Author: Armin Rigo <ar...@tunes.org>
Branch: py3k-faulthandler
Changeset: r87494:62275cf72b32
Date: 2016-10-01 12:15 +0200
http://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/changeset/62275cf72b32/

Log:    hg merge py3k

diff too long, truncating to 2000 out of 3262 lines

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -40,4 +40,4 @@
 # http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/help-make/2010-08/msg00106.html
 
 cffi_imports: pypy-c
-       PYTHONPATH=. ./pypy-c pypy/tool/build_cffi_imports.py
+       PYTHONPATH=. ./pypy-c pypy/tool/build_cffi_imports.py || /bin/true
diff --git a/lib-python/3/imp.py b/lib-python/3/imp.py
--- a/lib-python/3/imp.py
+++ b/lib-python/3/imp.py
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
         elif os.path.isdir(path):
             raise ImportError('existing directory', path=path)
 
-    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
+    def find_module(self, fullname):
         """Always returns None."""
         return None
 
diff --git a/lib_pypy/_pypy_winbase_build.py b/lib_pypy/_pypy_winbase_build.py
--- a/lib_pypy/_pypy_winbase_build.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/_pypy_winbase_build.py
@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@
 HANDLE WINAPI GetCurrentProcess(void);
 BOOL WINAPI DuplicateHandle(HANDLE, HANDLE, HANDLE, LPHANDLE,
                             DWORD, BOOL, DWORD);
-BOOL WINAPI CreateProcessA(char *, char *, void *,
-                           void *, BOOL, DWORD, char *,
-                           char *, LPSTARTUPINFO, LPPROCESS_INFORMATION);
+BOOL WINAPI CreateProcessW(wchar_t *, wchar_t *, void *,
+                           void *, BOOL, DWORD, wchar_t *,
+                           wchar_t *, LPSTARTUPINFO, LPPROCESS_INFORMATION);
 DWORD WINAPI WaitForSingleObject(HANDLE, DWORD);
 BOOL WINAPI GetExitCodeProcess(HANDLE, LPDWORD);
 BOOL WINAPI TerminateProcess(HANDLE, UINT);
diff --git a/lib_pypy/_pypy_winbase_cffi.py b/lib_pypy/_pypy_winbase_cffi.py
--- a/lib_pypy/_pypy_winbase_cffi.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/_pypy_winbase_cffi.py
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 
 ffi = _cffi_backend.FFI('_pypy_winbase_cffi',
     _version = 0x2601,
-    _types = 
b'\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x07\x01\x00\x00\x00\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x07\x01\x00\x00\x07\x01\x00\x00\x00\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x07\x01\x00\x00\x07\x01\x00\x00\x09\x01\x00\x00\x00\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x19\x01\x00\x00\x07\x01\x00\x00\x00\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x00\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x50\x03\x00\x00\x13\x11\x00\x00\x53\x03\x00\x00\x15\x11\x00\x00\x07\x01\x00\x00\x0A\x01\x00\x00\x13\x11\x00\x00\x13\x11\x00\x00\x4F\x03\x00\x00\x4E\x03\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x15\x03\x00\x00\x1F\x11\x00\x00\x15\x11\x00\x00\x0A\x01\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x15\x11\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x15\x11\x00\x00\x08\x01\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x15\x11\x00\x00\x18\x03\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x15\x11\x00\x00\x15\x11\x00\x00\x15\x11\x00\x00\x1F\x11\x00\x00\x0A\x01\x00\x00\x07\x01\x00\x00\x0A\x01\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x0D\x0D\x00\x00\x07\x01\x00\x00\x00\x0F\x00\x00\x18\x0D\x00\x00\x15\x11\x00\x
 
00\x0A\x01\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x18\x0D\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x42\x0D\x00\x00\x06\x01\x00\x00\x00\x0F\x00\x00\x42\x0D\x00\x00\x00\x0F\x00\x00\x42\x0D\x00\x00\x10\x01\x00\x00\x00\x0F\x00\x00\x15\x0D\x00\x00\x0A\x01\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x15\x0D\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x00\x09\x00\x00\x01\x09\x00\x00\x02\x01\x00\x00\x52\x03\x00\x00\x04\x01\x00\x00\x00\x01',
-    _globals = 
(b'\x00\x00\x24\x23CloseHandle',0,b'\x00\x00\x1E\x23CreatePipe',0,b'\x00\x00\x12\x23CreateProcessA',0,b'\x00\x00\x2F\x23DuplicateHandle',0,b'\x00\x00\x4C\x23GetCurrentProcess',0,b'\x00\x00\x2B\x23GetExitCodeProcess',0,b'\x00\x00\x49\x23GetStdHandle',0,b'\x00\x00\x3F\x23GetVersion',0,b'\x00\x00\x27\x23TerminateProcess',0,b'\x00\x00\x3B\x23WaitForSingleObject',0,b'\x00\x00\x38\x23_get_osfhandle',0,b'\x00\x00\x10\x23_getch',0,b'\x00\x00\x10\x23_getche',0,b'\x00\x00\x44\x23_getwch',0,b'\x00\x00\x44\x23_getwche',0,b'\x00\x00\x10\x23_kbhit',0,b'\x00\x00\x07\x23_locking',0,b'\x00\x00\x0C\x23_open_osfhandle',0,b'\x00\x00\x00\x23_putch',0,b'\x00\x00\x46\x23_putwch',0,b'\x00\x00\x03\x23_setmode',0,b'\x00\x00\x00\x23_ungetch',0,b'\x00\x00\x41\x23_ungetwch',0),
-    _struct_unions = 
((b'\x00\x00\x00\x4E\x00\x00\x00\x02$PROCESS_INFORMATION',b'\x00\x00\x15\x11hProcess',b'\x00\x00\x15\x11hThread',b'\x00\x00\x18\x11dwProcessId',b'\x00\x00\x18\x11dwThreadId'),(b'\x00\x00\x00\x4F\x00\x00\x00\x02$STARTUPINFO',b'\x00\x00\x18\x11cb',b'\x00\x00\x13\x11lpReserved',b'\x00\x00\x13\x11lpDesktop',b'\x00\x00\x13\x11lpTitle',b'\x00\x00\x18\x11dwX',b'\x00\x00\x18\x11dwY',b'\x00\x00\x18\x11dwXSize',b'\x00\x00\x18\x11dwYSize',b'\x00\x00\x18\x11dwXCountChars',b'\x00\x00\x18\x11dwYCountChars',b'\x00\x00\x18\x11dwFillAttribute',b'\x00\x00\x18\x11dwFlags',b'\x00\x00\x42\x11wShowWindow',b'\x00\x00\x42\x11cbReserved2',b'\x00\x00\x51\x11lpReserved2',b'\x00\x00\x15\x11hStdInput',b'\x00\x00\x15\x11hStdOutput',b'\x00\x00\x15\x11hStdError')),
-    _typenames = 
(b'\x00\x00\x00\x1CLPPROCESS_INFORMATION',b'\x00\x00\x00\x1BLPSTARTUPINFO',b'\x00\x00\x00\x4EPROCESS_INFORMATION',b'\x00\x00\x00\x4FSTARTUPINFO',b'\x00\x00\x00\x42wint_t'),
+    _types = 
b'\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x07\x01\x00\x00\x00\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x07\x01\x00\x00\x07\x01\x00\x00\x00\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x07\x01\x00\x00\x07\x01\x00\x00\x09\x01\x00\x00\x00\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x19\x01\x00\x00\x07\x01\x00\x00\x00\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x00\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x15\x03\x00\x00\x13\x11\x00\x00\x59\x03\x00\x00\x0A\x01\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x15\x11\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x15\x11\x00\x00\x08\x01\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x15\x11\x00\x00\x16\x03\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x15\x11\x00\x00\x15\x11\x00\x00\x15\x11\x00\x00\x13\x11\x00\x00\x0A\x01\x00\x00\x07\x01\x00\x00\x0A\x01\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x01\x0D\x00\x00\x4C\x03\x00\x00\x2D\x11\x00\x00\x15\x11\x00\x00\x15\x11\x00\x00\x07\x01\x00\x00\x0A\x01\x00\x00\x2D\x11\x00\x00\x2D\x11\x00\x00\x54\x03\x00\x00\x53\x03\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x0D\x0D\x00\x00\x07\x01\x00\x00\x00\x0F\x00\x00\x16\x0D\x00\x00\x15\x11\x00\x
 
