instead of 5 slightly different calls to RESTHandler::usage_str this
introduces a wrapper function that handles all required cases and is
capable of resolving sub-commands.
Adds a subroutine to print the short help for a command in case no
subcommand was given.
Modifies handle_cmd to allow for parsing of subcommands.
---
 src/PVE/CLIHandler.pm | 219 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 151 insertions(+), 68 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/PVE/CLIHandler.pm b/src/PVE/CLIHandler.pm
index e61fa6a..7c98287 100644
--- a/src/PVE/CLIHandler.pm
+++ b/src/PVE/CLIHandler.pm
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package PVE::CLIHandler;
 
 use strict;
 use warnings;
-use Data::Dumper;
 
 use PVE::SafeSyslog;
 use PVE::Exception qw(raise raise_param_exc);
@@ -48,6 +47,87 @@ my $complete_command_names = sub {
     return $res;
 };
 
+my $generate_usage_str;
+$generate_usage_str = sub {
+    my ($args) = @_;
+    die "not initialized" if !($cmddef && $exename && $cli_handler_class);
+    die 'format required' if !$args->{format};
+
+    # Set the defaults
+    $args->{sortfunc} //= sub {
+       my ($hash) = @_;
+       return sort keys %$hash;
+    };
+    $args->{base} //= $cmddef;
+    $args->{prefix} //= $exename;
+    $args->{pwcallback} //= $cli_handler_class->can('read_password');
+    $args->{stringfilemap} //= 
$cli_handler_class->can('string_param_file_mapping');
+    $args->{sect_sep} //= "";
+    $args->{indent} //= "";
+
+    my $str = "";
+    if ($args->{cmd}) {
+       raise_param_exc({ cmd => "no such command '$args->{cmd}'"}) if 
!$args->{base}->{$args->{cmd}};
+       if (ref($args->{base}->{$args->{cmd}}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+           # $args->{cmd} is an array, so it's an actual command
+           my ($class, $name, $arg_param, $fixed_param) = 
@{$args->{base}->{$args->{cmd}}};
+           $str .= $args->{indent};
+           $str .= $class->usage_str($name, "$args->{prefix} $args->{cmd}", 
$arg_param,
+                                     $fixed_param, $args->{format}, 
$args->{pwcallback},
+                                     $args->{stringfilemap});
+       } else {
+           # $args->{cmd} is not an array, so we recurse
+           $str .= $generate_usage_str->({
+               format => $args->{format},
+               sortfunc => $args->{sortfunc},
+               base => $args->{base}->{$args->{cmd}},
+               prefix => "$args->{prefix} $args->{cmd}",
+               pwcallback => $args->{pwcallback},
+               stringfilemap => $args->{stringfilemap},
+               sect_sep => $args->{sect_sep},
+               indent => $args->{indent},
+           });
+       }
+    } else {
+       # No single $args->{cmd} given, so we explore all commands
+       if (ref($args->{base}) eq 'HASH') {
+           my $oldclass = undef;
+           foreach my $cmd ($args->{sortfunc}->($args->{base})) {
+               if (ref($args->{base}->{$cmd}) eq 'ARRAY') {
+                   # $cmd is an array, so it's an actual command
+                   my ($class, $name, $arg_param, $fixed_param) = 
@{$args->{base}->{$cmd}};
+                   $str .= $args->{sect_sep} if $oldclass && $oldclass ne 
$class;
+                   $str .= $args->{indent};
+                   $str .= $class->usage_str($name, "$args->{prefix} $cmd", 
$arg_param,
+                                             $fixed_param, $args->{format}, 
$args->{pwcallback},
+                                             $args->{stringfilemap});
+                   $oldclass = $class;
+               } else {
+                   # $cmd is not an array, so we recurse
+                   $str .= $generate_usage_str->({
+                       format => $args->{format},
+                       sortfunc => $args->{sortfunc},
+                       base => $args->{base}->{$cmd},
+                       prefix => "$args->{prefix} $cmd",
+                       pwcallback => $args->{pwcallback},
+                       stringfilemap => $args->{stringfilemap},
+                       sect_sep => $args->{sect_sep},
+                       indent => $args->{indent},
+                   });
+                   $str .= $args->{sect_sep};
+               }
+           }
+       } else {
+           # Handle simple commands
+           my ($class, $name, $arg_param, $fixed_param) = @$args->{base};
+           $str .= $args->{indent};
+           $str .= $class->usage_str($name, $name, $arg_param, $fixed_param,
+                                     $args->{format}, $args->{pwcallback}, 
$args->{stringfilemap});
+       }
+    }
+    return $str;
+};
+
 __PACKAGE__->register_method ({
     name => 'help', 
     path => 'help',
@@ -92,16 +172,13 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method ({
 
        $cmd = &$expand_command_name($cmddef, $cmd);
 
