epoch, the period of time that extends from about
5.3 to 23 million years ago.
Ms McNamara, and colleagues in the UK, Spain and US, say the bone
marrow was preserved because the bones acted as a protective shell,
preventing microbes from invading and breaking the soft tissue down.
They believe many other examples of preserved bone marrow will be
found, raising the possibility of investigating the proteins and DNA
of prehistoric animals.
"It is very exciting because with this organic material we can look
for traces of organic molecules, protein and possibly even DNA," the
Dublin researcher said.
"There are potentially a lot more of these types of tissue preserved
and much more chance for other palaeontologists to find protein and
DNA."
The discovery of traces of ancient soft tissue has proved
controversial in the past. Many finds have turned out to be little
more than mineral deposits.
Last year, US researchers extracted some flexible filaments that
resembled blood vessels from dinosaur bone. They also found traces of
what look liked red blood cells.
The bone belonged to a Tyrannosaurus rex specimen that was at least 65
million years old. Story from BBC NEWS:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/science/nature/5214798.stm
Published: 2006/07/26 16:10:19 GMT
© BBC MMVI
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