00\x0A\x01\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x16\x0D\x00\x00\x15\x11\x00\x00\x2D\x11\x00\x00\x0A\x01\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x16\x0D\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x47\x0D\x00\x00\x06\x01\x00\x00\x00\x0F\x00\x00\x47\x0D\x00\x00\x00\x0F\x00\x00\x47\x0D\x00\x00\x10\x01\x00\x00\x00\x0F\x00\x00\x15\x0D\x00\x00\x0A\x01\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x15\x0D\x00\x00\x02\x0F\x00\x00\x00\x09\x00\x00\x01\x09\x00\x00\x56\x03\x00\x00\x02\x01\x00\x00\x58\x03\x00\x00\x04\x01\x00\x00\x00\x01',
+    _globals = 
(b'\x00\x00\x18\x23CloseHandle',0,b'\x00\x00\x12\x23CreatePipe',0,b'\x00\x00\x2C\x23CreateProcessW',0,b'\x00\x00\x23\x23DuplicateHandle',0,b'\x00\x00\x51\x23GetCurrentProcess',0,b'\x00\x00\x1F\x23GetExitCodeProcess',0,b'\x00\x00\x3F\x23GetModuleFileNameW',0,b'\x00\x00\x4E\x23GetStdHandle',0,b'\x00\x00\x44\x23GetVersion',0,b'\x00\x00\x1B\x23TerminateProcess',0,b'\x00\x00\x3B\x23WaitForSingleObject',0,b'\x00\x00\x38\x23_get_osfhandle',0,b'\x00\x00\x10\x23_getch',0,b'\x00\x00\x10\x23_getche',0,b'\x00\x00\x49\x23_getwch',0,b'\x00\x00\x49\x23_getwche',0,b'\x00\x00\x10\x23_kbhit',0,b'\x00\x00\x07\x23_locking',0,b'\x00\x00\x0C\x23_open_osfhandle',0,b'\x00\x00\x00\x23_putch',0,b'\x00\x00\x4B\x23_putwch',0,b'\x00\x00\x03\x23_setmode',0,b'\x00\x00\x00\x23_ungetch',0,b'\x00\x00\x46\x23_ungetwch',0),
+    _struct_unions = 
((b'\x00\x00\x00\x53\x00\x00\x00\x02$PROCESS_INFORMATION',b'\x00\x00\x15\x11hProcess',b'\x00\x00\x15\x11hThread',b'\x00\x00\x16\x11dwProcessId',b'\x00\x00\x16\x11dwThreadId'),(b'\x00\x00\x00\x54\x00\x00\x00\x02$STARTUPINFO',b'\x00\x00\x16\x11cb',b'\x00\x00\x55\x11lpReserved',b'\x00\x00\x55\x11lpDesktop',b'\x00\x00\x55\x11lpTitle',b'\x00\x00\x16\x11dwX',b'\x00\x00\x16\x11dwY',b'\x00\x00\x16\x11dwXSize',b'\x00\x00\x16\x11dwYSize',b'\x00\x00\x16\x11dwXCountChars',b'\x00\x00\x16\x11dwYCountChars',b'\x00\x00\x16\x11dwFillAttribute',b'\x00\x00\x16\x11dwFlags',b'\x00\x00\x47\x11wShowWindow',b'\x00\x00\x47\x11cbReserved2',b'\x00\x00\x57\x11lpReserved2',b'\x00\x00\x15\x11hStdInput',b'\x00\x00\x15\x11hStdOutput',b'\x00\x00\x15\x11hStdError')),
+    _typenames = 
(b'\x00\x00\x00\x36LPPROCESS_INFORMATION',b'\x00\x00\x00\x35LPSTARTUPINFO',b'\x00\x00\x00\x53PROCESS_INFORMATION',b'\x00\x00\x00\x54STARTUPINFO',b'\x00\x00\x00\x47wint_t'),
 )
diff --git a/lib_pypy/_winapi.py b/lib_pypy/_winapi.py
--- a/lib_pypy/_winapi.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/_winapi.py
@@ -22,35 +22,13 @@
     code, message = _ffi.getwinerror()
     raise WindowsError(code, message)
 
-_INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = _ffi.cast("HANDLE", -1)
+def _int2handle(val):
+    return _ffi.cast("HANDLE", val)
 
-class _handle(object):
-    def __init__(self, c_handle):
-        # 'c_handle' is a cffi cdata of type HANDLE, which is basically 'void 
*'
-        self.c_handle = c_handle
-        if int(self) != -1:
-            self.c_handle = _ffi.gc(self.c_handle, _kernel32.CloseHandle)
+def _handle2int(handle):
+    return int(_ffi.cast("intptr_t", handle))
 
-    def __int__(self):
-        return int(_ffi.cast("intptr_t", self.c_handle))
-
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return '<_subprocess.handle %d at 0x%x>' % (int(self), id(self))
-
-    def Detach(self):
-        h = int(self)
-        if h != -1:
-            c_handle = self.c_handle
-            self.c_handle = _INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
-            _ffi.gc(c_handle, None)
-        return h
-
-    def Close(self):
-        if int(self) != -1:
-            c_handle = self.c_handle
-            self.c_handle = _INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
-            _ffi.gc(c_handle, None)
-            _kernel32.CloseHandle(c_handle)
+_INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = _int2handle(-1)
 
 def CreatePipe(attributes, size):
     handles = _ffi.new("HANDLE[2]")
@@ -60,32 +38,32 @@
     if not res:
         raise _WinError()
 
-    return _handle(handles[0]), _handle(handles[1])
+    return _handle2int(handles[0]), _handle2int(handles[1])
 
 def GetCurrentProcess():
-    return _handle(_kernel32.GetCurrentProcess())
+    return _handle2int(_kernel32.GetCurrentProcess())
 
 def DuplicateHandle(source_process, source, target_process, access, inherit, 
options=0):
     # CPython: the first three arguments are expected to be integers
     target = _ffi.new("HANDLE[1]")
 
     res = _kernel32.DuplicateHandle(
-        _ffi.cast("HANDLE", source_process),
-        _ffi.cast("HANDLE", source),
-        _ffi.cast("HANDLE", target_process),
+        _int2handle(source_process),
+        _int2handle(source),
+        _int2handle(target_process),
         target, access, inherit, options)
 
     if not res:
         raise _WinError()
 
-    return _handle(target[0])
+    return _handle2int(target[0])
 
-def _z(input):
+def _Z(input):
     if input is None:
         return _ffi.NULL
-    if isinstance(input, basestring):
-        return str(input)
-    raise TypeError("string/unicode/None expected, got %r" % (
+    if isinstance(input, str):
+        return input
+    raise TypeError("str or None expected, got %r" % (
         type(input).__name__,))
 
 def CreateProcess(name, command_line, process_attr, thread_attr,
@@ -94,13 +72,14 @@
     if startup_info is not None:
         si.dwFlags = startup_info.dwFlags
         si.wShowWindow = startup_info.wShowWindow
-        # CPython: these three handles are expected to be _handle objects
+        # CPython: these three handles are expected to be
+        # subprocess.Handle (int) objects
         if startup_info.hStdInput:
-            si.hStdInput = startup_info.hStdInput.c_handle
+            si.hStdInput = _int2handle(startup_info.hStdInput)
         if startup_info.hStdOutput:
-            si.hStdOutput = startup_info.hStdOutput.c_handle
+            si.hStdOutput = _int2handle(startup_info.hStdOutput)
         if startup_info.hStdError:
-            si.hStdError = startup_info.hStdError.c_handle
+            si.hStdError = _int2handle(startup_info.hStdError)
 
     pi = _ffi.new("PROCESS_INFORMATION *")
     flags |= CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT
@@ -113,19 +92,21 @@
     else:
         envbuf = _ffi.NULL
 
-    res = _kernel32.CreateProcessA(_z(name), _z(command_line), _ffi.NULL,
+    res = _kernel32.CreateProcessW(_Z(name), _Z(command_line), _ffi.NULL,
                                    _ffi.NULL, inherit, flags, envbuf,
-                                   _z(start_dir), si, pi)
+                                   _Z(start_dir), si, pi)
 
     if not res:
         raise _WinError()
 
-    return _handle(pi.hProcess), _handle(pi.hThread), pi.dwProcessId, 
pi.dwThreadId
+    return (_handle2int(pi.hProcess),
+            _handle2int(pi.hThread),
+            pi.dwProcessId,
+            pi.dwThreadId)
 
 def WaitForSingleObject(handle, milliseconds):
     # CPython: the first argument is expected to be an integer.
-    res = _kernel32.WaitForSingleObject(_ffi.cast("HANDLE", handle),
-                                        milliseconds)
+    res = _kernel32.WaitForSingleObject(_int2handle(handle), milliseconds)
     if res < 0:
         raise _WinError()
 
@@ -135,7 +116,7 @@
     # CPython: the first argument is expected to be an integer.
     code = _ffi.new("DWORD[1]")
 
-    res = _kernel32.GetExitCodeProcess(_ffi.cast("HANDLE", handle), code)
+    res = _kernel32.GetExitCodeProcess(_int2handle(handle), code)
 
     if not res:
         raise _WinError()
@@ -145,7 +126,7 @@
 def TerminateProcess(handle, exitcode):
     # CPython: the first argument is expected to be an integer.
     # The second argument is silently wrapped in a UINT.
-    res = _kernel32.TerminateProcess(_ffi.cast("HANDLE", handle),
+    res = _kernel32.TerminateProcess(_int2handle(handle),
                                      _ffi.cast("UINT", exitcode))
 
     if not res:
@@ -158,19 +139,17 @@
     if not res:
         return None
     else:
-        # note: returns integer, not handle object
-        return int(_ffi.cast("intptr_t", res))
+        return _handle2int(res)
 
 def CloseHandle(handle):
-    res = _kernel32.CloseHandle(_ffi.cast("HANDLE", handle))
+    res = _kernel32.CloseHandle(_int2handle(handle))
 
     if not res:
         raise _WinError()
 
 def GetModuleFileName(module):
     buf = _ffi.new("wchar_t[]", _MAX_PATH)
-    res = _kernel32.GetModuleFileNameW(_ffi.cast("HANDLE", module),
-                                       buf, _MAX_PATH)
+    res = _kernel32.GetModuleFileNameW(_int2handle(module), buf, _MAX_PATH)
 
     if not res:
         raise _WinError()
diff --git a/lib_pypy/stackless.py b/lib_pypy/stackless.py
--- a/lib_pypy/stackless.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/stackless.py
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@
     _main_tasklet = coroutine.getcurrent()
     _main_tasklet.__class__ = tasklet         # XXX HAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACK
     _last_task = _main_tasklet
-    tasklet._init.__func__(_main_tasklet, label='main')
+    tasklet._init(_main_tasklet, label='main')
     _squeue = deque()
     _scheduler_append(_main_tasklet)
 
diff --git a/pypy/doc/embedding.rst b/pypy/doc/embedding.rst
--- a/pypy/doc/embedding.rst
+++ b/pypy/doc/embedding.rst
@@ -34,9 +34,11 @@
    This function searches the PyPy standard library starting from the given
    "PyPy home directory".  The arguments are:
 
-   * ``home``: NULL terminated path to an executable inside the pypy directory
+   * ``home``: path to an executable inside the pypy directory
      (can be a .so name, can be made up).  Used to look up the standard
-     library, and is also set as ``sys.executable``.
+     library, and is also set as ``sys.executable``.  From PyPy 5.5, you can
+     just say NULL here, as long as the ``libpypy-c.so/dylib/dll`` is itself
+     inside this directory.
 