-       my ($class, $name, $arg_param, $uri_param) = @{$cmddef->{$cmd} || []};
-
-       raise_param_exc({ cmd => "no such command '$cmd'"}) if !$class;
+       my $str = &$generate_usage_str({
+           format => $verbose ? 'full' : 'short',
+           cmd => $cmd,
+           indent => $verbose ? '' : ' ' x 7,
+       });
+       $str =~ s/^\s+//;
 
-       my $pwcallback = $cli_handler_class->can('read_password');
-       my $stringfilemap = 
$cli_handler_class->can('string_param_file_mapping');
-
-       my $str = $class->usage_str($name, "$exename $cmd", $arg_param, 
$uri_param,
-                                   $verbose ? 'full' : 'short', $pwcallback,
-                                   $stringfilemap);
        if ($verbose) {
            print "$str\n";
        } else {
@@ -113,17 +190,10 @@ __PACKAGE__->register_method ({
     }});
 
 sub print_simple_asciidoc_synopsis {
-    my ($class, $name, $arg_param, $uri_param) = @_;
-
     die "not initialized" if !$cli_handler_class;
 
-    my $pwcallback = $cli_handler_class->can('read_password');
-    my $stringfilemap = $cli_handler_class->can('string_param_file_mapping');
-
-    my $synopsis = "*${name}* `help`\n\n";
-
-    $synopsis .= $class->usage_str($name, $name, $arg_param, $uri_param,
-                                  'asciidoc', $pwcallback, $stringfilemap);
+    my $synopsis = "*${exename}* `help`\n\n";
+    $synopsis .= &$generate_usage_str({format => 'asciidoc'});
 
     return $synopsis;
 }
@@ -132,24 +202,11 @@ sub print_asciidoc_synopsis {
 
     die "not initialized" if !($cmddef && $exename && $cli_handler_class);
 
-    my $pwcallback = $cli_handler_class->can('read_password');
-    my $stringfilemap = $cli_handler_class->can('string_param_file_mapping');
-
     my $synopsis = "";
 
     $synopsis .= "*${exename}* `<COMMAND> [ARGS] [OPTIONS]`\n\n";
 
-    my $oldclass;
-    foreach my $cmd (sort keys %$cmddef) {
-       my ($class, $name, $arg_param, $uri_param) = @{$cmddef->{$cmd}};
-       my $str = $class->usage_str($name, "$exename $cmd", $arg_param,
-                                   $uri_param, 'asciidoc', $pwcallback,
-                                   $stringfilemap);
-       $synopsis .= "\n" if $oldclass && $oldclass ne $class;
-
-       $synopsis .= "$str\n\n";
-       $oldclass = $class;
-    }
+    $synopsis .= &$generate_usage_str({format => 'asciidoc'});
 
     $synopsis .= "\n";
 
@@ -160,21 +217,11 @@ sub print_usage_verbose {
 
     die "not initialized" if !($cmddef && $exename && $cli_handler_class);
 
-    my $pwcallback = $cli_handler_class->can('read_password');
-    my $stringfilemap = $cli_handler_class->can('string_param_file_mapping');
-
     print "USAGE: $exename <COMMAND> [ARGS] [OPTIONS]\n\n";
 
-    foreach my $cmd (sort keys %$cmddef) {
-       my ($class, $name, $arg_param, $uri_param) = @{$cmddef->{$cmd}};
-       my $str = $class->usage_str($name, "$exename $cmd", $arg_param, 
$uri_param,
-                                   'full', $pwcallback, $stringfilemap);
-       print "$str\n\n";
-    }
-}
+    my $str = &$generate_usage_str({format => 'full', indent => ' ' x 7});
 
-sub sorted_commands {   
-    return sort { ($cmddef->{$a}->[0] cmp $cmddef->{$b}->[0]) || ($a cmp $b)} 
keys %$cmddef;
+    print "$str\n\n";
 }
 
 sub print_usage_short {
@@ -182,22 +229,48 @@ sub print_usage_short {
 
     die "not initialized" if !($cmddef && $exename && $cli_handler_class);
 
-    my $pwcallback = $cli_handler_class->can('read_password');
-    my $stringfilemap = $cli_handler_class->can('string_param_file_mapping');
-
     print $fd "ERROR: $msg\n" if $msg;
     print $fd "USAGE: $exename <COMMAND> [ARGS] [OPTIONS]\n";
 
-    my $oldclass;
-    foreach my $cmd (sorted_commands()) {
-       my ($class, $name, $arg_param, $uri_param) = @{$cmddef->{$cmd}};
-       my $str = $class->usage_str($name, "$exename $cmd", $arg_param, 
$uri_param, 'short', $pwcallback, $stringfilemap);
-       print $fd "\n" if $oldclass && $oldclass ne $class;
-       print $fd "       $str";
-       $oldclass = $class;
-    }
+    print &$generate_usage_str({format => 'short', sect_sep => "\n", sortfunc 
=>
+       sub {
+           my ($hash) = @_;
+           return sort {
+               if ((ref($hash->{$a}) eq 'ARRAY' && ref($hash->{$b}) eq 
'ARRAY') &&
+                   ($hash->{$a}->[0] ne $hash->{$b}->[0])) {
+                   return $hash->{$a}->[0] cmp $hash->{$b}->[0];
+               } elsif (ref($hash->{$a}) eq 'ARRAY' xor ref($hash->{$b}) eq 
'ARRAY') {
+                   return ref($hash->{$b}) eq 'ARRAY' ? -1 : 1;
+               } else {
+                   return $a cmp $b;
+               }
+           } keys %$hash;
+       }, indent => ' ' x 7});
 }
 