    * ``verbose``: if non-zero, it will print error messages to stderr
 
@@ -82,18 +84,14 @@
 
 Note that this API is a lot more minimal than say CPython C API, so at first
 it's obvious to think that you can't do much. However, the trick is to do
-all the logic in Python and expose it via `cffi`_ callbacks. Let's assume
-we're on linux and pypy is installed in ``/opt/pypy`` (with
-subdirectories like ``lib-python`` and ``lib_pypy``), and with the
-library in ``/opt/pypy/bin/libpypy-c.so``.  (It doesn't need to be
-installed; you can also replace these paths with a local extract of the
-installation tarballs, or with your local checkout of pypy.) We write a
-little C program:
+all the logic in Python and expose it via `cffi`_ callbacks.
+We write a little C program:
 
 .. code-block:: c
 
     #include "PyPy.h"
     #include <stdio.h>
+    #include <stdlib.h>
 
     static char source[] = "print 'hello from pypy'";
 
@@ -102,9 +100,9 @@
         int res;
 
         rpython_startup_code();
-        /* note: in the path /opt/pypy/x, the final x is ignored and
-           replaced with lib-python and lib_pypy. */
-        res = pypy_setup_home("/opt/pypy/x", 1);
+        /* Before PyPy 5.5, you may need to say e.g. "/opt/pypy/bin" instead
+         * of NULL. */
+        res = pypy_setup_home(NULL, 1);
         if (res) {
             printf("Error setting pypy home!\n");
             return 1;
@@ -123,11 +121,6 @@
     $ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/pypy/bin ./x
     hello from pypy
 
-.. note:: If the compilation fails because of missing PyPy.h header file,
-          you are running PyPy <= 2.2.1.  Get it here__.
-
-.. __: 
https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/raw/c4cd6eca9358066571500ac82aaacfdaa3889e8c/include/PyPy.h
-
 On OSX it is necessary to set the rpath of the binary if one wants to link to 
it,
 with a command like::
 
@@ -181,6 +174,7 @@
     /* C example */
     #include "PyPy.h"
     #include <stdio.h>
+    #include <stdlib.h>
 
     struct API {
         double (*add_numbers)(double x, double y);
@@ -196,7 +190,7 @@
         int res;
 
         rpython_startup_code();
-        res = pypy_setup_home("/opt/pypy/x", 1);
+        res = pypy_setup_home(NULL, 1);
         if (res) {
             fprintf(stderr, "Error setting pypy home!\n");
             return -1;
@@ -237,6 +231,8 @@
 Finding pypy_home
 -----------------
 
+**You can usually skip this section if you are running PyPy >= 5.5.**
+
 The function pypy_setup_home() takes as first parameter the path to a
 file from which it can deduce the location of the standard library.
 More precisely, it tries to remove final components until it finds
diff --git a/pypy/doc/whatsnew-head.rst b/pypy/doc/whatsnew-head.rst
--- a/pypy/doc/whatsnew-head.rst
+++ b/pypy/doc/whatsnew-head.rst
@@ -27,3 +27,28 @@
 JIT residual calls: if the called function starts with a fast-path
 like "if x.foo != 0: return x.foo", then inline the check before
 doing the CALL.  For now, string hashing is about the only case.
+
+.. branch: search-path-from-libpypy
+
+The compiled pypy now looks for its lib-python/lib_pypy path starting
+from the location of the *libpypy-c* instead of the executable. This is
+arguably more consistent, and also it is what occurs anyway if you're
+embedding pypy.  Linux distribution packagers, take note!  At a minimum,
+the ``libpypy-c.so`` must really be inside the path containing
+``lib-python`` and ``lib_pypy``.  Of course, you can put a symlink to it
+from somewhere else.  You no longer have to do the same with the
+``pypy`` executable, as long as it finds its ``libpypy-c.so`` library.
+
+.. branch: _warning
+
+CPython allows warning.warn(('something', 1), Warning), on PyPy this
+produced a "expected a readable buffer object" error. Test and fix.
+
+.. branch: stricter-strip
+
+CPython rejects 'a'.strip(buffer(' ')); only None, str or unicode are
+allowed as arguments. Test and fix for str and unicode
+
+.. branch: test-cpyext
+
+Refactor cpyext testing to be more pypy3-friendly.
diff --git a/pypy/goal/targetpypystandalone.py 
b/pypy/goal/targetpypystandalone.py
--- a/pypy/goal/targetpypystandalone.py
+++ b/pypy/goal/targetpypystandalone.py
@@ -96,17 +96,18 @@
     def pypy_setup_home(ll_home, verbose):
         from pypy.module.sys.initpath import pypy_find_stdlib
         verbose = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, verbose)
-        if ll_home:
+        if ll_home and ord(ll_home[0]):
             home1 = rffi.charp2str(ll_home)
             home = os.path.join(home1, 'x') # <- so that 'll_home' can be
                                             # directly the root directory
         else:
-            home = home1 = pypydir
+            home1 = "pypy's shared library location"
+            home = '*'
         w_path = pypy_find_stdlib(space, home)
         if space.is_none(w_path):
             if verbose:
                 debug("pypy_setup_home: directories 'lib-python' and 
'lib_pypy'"
-                      " not found in '%s' or in any parent directory" % home1)
+                      " not found in %s or in any parent directory" % home1)
             return rffi.cast(rffi.INT, 1)
         space.startup()
         space.appexec([w_path], """(path):
@@ -306,37 +307,20 @@
         # HACKHACKHACK
         # ugly hack to modify target goal from compile_* to build_cffi_imports
         # this should probably get cleaned up and merged with driver.create_exe
+        from rpython.tool.runsubprocess import run_subprocess
         from rpython.translator.driver import taskdef
         import types
 
-        class Options(object):
-            pass
-
-
-        def mkexename(name):
-            if sys.platform == 'win32':
-                name = name.new(ext='exe')
-            return name
-
         compile_goal, = driver.backend_select_goals(['compile'])
         @taskdef([compile_goal], "Create cffi bindings for modules")
         def task_build_cffi_imports(self):
-            from pypy.tool.build_cffi_imports import 
create_cffi_import_libraries
             ''' Use cffi to compile cffi interfaces to modules'''
-            exename = mkexename(driver.compute_exe_name())
-            basedir = exename
-            while not basedir.join('include').exists():
-                _basedir = basedir.dirpath()
-                if _basedir == basedir:
-                    raise ValueError('interpreter %s not inside pypy repo',
-                                     str(exename))
-                basedir = _basedir
-            modules = self.config.objspace.usemodules.getpaths()
-            options = Options()
-            # XXX possibly adapt options using modules
-            failures = create_cffi_import_libraries(exename, options, basedir)
-            # if failures, they were already printed
-            print  >> sys.stderr, str(exename),'successfully built (errors, if 
any, while building the above modules are ignored)'
+            filename = os.path.join(pypydir, 'tool', 'build_cffi_imports.py')
+            status, out, err = run_subprocess(str(driver.compute_exe_name()),
+                                              [filename])
+            sys.stdout.write(out)
+            sys.stderr.write(err)
+            # otherwise, ignore errors
         driver.task_build_cffi_imports = 
types.MethodType(task_build_cffi_imports, driver)
         driver.tasks['build_cffi_imports'] = driver.task_build_cffi_imports, 
[compile_goal]
         driver.default_goal = 'build_cffi_imports'
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/baseobjspace.py b/pypy/interpreter/baseobjspace.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/baseobjspace.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/baseobjspace.py
@@ -379,12 +379,12 @@
 class BufferInterfaceNotFound(Exception):
     pass
 
+@specialize.memo()
 def wrappable_class_name(Class):
     try:
         return Class.typedef.name
     except AttributeError:
         return 'internal subclass of %s' % (Class.__name__,)
-wrappable_class_name._annspecialcase_ = 'specialize:memo'
 
 class CannotHaveLock(Exception):
     """Raised by space.allocate_lock() if we're translating."""
@@ -558,16 +558,6 @@
         'parser', 'fcntl', '_codecs', 'binascii'
     ]
 
-    # These modules are treated like CPython treats built-in modules,
-    # i.e. they always shadow any xx.py.  The other modules are treated
-    # like CPython treats extension modules, and are loaded in sys.path
-    # order by the fake entry '.../lib_pypy/__extensions__'.
-    MODULES_THAT_ALWAYS_SHADOW = dict.fromkeys([
-        '__builtin__', '__pypy__', '_ast', '_codecs', '_sre', '_warnings',
-        '_weakref', 'errno', '__exceptions__', 'gc', 'imp', 'marshal',
-        'posix', 'nt', 'pwd', 'signal', 'sys', 'thread', 'zipimport',
-    ], None)
-
     def make_builtins(self):
         "NOT_RPYTHON: only for initializing the space."
 
@@ -846,12 +836,13 @@
         u = s.decode('utf-8')
         return self.interned_strings.get(u) is not None
 
+    @specialize.arg(1)
     def descr_self_interp_w(self, RequiredClass, w_obj):
         if not isinstance(w_obj, RequiredClass):
             raise DescrMismatch()
         return w_obj
-    descr_self_interp_w._annspecialcase_ = 'specialize:arg(1)'
 
+    @specialize.arg(1)
     def interp_w(self, RequiredClass, w_obj, can_be_None=False):
         """
         Unwrap w_obj, checking that it is an instance of the required internal
@@ -866,7 +857,6 @@
                         wrappable_class_name(RequiredClass),
                         w_obj.getclass(self))
         return w_obj
-    interp_w._annspecialcase_ = 'specialize:arg(1)'
 
     def unpackiterable(self, w_iterable, expected_length=-1):
         """Unpack an iterable into a real (interpreter-level) list.
@@ -1280,6 +1270,7 @@
             self.setitem(w_globals, w_key, self.wrap(self.builtin))
         return statement.exec_code(self, w_globals, w_locals)
 
+    @specialize.arg(2)
     def appexec(self, posargs_w, source):
         """ return value from executing given source at applevel.
             EXPERIMENTAL. The source must look like
@@ -1291,7 +1282,6 @@
         w_func = self.fromcache(AppExecCache).getorbuild(source)
         args = Arguments(self, list(posargs_w))
         return self.call_args(w_func, args)
-    appexec._annspecialcase_ = 'specialize:arg(2)'
 
     def _next_or_none(self, w_it):
         try:
@@ -1301,6 +1291,7 @@
                 raise
             return None
 
+    @specialize.arg(3)
     def compare_by_iteration(self, w_iterable1, w_iterable2, op):
         w_it1 = self.iter(w_iterable1)
         w_it2 = self.iter(w_iterable2)
@@ -1323,7 +1314,6 @@
                 if op == 'gt': return self.gt(w_x1, w_x2)
                 if op == 'ge': return self.ge(w_x1, w_x2)
                 assert False, "bad value for op"
-    compare_by_iteration._annspecialcase_ = 'specialize:arg(3)'
 
     def decode_index(self, w_index_or_slice, seqlength):
         """Helper for custom sequence implementations
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/error.py b/pypy/interpreter/error.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/error.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/error.py
@@ -582,3 +582,16 @@
     if module:
         space.setattr(w_exc, space.wrap("__module__"), space.wrap(module))
     return w_exc
+
+def new_import_error(space, w_msg, w_name, w_path):
+    """Create a new instance of ImportError.
+
+    The result corresponds to ImportError(msg, name=name, path=path)
+    """
+    return space.appexec(
+        [w_msg, w_name, w_path], """(msg, name, path):
+            return ImportError(msg, name=name, path=path)""")
+
+def raise_import_error(space, w_msg, w_name, w_path):
+    w_exc = new_import_error(space, w_msg, w_name, w_path)
+    raise OperationError(space.w_ImportError, w_exc)
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/executioncontext.py 
b/pypy/interpreter/executioncontext.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/executioncontext.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/executioncontext.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import sys
 from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError, get_cleared_operation_error
 from rpython.rlib.unroll import unrolling_iterable
-from rpython.rlib import jit, rgc
+from rpython.rlib import jit, rgc, objectmodel
 
 TICK_COUNTER_STEP = 100
 
@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@
         if self.gettrace() is not None:
             self._trace(frame, 'return', w_retval)
 
+    @objectmodel.always_inline
     def bytecode_trace(self, frame, decr_by=TICK_COUNTER_STEP):
         "Trace function called before each bytecode."
         # this is split into a fast path and a slower path that is
@@ -138,7 +139,6 @@
         actionflag = self.space.actionflag
         if actionflag.decrement_ticker(decr_by) < 0:
             actionflag.action_dispatcher(self, frame)     # slow path
-    bytecode_trace._always_inline_ = True
 
     def _run_finalizers_now(self):
         # Tests only: run the actions now, to ensure that the
@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@
         # pypy.tool.pytest.apptest.
         self.space.actionflag.action_dispatcher(self, None)
 
+    @objectmodel.always_inline
     def bytecode_only_trace(self, frame):
         """
         Like bytecode_trace() but doesn't invoke any other events besides the
@@ -155,7 +156,6 @@
             self.gettrace() is None):
             return
         self.run_trace_func(frame)
-    bytecode_only_trace._always_inline_ = True
 
     @jit.unroll_safe
     def run_trace_func(self, frame):
@@ -202,13 +202,13 @@
 
         d.instr_prev_plus_one = frame.last_instr + 1
 
+    @objectmodel.try_inline
     def bytecode_trace_after_exception(self, frame):
         "Like bytecode_trace(), but without increasing the ticker."
         actionflag = self.space.actionflag
         self.bytecode_only_trace(frame)
         if actionflag.get_ticker() < 0:
             actionflag.action_dispatcher(self, frame)     # slow path
-    bytecode_trace_after_exception._always_inline_ = 'try'
     # NB. this function is not inlined right now.  backendopt.inline would
     # need some improvements to handle this case, but it's not really an
     # issue
@@ -452,6 +452,7 @@
         periodic_actions = unrolling_iterable(self._periodic_actions)
 
         @jit.unroll_safe
+        @objectmodel.dont_inline
         def action_dispatcher(ec, frame):
             # periodic actions (first reset the bytecode counter)
             self.reset_ticker(self.checkinterval_scaled)
@@ -473,7 +474,6 @@
                     action._fired = False
                     action.perform(ec, frame)
 
-        action_dispatcher._dont_inline_ = True
         self.action_dispatcher = action_dispatcher
 
 
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/pycode.py b/pypy/interpreter/pycode.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/pycode.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/pycode.py
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@
         self.co_varnames = varnames
         self.co_freevars = freevars
         self.co_cellvars = cellvars
+        assert isinstance(filename, str)
         rstring.check_str0(filename)
         self.co_filename = filename
         self.co_name = name
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/pyopcode.py b/pypy/interpreter/pyopcode.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/pyopcode.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/pyopcode.py
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 
 from rpython.rlib import jit, rstackovf, rstring
 from rpython.rlib.debug import check_nonneg
-from rpython.rlib.objectmodel import we_are_translated
+from rpython.rlib.objectmodel import (we_are_translated, always_inline,
+        dont_inline)
 from rpython.rlib.rarithmetic import r_uint, intmask
 from rpython.tool.sourcetools import func_with_new_name
 
@@ -453,20 +454,20 @@
         # of oparg failed to produce an integer which is annotated as non-neg
         check_nonneg(oparg)
 
+    @always_inline
     def LOAD_FAST(self, varindex, next_instr):
         # access a local variable directly
         w_value = self.locals_cells_stack_w[varindex]
         if w_value is None:
             self._load_fast_failed(varindex)
         self.pushvalue(w_value)
-    LOAD_FAST._always_inline_ = True
 
+    @dont_inline
     def _load_fast_failed(self, varindex):
         varname = self.getlocalvarname(varindex)
         raise oefmt(self.space.w_UnboundLocalError,
                     "local variable '%s' referenced before assignment",
                     varname)
-    _load_fast_failed._dont_inline_ = True
 
     def LOAD_CONST(self, constindex, next_instr):
         w_const = self.getconstant_w(constindex)
@@ -847,26 +848,26 @@
                         "name %R is not defined", w_varname)
         self.pushvalue(w_value)
 
+    @always_inline
     def _load_global(self, varname):
         w_value = self.space.finditem_str(self.get_w_globals(), varname)
         if w_value is None:
             # not in the globals, now look in the built-ins
             w_value = self.get_builtin().getdictvalue(self.space, varname)
         return w_value
-    _load_global._always_inline_ = True
 
+    @dont_inline
     def _load_global_failed(self, w_varname):
         raise oefmt(self.space.w_NameError,
                     "global name %R is not defined", w_varname)
-    _load_global_failed._dont_inline_ = True
 
+    @always_inline
     def LOAD_GLOBAL(self, nameindex, next_instr):
         w_varname = self.getname_w(nameindex)
         w_value = self._load_global(self.space.identifier_w(w_varname))
         if w_value is None:
             self._load_global_failed(w_varname)
         self.pushvalue(w_value)
-    LOAD_GLOBAL._always_inline_ = True
 
     def DELETE_FAST(self, varindex, next_instr):
         if self.locals_cells_stack_w[varindex] is None:
@@ -900,6 +901,7 @@
         self.pushvalue(space.newlist([], sizehint=length_hint))
         self.pushvalue(last_val)
 
+    @always_inline
     def LOAD_ATTR(self, nameindex, next_instr):
         "obj.attributename"
         w_obj = self.popvalue()
@@ -910,7 +912,6 @@
             w_attributename = self.getname_w(nameindex)
             w_value = self.space.getattr(w_obj, w_attributename)
         self.pushvalue(w_value)
-    LOAD_ATTR._always_inline_ = True
 
     @jit.unroll_safe
     def cmp_exc_match(self, w_1, w_2):
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/test/test_app_main.py 
b/pypy/interpreter/test/test_app_main.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/test/test_app_main.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/test/test_app_main.py
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@
 def get_python3():
     if PYTHON3:
         return PYTHON3
-    import py.test
-    py.test.fail("Test requires %r (not found in PATH) or a PYTHON3 "
+    py.test.skip("Test requires %r (not found in PATH) or a PYTHON3 "
                  "environment variable set" % (LOOK_FOR_PYTHON3,))
 
 _counter = 0
@@ -51,7 +50,8 @@
     # return relative path for testing purposes
     return py.path.local().bestrelpath(pdir)
 
-def pytest_funcarg__demo_script(request):
+@py.test.fixture
+def demo_script():
     return getscript("""
         print('hello')
         print('Name:', __name__)
@@ -64,7 +64,8 @@
         myvalue = 6*7
     """)
 
-def pytest_funcarg__crashing_demo_script(request):
+@py.test.fixture
+def crashing_demo_script():
     return getscript("""
         print('Hello2')
         myvalue2 = 11
@@ -1089,23 +1090,32 @@
         old_sys_path = sys.path[:]
         old_cwd = os.getcwd()
 
-        sys.path.append(self.goal_dir)
         # make sure cwd does not contain a stdlib
         if self.tmp_dir.startswith(self.trunkdir):
             skip('TMPDIR is inside the PyPy source')
-        os.chdir(self.tmp_dir)
+        sys.path.append(self.goal_dir)
         tmp_pypy_c = os.path.join(self.tmp_dir, 'pypy-c')
         try:
+            os.chdir(self.tmp_dir)
+
+            # If we are running PyPy with a libpypy-c, the following
+            # lines find the stdlib anyway.  Otherwise, it is not found.
+            expected_found = (
+                getattr(sys, 'pypy_translation_info', {})
+                .get('translation.shared'))
+
             import app_main
-            app_main.setup_bootstrap_path(tmp_pypy_c)  # stdlib not found
+            app_main.setup_bootstrap_path(tmp_pypy_c)
             assert sys.executable == ''
-            assert sys.path == old_sys_path + [self.goal_dir]
+            if not expected_found:
+                assert sys.path == old_sys_path + [self.goal_dir]
 
             app_main.setup_bootstrap_path(self.fake_exe)
             if not sys.platform == 'win32':
                 # an existing file is always 'executable' on windows
                 assert sys.executable == ''      # not executable!
-                assert sys.path == old_sys_path + [self.goal_dir]
+                if not expected_found:
+                    assert sys.path == old_sys_path + [self.goal_dir]
 
             os.chmod(self.fake_exe, 0o755)
             app_main.setup_bootstrap_path(self.fake_exe)
@@ -1116,7 +1126,8 @@
             if newpath[0].endswith('__extensions__'):
                 newpath = newpath[1:]
             # we get at least 'expected_path', and maybe more (e.g.plat-linux2)
-            assert newpath[:len(self.expected_path)] == self.expected_path
+            if not expected_found:
+                assert newpath[:len(self.expected_path)] == self.expected_path
         finally:
             sys.path[:] = old_sys_path
             os.chdir(old_cwd)
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/test/test_error.py 
b/pypy/interpreter/test/test_error.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/test/test_error.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/test/test_error.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import py, os, errno
 from pypy.interpreter.error import (
     OperationError, decompose_valuefmt, get_operrcls2, new_exception_class,
-    oefmt, wrap_oserror)
+    oefmt, wrap_oserror, new_import_error)
 
 
 def test_decompose_valuefmt():
@@ -154,3 +154,8 @@
     assert operr.match(space, space.w_ValueError)
     assert operr.match(space, space.w_TypeError)
 
+def test_import_error(space):
+    w_exc = new_import_error(
+        space, space.wrap(u'msg'), space.wrap(u'name'), space.wrap(u'path'))
+    assert space.getattr(w_exc, space.wrap(u'name')).unwrap(space) == u'name'
+    assert space.getattr(w_exc, space.wrap(u'path')).unwrap(space) == u'path'
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/typedef.py b/pypy/interpreter/typedef.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/typedef.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/typedef.py
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@
 # we need two subclasses of the app-level type, one to add mapdict, and then 
one
 # to add del to not slow down the GC.
 