+my $print_help_short = sub {
+    my ($fd, $cmd, $msg) = @_;
+
+    die "not initialized" if !($cmddef);
+
+    print $fd "ERROR: $msg\n" if $msg;
+
+    my $base = $cmddef;
+    while (scalar(@$cmd) > 1) {
+       $base = $base->{shift @$cmd};
+    }
+
+    my $str = &$generate_usage_str({
+       format => 'short',
+       base => $base,
+       cmd => $cmd->[0],
+       indent => ' ' x 7,
+    });
+    $str =~ s/^\s+//;
+
+    print "USAGE: $str\n";
+};
+
 my $print_bash_completion = sub {
     my ($cmddef, $simple_cmd, $bash_command, $cur, $prev) = @_;
 
@@ -375,12 +448,11 @@ sub generate_asciidoc_synopsis {
 
     no strict 'refs';
     my $def = ${"${class}::cmddef"};
+    $cmddef = $def;
 
     if (ref($def) eq 'ARRAY') {
        print_simple_asciidoc_synopsis(@$def);
     } else {
-       $cmddef = $def;
-
        $cmddef->{help} = [ __PACKAGE__, 'help', ['cmd'] ];
 
        print_asciidoc_synopsis();
@@ -405,33 +477,44 @@ my $handle_cmd  = sub {
     # call verifyapi before setup_environment(), because we do not want to
     # execute any real code in this case
 
-    if (!$cmd) {
+    if (!defined($cmd->[0])) {
        print_usage_short (\*STDERR, "no command specified");
        exit (-1);
-    } elsif ($cmd eq 'verifyapi') {
+    } elsif ($cmd->[0] eq 'verifyapi') {
        PVE::RESTHandler::validate_method_schemas();
        return;
     }
 
     $cli_handler_class->setup_environment();
 
-    if ($cmd eq 'bashcomplete') {
+    if ($cmd->[0] eq 'bashcomplete') {
        &$print_bash_completion($cmddef, 0, @$args);
        return;
     }
 
     &$preparefunc() if $preparefunc;
 
-    $cmd = &$expand_command_name($cmddef, $cmd);
+    unshift @$args, shift @$cmd;
+    my $base = $def;
+    while (scalar(@$args) > 0) {
+       last if (ref($base) eq 'ARRAY');
+       push @$cmd, &$expand_command_name($base, shift @$args);
+       $base = $base->{$cmd->[-1]};
+    }
+
+    if (ref($base) eq 'HASH') {
+       &$print_help_short (\*STDERR, $cmd, "incomplete command '" . join(' ', 
@$cmd) . "'");
+       exit (-1);
+    }
 
-    my ($class, $name, $arg_param, $uri_param, $outsub) = @{$cmddef->{$cmd} || 
[]};
+    my ($class, $name, $arg_param, $uri_param, $outsub) = @{$base || []};
 
     if (!$class) {
-       print_usage_short (\*STDERR, "unknown command '$cmd'");
+       print_usage_short (\*STDERR, "unknown command '" . join(' ', @$cmd) . 
"'");
        exit (-1);
     }
 
-    my $prefix = "$exename $cmd";
+    my $prefix = "$exename " . join(' ', @$cmd);
     my $res = $class->cli_handler($prefix, $name, \@ARGV, $arg_param, 
$uri_param, $pwcallback, $stringfilemap);
 
     &$outsub($res) if $outsub;
@@ -446,7 +529,7 @@ my $handle_simple_cmd = sub {
     if (scalar(@$args) >= 1) {
        if ($args->[0] eq 'help') {
            my $str = "USAGE: $name help\n";
-           $str .= $class->usage_str($name, $name, $arg_param, $uri_param, 
'long', $pwcallback, $stringfilemap);
+           $str .= &$generate_usage_str({format => 'long'});
            print STDERR "$str\n\n";
            return;
        } elsif ($args->[0] eq 'verifyapi') {
@@ -513,8 +596,8 @@ sub run_cli_handler {
        &$handle_simple_cmd($def, \@ARGV, $pwcallback, $preparefunc, 
$stringfilemap);
     } else {
        $cmddef = $def;
-       my $cmd = shift @ARGV;
-       &$handle_cmd($cmddef, $exename, $cmd, \@ARGV, $pwcallback, 
$preparefunc, $stringfilemap);
+       my @cmd = shift @ARGV;
+       &$handle_cmd($cmddef, $exename, \@cmd, \@ARGV, $pwcallback, 
$preparefunc, $stringfilemap);
     }
 
     exit 0;
-- 
2.11.0


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