+@specialize.memo()
 def get_unique_interplevel_subclass(space, cls):
     "NOT_RPYTHON: initialization-time only"
     assert cls.typedef.acceptable_as_base_class
@@ -119,7 +120,6 @@
         assert cls not in _unique_subclass_cache
         _unique_subclass_cache[cls] = subcls
         return subcls
-get_unique_interplevel_subclass._annspecialcase_ = "specialize:memo"
 _unique_subclass_cache = {}
 
 def _getusercls(cls, reallywantdict=False):
diff --git a/pypy/module/__pypy__/__init__.py b/pypy/module/__pypy__/__init__.py
--- a/pypy/module/__pypy__/__init__.py
+++ b/pypy/module/__pypy__/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 from pypy.interpreter.mixedmodule import MixedModule
 from pypy.module.imp.importing import get_pyc_magic
+from rpython.rlib import rtime
+
 
 class BuildersModule(MixedModule):
     appleveldefs = {}
@@ -14,16 +16,11 @@
 class TimeModule(MixedModule):
     appleveldefs = {}
     interpleveldefs = {}
-    if sys.platform.startswith("linux") or 'bsd' in sys.platform:
-        from pypy.module.__pypy__ import interp_time
+    if rtime.HAS_CLOCK_GETTIME:
         interpleveldefs["clock_gettime"] = "interp_time.clock_gettime"
         interpleveldefs["clock_getres"] = "interp_time.clock_getres"
-        for name in [
-            "CLOCK_REALTIME", "CLOCK_MONOTONIC", "CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW",
-            "CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID", "CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID"
-        ]:
-            if getattr(interp_time, name) is not None:
-                interpleveldefs[name] = "space.wrap(interp_time.%s)" % name
+        for name in rtime.ALL_DEFINED_CLOCKS:
+            interpleveldefs[name] = "space.wrap(%d)" % getattr(rtime, name)
 
 
 class ThreadModule(MixedModule):
diff --git a/pypy/module/__pypy__/interp_time.py 
b/pypy/module/__pypy__/interp_time.py
--- a/pypy/module/__pypy__/interp_time.py
+++ b/pypy/module/__pypy__/interp_time.py
@@ -4,71 +4,28 @@
 from pypy.interpreter.error import exception_from_saved_errno
 from pypy.interpreter.gateway import unwrap_spec
 from rpython.rtyper.lltypesystem import rffi, lltype
-from rpython.rtyper.tool import rffi_platform
-from rpython.translator.tool.cbuild import ExternalCompilationInfo
+from rpython.rlib import rtime
+from rpython.rlib.rtime import HAS_CLOCK_GETTIME
 
-if sys.platform == 'linux2':
-    libraries = ["rt"]
-else:
-    libraries = []
-
-
-class CConfig:
-    _compilation_info_ = ExternalCompilationInfo(
-        includes=["time.h"],
-        libraries=libraries,
-    )
-
-    HAS_CLOCK_GETTIME = rffi_platform.Has('clock_gettime')
-
-    CLOCK_REALTIME = rffi_platform.DefinedConstantInteger("CLOCK_REALTIME")
-    CLOCK_MONOTONIC = rffi_platform.DefinedConstantInteger("CLOCK_MONOTONIC")
-    CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW = 
rffi_platform.DefinedConstantInteger("CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW")
-    CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID = 
rffi_platform.DefinedConstantInteger("CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID")
-    CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID = 
rffi_platform.DefinedConstantInteger("CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID")
-
-cconfig = rffi_platform.configure(CConfig)
-
-HAS_CLOCK_GETTIME = cconfig["HAS_CLOCK_GETTIME"]
-
-CLOCK_REALTIME = cconfig["CLOCK_REALTIME"]
-CLOCK_MONOTONIC = cconfig["CLOCK_MONOTONIC"]
-CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW = cconfig["CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW"]
-CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID = cconfig["CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID"]
-CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID = cconfig["CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID"]
 
 if HAS_CLOCK_GETTIME:
-    #redo it for timespec
-    CConfig.TIMESPEC = rffi_platform.Struct("struct timespec", [
-        ("tv_sec", rffi.TIME_T),
-        ("tv_nsec", rffi.LONG),
-    ])
-    cconfig = rffi_platform.configure(CConfig)
-    TIMESPEC = cconfig['TIMESPEC']
-
-    c_clock_gettime = rffi.llexternal("clock_gettime",
-        [lltype.Signed, lltype.Ptr(TIMESPEC)], rffi.INT,
-        compilation_info=CConfig._compilation_info_, releasegil=False,
-        save_err=rffi.RFFI_SAVE_ERRNO
-    )
-    c_clock_getres = rffi.llexternal("clock_getres",
-        [lltype.Signed, lltype.Ptr(TIMESPEC)], rffi.INT,
-        compilation_info=CConfig._compilation_info_, releasegil=False,
-        save_err=rffi.RFFI_SAVE_ERRNO
-    )
 
     @unwrap_spec(clk_id="c_int")
     def clock_gettime(space, clk_id):
-        with lltype.scoped_alloc(TIMESPEC) as tp:
-            ret = c_clock_gettime(clk_id, tp)
+        with lltype.scoped_alloc(rtime.TIMESPEC) as tp:
+            ret = rtime.c_clock_gettime(clk_id, tp)
             if ret != 0:
                 raise exception_from_saved_errno(space, space.w_IOError)
-            return space.wrap(int(tp.c_tv_sec) + 1e-9 * int(tp.c_tv_nsec))
+            t = (float(rffi.getintfield(tp, 'c_tv_sec')) +
+                 float(rffi.getintfield(tp, 'c_tv_nsec')) * 0.000000001)
+        return space.wrap(t)
 
     @unwrap_spec(clk_id="c_int")
     def clock_getres(space, clk_id):
-        with lltype.scoped_alloc(TIMESPEC) as tp:
-            ret = c_clock_getres(clk_id, tp)
+        with lltype.scoped_alloc(rtime.TIMESPEC) as tp:
+            ret = rtime.c_clock_getres(clk_id, tp)
             if ret != 0:
                 raise exception_from_saved_errno(space, space.w_IOError)
-            return space.wrap(int(tp.c_tv_sec) + 1e-9 * int(tp.c_tv_nsec))
+            t = (float(rffi.getintfield(tp, 'c_tv_sec')) +
+                 float(rffi.getintfield(tp, 'c_tv_nsec')) * 0.000000001)
+        return space.wrap(t)
diff --git a/pypy/module/_cffi_backend/embedding.py 
b/pypy/module/_cffi_backend/embedding.py
--- a/pypy/module/_cffi_backend/embedding.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_cffi_backend/embedding.py
@@ -112,29 +112,7 @@
 #define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0501
 #include <windows.h>
 
-#define CFFI_INIT_HOME_PATH_MAX  _MAX_PATH
 static void _cffi_init(void);
-static void _cffi_init_error(const char *msg, const char *extra);
-
-static int _cffi_init_home(char *output_home_path)
-{
-    HMODULE hModule = 0;
-    DWORD res;
-
-    GetModuleHandleEx(GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_FROM_ADDRESS | 
-                       GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_UNCHANGED_REFCOUNT,
-                       (LPCTSTR)&_cffi_init, &hModule);
-
-    if (hModule == 0 ) {
-        _cffi_init_error("GetModuleHandleEx() failed", "");
-        return -1;
-    }
-    res = GetModuleFileName(hModule, output_home_path, 
CFFI_INIT_HOME_PATH_MAX);
-    if (res >= CFFI_INIT_HOME_PATH_MAX) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
 
 static void _cffi_init_once(void)
 {
@@ -155,28 +133,9 @@
 else:
 
     do_includes = r"""
-#include <dlfcn.h>
 #include <pthread.h>
 
-#define CFFI_INIT_HOME_PATH_MAX  PATH_MAX
 static void _cffi_init(void);
-static void _cffi_init_error(const char *msg, const char *extra);
-
-static int _cffi_init_home(char *output_home_path)
-{
-    Dl_info info;
-    dlerror();   /* reset */
-    if (dladdr(&_cffi_init, &info) == 0) {
-        _cffi_init_error("dladdr() failed: ", dlerror());
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (realpath(info.dli_fname, output_home_path) == NULL) {
-        perror("realpath() failed");
-        _cffi_init_error("realpath() failed", "");
-        return -1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
 
 static void _cffi_init_once(void)
 {
@@ -201,14 +160,10 @@
 
 static void _cffi_init(void)
 {
-    char home[CFFI_INIT_HOME_PATH_MAX + 1];
-
     rpython_startup_code();
     RPyGilAllocate();
 
-    if (_cffi_init_home(home) != 0)
-        return;
-    if (pypy_setup_home(home, 1) != 0) {
+    if (pypy_setup_home(NULL, 1) != 0) {
         _cffi_init_error("pypy_setup_home() failed", "");
         return;
     }
diff --git a/pypy/module/_collections/interp_deque.py 
b/pypy/module/_collections/interp_deque.py
--- a/pypy/module/_collections/interp_deque.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_collections/interp_deque.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 from pypy.interpreter.gateway import interp2app, unwrap_spec
 from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError, oefmt
 from rpython.rlib.debug import check_nonneg
+from rpython.rlib.objectmodel import specialize
 
 
 # A `dequeobject` is composed of a doubly-linked list of `block` nodes.
@@ -316,12 +317,12 @@
             w_currently_in_repr = ec._py_repr = space.newdict()
         return dequerepr(space, w_currently_in_repr, space.wrap(self))
 
+    @specialize.arg(2)
     def compare(self, w_other, op):
         space = self.space
         if not isinstance(w_other, W_Deque):
             return space.w_NotImplemented
         return space.compare_by_iteration(space.wrap(self), w_other, op)
-    compare._annspecialcase_ = 'specialize:arg(2)'
 
     def lt(self, w_other):
         return self.compare(w_other, 'lt')
diff --git a/pypy/module/_csv/interp_reader.py 
b/pypy/module/_csv/interp_reader.py
--- a/pypy/module/_csv/interp_reader.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_csv/interp_reader.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from rpython.rlib.rstring import UnicodeBuilder
+from rpython.rlib import objectmodel
 from pypy.interpreter.baseobjspace import W_Root
 from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError
 from pypy.interpreter.gateway import unwrap_spec
@@ -24,13 +25,13 @@
     def iter_w(self):
         return self.space.wrap(self)
 
+    @objectmodel.dont_inline
     def error(self, msg):
         space = self.space
         msg = u'line %d: %s' % (self.line_num, msg)
         w_module = space.getbuiltinmodule('_csv')
         w_error = space.getattr(w_module, space.wrap('Error'))
         raise OperationError(w_error, space.wrap(msg))
-    error._dont_inline_ = True
 
     def add_char(self, field_builder, c):
         assert field_builder is not None
diff --git a/pypy/module/_csv/interp_writer.py 
b/pypy/module/_csv/interp_writer.py
--- a/pypy/module/_csv/interp_writer.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_csv/interp_writer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from rpython.rlib.rstring import UnicodeBuilder
+from rpython.rlib import objectmodel
 from pypy.interpreter.baseobjspace import W_Root
 from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError
 from pypy.interpreter.typedef import TypeDef, interp2app
@@ -21,12 +22,12 @@
             special += dialect.quotechar
         self.special_characters = special
 
+    @objectmodel.dont_inline
     def error(self, msg):
         space = self.space
         w_module = space.getbuiltinmodule('_csv')
         w_error = space.getattr(w_module, space.wrap('Error'))
         raise OperationError(w_error, space.wrap(msg))
-    error._dont_inline_ = True
 
     def writerow(self, w_fields):
         """Construct and write a CSV record from a sequence of fields.
diff --git a/pypy/module/_lsprof/interp_lsprof.py 
b/pypy/module/_lsprof/interp_lsprof.py
--- a/pypy/module/_lsprof/interp_lsprof.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_lsprof/interp_lsprof.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 from pypy.interpreter.typedef import (TypeDef, GetSetProperty,
                                       interp_attrproperty)
 from rpython.rlib import jit
-from rpython.rlib.objectmodel import we_are_translated
+from rpython.rlib.objectmodel import we_are_translated, always_inline
 from rpython.rlib.rtimer import read_timestamp, _is_64_bit
 from rpython.rtyper.lltypesystem import rffi, lltype
 from rpython.translator.tool.cbuild import ExternalCompilationInfo
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@
         return w_frame.wrap_string(space)
     return w_frame    # actually a PyCode object
 
-
+@always_inline
 def prepare_spec(space, w_arg):
     if isinstance(w_arg, Method):
         return (w_arg.w_function, space.type(w_arg.w_instance))
@@ -266,8 +266,6 @@
         return (w_arg, None)
     else:
         return (None, space.type(w_arg))
-prepare_spec._always_inline_ = True
-
 
 def lsprof_call(space, w_self, frame, event, w_arg):
     assert isinstance(w_self, W_Profiler)
diff --git a/pypy/module/_pypyjson/interp_decoder.py 
b/pypy/module/_pypyjson/interp_decoder.py
--- a/pypy/module/_pypyjson/interp_decoder.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_pypyjson/interp_decoder.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import sys
 from rpython.rlib.rstring import StringBuilder
-from rpython.rlib.objectmodel import specialize
+from rpython.rlib.objectmodel import specialize, always_inline
 from rpython.rlib import rfloat, runicode
 from rpython.rtyper.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi
 from pypy.interpreter.error import oefmt
@@ -189,6 +189,7 @@
         self.pos = i
         return self.space.call_function(self.space.w_int, self.space.wrap(s))
 
+    @always_inline
     def parse_integer(self, i):
         "Parse a decimal number with an optional minus sign"
         sign = 1
@@ -219,7 +220,6 @@
         # overflowed
         ovf_maybe = (count >= OVF_DIGITS)
         return i, ovf_maybe, sign * intval
-    parse_integer._always_inline_ = True
 
     def decode_array(self, i):
         w_list = self.space.newlist([])
diff --git a/pypy/module/_pypyjson/targetjson.py 
b/pypy/module/_pypyjson/targetjson.py
--- a/pypy/module/_pypyjson/targetjson.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_pypyjson/targetjson.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 import time
 from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError
 from pypy.module._pypyjson.interp_decoder import loads
+from rpython.rlib.objectmodel import specialize, dont_inline
 
 
 ## MSG = open('msg.json').read()
@@ -68,11 +69,11 @@
         assert isinstance(w_x, W_String)
         return w_x.strval
 
+    @dont_inline
     def call_method(self, obj, name, arg):
         assert name == 'append'
         assert isinstance(obj, W_List)
         obj.listval.append(arg)
-    call_method._dont_inline_ = True
 
     def call_function(self, w_func, *args_w):
         return self.w_None # XXX
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@
     def wrapfloat(self, x):
         return W_Float(x)
 
+    @specialize.argtype(1)
     def wrap(self, x):
         if isinstance(x, int):
             return W_Int(x)
@@ -100,7 +102,6 @@
         ##     assert False
         else:
             return W_Unicode(unicode(x))
-    wrap._annspecialcase_ = "specialize:argtype(1)"
 
 
 fakespace = FakeSpace()
diff --git a/pypy/module/_rawffi/interp_rawffi.py 
b/pypy/module/_rawffi/interp_rawffi.py
--- a/pypy/module/_rawffi/interp_rawffi.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_rawffi/interp_rawffi.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 from rpython.rtyper.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi
 from rpython.rtyper.tool import rffi_platform
 from rpython.rlib.unroll import unrolling_iterable
+from rpython.rlib.objectmodel import specialize
 import rpython.rlib.rposix as rposix
 
 _MS_WINDOWS = os.name == "nt"
@@ -262,6 +263,7 @@
 
 _ARM = rffi_platform.getdefined('__arm__', '')
 
+@specialize.arg(2)
 def read_ptr(ptr, ofs, TP):
     T = lltype.Ptr(rffi.CArray(TP))
     for c in unroll_letters_for_floats:
@@ -281,8 +283,8 @@
                 return ptr_val
     else:
         return rffi.cast(T, ptr)[ofs]
-read_ptr._annspecialcase_ = 'specialize:arg(2)'
 
+@specialize.argtype(2)
 def write_ptr(ptr, ofs, value):
     TP = lltype.typeOf(value)
     T = lltype.Ptr(rffi.CArray(TP))
@@ -303,7 +305,6 @@
                 return
     else:
         rffi.cast(T, ptr)[ofs] = value
-write_ptr._annspecialcase_ = 'specialize:argtype(2)'
 
 def segfault_exception(space, reason):
     w_mod = space.getbuiltinmodule("_rawffi")
@@ -375,11 +376,12 @@
     def getrawsize(self):
         raise NotImplementedError("abstract base class")
 
+@specialize.arg(0)
 def unwrap_truncate_int(TP, space, w_arg):
     return rffi.cast(TP, space.bigint_w(w_arg).ulonglongmask())
-unwrap_truncate_int._annspecialcase_ = 'specialize:arg(0)'
 
 
+@specialize.arg(1)
 def unwrap_value(space, push_func, add_arg, argdesc, letter, w_arg):
     if letter in TYPEMAP_PTR_LETTERS:
         # check for NULL ptr
@@ -423,10 +425,10 @@
                 return
         else:
             raise oefmt(space.w_TypeError, "cannot directly write value")
-unwrap_value._annspecialcase_ = 'specialize:arg(1)'
 
 ll_typemap_iter = unrolling_iterable(LL_TYPEMAP.items())
 
+@specialize.arg(1)
 def wrap_value(space, func, add_arg, argdesc, letter):
     for c, ll_type in ll_typemap_iter:
         if letter == c:
@@ -440,7 +442,6 @@
             else:
                 return space.wrap(func(add_arg, argdesc, ll_type))
     raise oefmt(space.w_TypeError, "cannot directly read value")
-wrap_value._annspecialcase_ = 'specialize:arg(1)'
 
 NARROW_INTEGER_TYPES = 'cbhiBIH?'
 
diff --git a/pypy/module/_rawffi/structure.py b/pypy/module/_rawffi/structure.py
--- a/pypy/module/_rawffi/structure.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_rawffi/structure.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 from rpython.rlib.rarithmetic import intmask, signedtype, r_uint, \
     r_ulonglong
 from rpython.rtyper.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi
+from rpython.rlib.objectmodel import specialize
 import sys
 
 IS_BIG_ENDIAN = sys.byteorder == 'big'
@@ -284,6 +285,7 @@
 def NUM_BITS(x):
     return x >> 16
 
+@specialize.arg(1)
 def BIT_MASK(x, ll_t):
     if ll_t is lltype.SignedLongLong or ll_t is lltype.UnsignedLongLong:
         one = r_ulonglong(1)
@@ -291,8 +293,8 @@
         one = r_uint(1)
     # to avoid left shift by x == sizeof(ll_t)
     return (((one << (x - 1)) - 1) << 1) + 1
-BIT_MASK._annspecialcase_ = 'specialize:arg(1)'
 
+@specialize.argtype(2)
 def push_field(self, num, value):
     ptr = rffi.ptradd(self.ll_buffer, self.shape.ll_positions[num])
     TP = lltype.typeOf(value)
@@ -313,8 +315,8 @@
                 value = rffi.cast(TP, current)
             break
     write_ptr(ptr, 0, value)
-push_field._annspecialcase_ = 'specialize:argtype(2)'
 
+@specialize.arg(2)
 def cast_pos(self, i, ll_t):
     pos = rffi.ptradd(self.ll_buffer, self.shape.ll_positions[i])
     value = read_ptr(pos, 0, ll_t)
@@ -337,7 +339,6 @@
                 value = rffi.cast(ll_t, value)
             break
     return value
-cast_pos._annspecialcase_ = 'specialize:arg(2)'
 
 class W_StructureInstance(W_DataInstance):
     def __init__(self, space, shape, address):
diff --git a/pypy/module/_warnings/interp_warnings.py 
b/pypy/module/_warnings/interp_warnings.py
--- a/pypy/module/_warnings/interp_warnings.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_warnings/interp_warnings.py
@@ -248,6 +248,10 @@
     if space.isinstance_w(w_message, space.w_Warning):
         w_text = space.str(w_message)
         w_category = space.type(w_message)
+    elif (not space.isinstance_w(w_message, space.w_unicode) or
+          not space.isinstance_w(w_message, space.w_str)):
+        w_text = space.str(w_message)
+        w_message = space.call_function(w_category, w_message)
     else:
         w_text = w_message
         w_message = space.call_function(w_category, w_message)
diff --git a/pypy/module/_warnings/test/test_warnings.py 
b/pypy/module/_warnings/test/test_warnings.py
--- a/pypy/module/_warnings/test/test_warnings.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_warnings/test/test_warnings.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
         import _warnings
         _warnings.warn("some message", DeprecationWarning)
         _warnings.warn("some message", Warning)
+        _warnings.warn(("some message",1), Warning)
 
     def test_lineno(self):
         import warnings, _warnings, sys
@@ -45,7 +46,10 @@
     def test_show_source_line(self):
         import warnings
         import sys, io
-        from test.warning_tests import inner
+        try:
+            from test.warning_tests import inner
+        except ImportError:
+            skip('no test, -A on cpython?')
         # With showarning() missing, make sure that output is okay.
         del warnings.showwarning
 
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/api.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/api.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/api.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/api.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 from rpython.tool.udir import udir
 from rpython.translator import platform
 from pypy.module.cpyext.state import State
-from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError, oefmt
+from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError, oefmt, raise_import_error
 from pypy.interpreter.baseobjspace import W_Root
 from pypy.interpreter.gateway import unwrap_spec
 from pypy.interpreter.nestedscope import Cell
@@ -982,7 +982,7 @@
     py_fatalerror = rffi.llexternal('%s_FatalError' % prefix,
                                     [CONST_STRING], lltype.Void,
                                     compilation_info=eci)
-    _reinit_tls = rffi.llexternal('%sThread_ReInitTLS' % prefix, [], 
+    _reinit_tls = rffi.llexternal('%sThread_ReInitTLS' % prefix, [],
                                   lltype.Void, compilation_info=eci)
     def reinit_tls(space):
         _reinit_tls()
@@ -1523,9 +1523,10 @@
         finally:
             lltype.free(ll_libname, flavor='raw')
     except rdynload.DLOpenError as e:
-        raise oefmt(space.w_ImportError,
-                    "unable to load extension module '%s': %s",
-                    path, e.msg)
+        w_name = space.newunicode(name.decode('ascii'))
+        w_path = space.wrap_fsdecoded(path)
+        raise raise_import_error(space,
+            space.wrap_fsdecoded(e.msg), w_name, w_path)
     look_for = None
     #
     if space.config.objspace.usemodules._cffi_backend:
@@ -1555,9 +1556,12 @@
             look_for += ' or ' + also_look_for
         else:
             look_for = also_look_for
-    #
-    raise oefmt(space.w_ImportError,
-                "function %s not found in library %s", look_for, path)
+    msg = u"function %s not found in library %s" % (
+        unicode(look_for), space.unicode_w(space.wrap_fsdecoded(path)))
+    w_name = space.newunicode(name.decode('ascii'))
+    w_path = space.wrap_fsdecoded(path)
+    raise_import_error(space, space.newunicode(msg), w_name, w_path)
+
 
 initfunctype = lltype.Ptr(lltype.FuncType([], PyObject))
 
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/slotdefs.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/slotdefs.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/slotdefs.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/slotdefs.py
@@ -214,7 +214,9 @@
     i = space.int_w(space.index(args_w[0]))
     j = space.int_w(space.index(args_w[1]))
     w_y = args_w[2]
-    return space.wrap(generic_cpy_call(space, func_target, w_self, i, j, w_y))
+    res = generic_cpy_call(space, func_target, w_self, i, j, w_y)
+    if rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, res) == -1:
+        space.fromcache(State).check_and_raise_exception(always=True)
 
 def wrap_lenfunc(space, w_self, w_args, func):
     func_len = rffi.cast(lenfunc, func)
@@ -296,7 +298,10 @@
 def wrap_hashfunc(space, w_self, w_args, func):
     func_target = rffi.cast(hashfunc, func)
     check_num_args(space, w_args, 0)
-    return space.wrap(generic_cpy_call(space, func_target, w_self))
+    res = generic_cpy_call(space, func_target, w_self)
+    if res == -1:
+        space.fromcache(State).check_and_raise_exception(always=True)
+    return space.wrap(res)
 
 class CPyBuffer(Buffer):
     # Similar to Py_buffer
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/conftest.py 
b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/conftest.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/conftest.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/conftest.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 import pytest
 
 def pytest_configure(config):
+    if config.option.runappdirect:
+        return
     from pypy.tool.pytest.objspace import gettestobjspace
     # For some reason (probably a ll2ctypes cache issue on linux64)
     # it's necessary to run "import time" at least once before any
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_arraymodule.py 
b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_arraymodule.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_arraymodule.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_arraymodule.py
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
         assert arr.tolist() == [1, 21, 22, 23, 4]
         del arr[slice(1, 3)]
         assert arr.tolist() == [1, 23, 4]
+        raises(TypeError, 'arr[slice(1, 3)] = "abc"')
 
     def test_buffer(self):
         import sys
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_cpyext.py 
b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_cpyext.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_cpyext.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_cpyext.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 import py, pytest
 
 from pypy import pypydir
-from pypy.interpreter import gateway
+from pypy.interpreter.gateway import unwrap_spec, interp2app
 from rpython.rtyper.lltypesystem import lltype, ll2ctypes
 from rpython.translator.gensupp import uniquemodulename
 from rpython.tool.udir import udir
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 from .support import c_compile
 
+HERE = py.path.local(pypydir) / 'module' / 'cpyext' / 'test'
 only_pypy ="config.option.runappdirect and '__pypy__' not in 
sys.builtin_module_names"
 
 @api.cpython_api([], api.PyObject)
@@ -42,19 +43,6 @@
         files.append(filename)
     return files
 
-def create_so(modname, include_dirs, source_strings=None, source_files=None,
-        compile_extra=None, link_extra=None, libraries=None):
-    dirname = (udir/uniquemodulename('module')).ensure(dir=1)
-    if source_strings:
-        assert not source_files
-        files = convert_sources_to_files(source_strings, dirname)
-        source_files = files
-    soname = c_compile(source_files, outputfilename=str(dirname/modname),
-        compile_extra=compile_extra, link_extra=link_extra,
-        include_dirs=include_dirs,
-        libraries=libraries)
-    return soname
-
 class SystemCompilationInfo(object):
     """Bundles all the generic information required to compile extensions.
 
@@ -68,6 +56,96 @@
         self.extra_libs = extra_libs
         self.ext = ext
 
+    def compile_extension_module(self, name, include_dirs=None,
+            source_files=None, source_strings=None):
+        """
+        Build an extension module and return the filename of the resulting
+        native code file.
+
+        name is the name of the module, possibly including dots if it is a
+        module inside a package.
+
+        Any extra keyword arguments are passed on to ExternalCompilationInfo to
+        build the module (so specify your source with one of those).
+        """
+        include_dirs = include_dirs or []
+        modname = name.split('.')[-1]
+        dirname = (udir/uniquemodulename('module')).ensure(dir=1)
+        if source_strings:
+            assert not source_files
+            files = convert_sources_to_files(source_strings, dirname)
+            source_files = files
+        soname = c_compile(source_files, outputfilename=str(dirname/modname),
+            compile_extra=self.compile_extra,
+            link_extra=self.link_extra,
+            include_dirs=self.include_extra + include_dirs,
+            libraries=self.extra_libs)
+        pydname = soname.new(purebasename=modname, ext=self.ext)
+        soname.rename(pydname)
+        return str(pydname)
+
+    def import_module(self, name, init=None, body='', filename=None,
+            include_dirs=None, PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN=False):
+        """
+        init specifies the overall template of the module.
+
+        if init is None, the module source will be loaded from a file in this
+        test directory, give a name given by the filename parameter.
+
+        if filename is None, the module name will be used to construct the
+        filename.
+        """
+        name = name.encode()
+        if body or init:
+            body = body.encode()
+            if init is None:
+                init = "return PyModule_Create(&moduledef);"
+            else:
+                init = init.encode()
+        if init is not None:
+            code = make_source(name, init, body, PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN)
+            kwds = dict(source_strings=[code])
+        else:
+            assert not PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
+            if filename is None:
+                filename = name
+            filename = HERE / (filename + ".c")
+            kwds = dict(source_files=[filename])
+        mod = self.compile_extension_module(
+            name, include_dirs=include_dirs, **kwds)
+        return self.load_module(mod, name)
+
+    def import_extension(self, modname, functions, prologue="",
+            include_dirs=None, more_init="", PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN=False):
+        body = prologue + make_methods(functions, modname)
+        init = """PyObject *mod = PyModule_Create(&moduledef);"""
+        if more_init:
+            init += more_init
+        init += "\nreturn mod;"
+        return self.import_module(
+            name=modname, init=init, body=body, include_dirs=include_dirs,
+            PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN=PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN)
+
+
+class ExtensionCompiler(SystemCompilationInfo):
+    """Extension compiler for appdirect mode"""
+    def load_module(space, mod, name):
+        import imp
+        return imp.load_dynamic(name, mod)
+
+class SpaceCompiler(SystemCompilationInfo):
+    """Extension compiler for regular (untranslated PyPy) mode"""
+    def __init__(self, space, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.space = space
+        SystemCompilationInfo.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def load_module(self, mod, name):
+        space = self.space
+        api.load_extension_module(space, mod, name)
+        return space.getitem(
+            space.sys.get('modules'), space.wrap(name))
+
+
 def get_cpyext_info(space):
     from pypy.module.imp.importing import get_so_extension
     state = space.fromcache(State)
@@ -88,7 +166,7 @@
             link_extra = ["-g"]
         else:
             compile_extra = link_extra = None
-    return SystemCompilationInfo(
+    return SpaceCompiler(space,
         include_extra=api.include_dirs,
         compile_extra=compile_extra,
         link_extra=link_extra,
@@ -96,30 +174,6 @@
         ext=get_so_extension(space))
 
 
-def compile_extension_module(sys_info, modname, include_dirs=[],
-        source_files=None, source_strings=None):
-    """
-    Build an extension module and return the filename of the resulting native
-    code file.
-
-    modname is the name of the module, possibly including dots if it is a 
module
-    inside a package.
-
-    Any extra keyword arguments are passed on to ExternalCompilationInfo to
-    build the module (so specify your source with one of those).
-    """
-    modname = modname.split('.')[-1]
-    soname = create_so(modname,
-        include_dirs=sys_info.include_extra + include_dirs,
-        source_files=source_files,
-        source_strings=source_strings,
-        compile_extra=sys_info.compile_extra,
-        link_extra=sys_info.link_extra,
-        libraries=sys_info.extra_libs)
-    pydname = soname.new(purebasename=modname, ext=sys_info.ext)
-    soname.rename(pydname)
-    return str(pydname)
-
 def get_so_suffix():
     from imp import get_suffixes, C_EXTENSION
     for suffix, mode, typ in get_suffixes():
@@ -142,12 +196,58 @@
             "-O0", "-g", "-Werror=implicit-function-declaration", "-fPIC"]
         link_extra = None
     ext = get_so_suffix()
-    return SystemCompilationInfo(
+    return ExtensionCompiler(
         include_extra=[get_python_inc()],
         compile_extra=compile_extra,
         link_extra=link_extra,
         ext=get_so_suffix())
 
+def make_methods(functions, modname):
+    methods_table = []
+    codes = []
+    for funcname, flags, code in functions:
+        cfuncname = "%s_%s" % (modname, funcname)
+        methods_table.append("{\"%s\", %s, %s}," %
+                                (funcname, cfuncname, flags))
+        func_code = """
+        static PyObject* %s(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)
+        {
+        %s
+        }
+        """ % (cfuncname, code)
+        codes.append(func_code)
+
+    body = "\n".join(codes) + """
+    static PyMethodDef methods[] = {
+    %(methods)s
+    { NULL }
+    };
+    static struct PyModuleDef moduledef = {
+        PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+        "%(modname)s",  /* m_name */
+        NULL,           /* m_doc */
+        -1,             /* m_size */
+        methods,        /* m_methods */
+    };
+    """ % dict(methods='\n'.join(methods_table), modname=modname)
+    return body
+
+def make_source(name, init, body, PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN):
+    code = """
+    %(PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN)s
+    #include <Python.h>
+
+    %(body)s
+
+    PyMODINIT_FUNC
+    PyInit_%(name)s(void) {
+    %(init)s
+    }
+    """ % dict(name=name, init=init, body=body,
+            PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN='#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN'
+                if PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN else '')
+    return code
+
 
 def freeze_refcnts(self):
     rawrefcount._dont_free_any_more()
@@ -159,22 +259,6 @@
     #state.print_refcounts()
     self.frozen_ll2callocations = set(ll2ctypes.ALLOCATED.values())
 
-class FakeSpace(object):
-    """Like TinyObjSpace, but different"""
-    def __init__(self, config):
-        self.config = config
-
-    def passthrough(self, arg):
-        return arg
-    listview = passthrough
-    str_w = passthrough
-
-    def unwrap(self, args):
-        try:
-            return args.str_w(None)
-        except:
-            return args
-
 class LeakCheckingTest(object):
     """Base class for all cpyext tests."""
     spaceconfig = dict(usemodules=['cpyext', 'thread', '_rawffi', 'array',
@@ -267,9 +351,12 @@
         state.non_heaptypes_w[:] = []
 
     def setup_method(self, meth):
-        freeze_refcnts(self)
+        if not self.runappdirect:
+            freeze_refcnts(self)
 
     def teardown_method(self, meth):
+        if self.runappdirect:
+            return
         self.cleanup_references(self.space)
         # XXX: like AppTestCpythonExtensionBase.teardown_method:
         # find out how to disable check_and_print_leaks() if the
@@ -295,21 +382,42 @@
             skip("Windows Python >= 2.6 only")
         assert isinstance(sys.dllhandle, int)
 
+
+def _unwrap_include_dirs(space, w_include_dirs):
+    if w_include_dirs is None:
+        return None
+    else:
+        return [space.str_w(s) for s in space.listview(w_include_dirs)]
+
+def debug_collect(space):
+    rawrefcount._collect()
+
 class AppTestCpythonExtensionBase(LeakCheckingTest):
 
     def setup_class(cls):
         space = cls.space
-        space.getbuiltinmodule("cpyext")
-        # 'import os' to warm up reference counts
-        w_import = space.builtin.getdictvalue(space, '__import__')
-        space.call_function(w_import, space.wrap("os"))
-        #state = cls.space.fromcache(RefcountState) ZZZ
-        #state.non_heaptypes_w[:] = []
+        cls.w_here = space.wrap(str(HERE))
         if not cls.runappdirect:
             cls.w_runappdirect = space.wrap(cls.runappdirect)
+            space.getbuiltinmodule("cpyext")
+            # 'import os' to warm up reference counts
+            w_import = space.builtin.getdictvalue(space, '__import__')
+            space.call_function(w_import, space.wrap("os"))
+            #state = cls.space.fromcache(RefcountState) ZZZ
+            #state.non_heaptypes_w[:] = []
+            cls.w_debug_collect = space.wrap(interp2app(debug_collect))
+
+    def record_imported_module(self, name):
+        """
+        Record a module imported in a test so that it can be cleaned up in
+        teardown before the check for leaks is done.
+
+        name gives the name of the module in the space's sys.modules.
+        """
+        self.imported_module_names.append(name)
 
     def setup_method(self, func):
-        @gateway.unwrap_spec(name=str)
+        @unwrap_spec(name=str)
         def compile_module(space, name,
                            w_source_files=None,
                            w_source_strings=None):
@@ -324,178 +432,68 @@
                 source_strings = space.listview_bytes(w_source_strings)
             else:
                 source_strings = None
-            pydname = compile_extension_module(
-                self.sys_info, name,
+            pydname = self.sys_info.compile_extension_module(
+                name,
                 source_files=source_files,
                 source_strings=source_strings)
+
+            # hackish, but tests calling compile_module() always end up
+            # importing the result
+            self.record_imported_module(name)
+
             return space.wrap(pydname)
 
-        @gateway.unwrap_spec(name=str, init='str_or_None', body=str,
-                     load_it=bool, filename='str_or_None',
-                     PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN=bool)
-        def import_module(space, name, init=None, body='', load_it=True,
+        @unwrap_spec(name=str, init='str_or_None', body=str,
+                     filename='str_or_None', PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN=bool)
+        def import_module(space, name, init=None, body='',
                           filename=None, w_include_dirs=None,
                           PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN=False):
-            """
-            init specifies the overall template of the module.
+            include_dirs = _unwrap_include_dirs(space, w_include_dirs)
+            w_result = self.sys_info.import_module(
+                name, init, body, filename, include_dirs, PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN)
+            self.record_imported_module(name)
+            return w_result
 
-            if init is None, the module source will be loaded from a file in 
this
-            test direcory, give a name given by the filename parameter.
 
-            if filename is None, the module name will be used to construct the
-            filename.
-            """
-            name = name.encode()
-            if body or init:
-                body = body.encode()
-                if init is None:
-                    init = "return PyModule_Create(&moduledef);"
-                else:
-                    init = init.encode()
-            if w_include_dirs is None:
-                include_dirs = []
-            else:
-                include_dirs = [space.str_w(s) for s in 
space.listview(w_include_dirs)]
-            if init is not None:
-                code = """
-                %(PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN)s
-                #include <Python.h>
+        @unwrap_spec(mod=str, name=str)
+        def load_module(space, mod, name):
+            return self.sys_info.load_module(mod, name)
 
-                %(body)s
-
-                PyMODINIT_FUNC
-                PyInit_%(name)s(void) {
-                %(init)s
-                }
-                """ % dict(name=name, init=init, body=body,
-                           PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN='#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN'
-                                            if PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN else '')
-                kwds = dict(source_strings=[code])
-            else:
-                assert not PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
-                if filename is None:
-                    filename = name
-                filename = py.path.local(pypydir) / 'module' \
-                        / 'cpyext'/ 'test' / (filename + ".c")
-                kwds = dict(source_files=[filename])
-            mod = compile_extension_module(self.sys_info, name,
-                    include_dirs=include_dirs, **kwds)
-
-            if load_it:
-                if self.runappdirect:
-                    import imp
-                    return imp.load_dynamic(name, mod)
-                else:
-                    api.load_extension_module(space, mod, name)
-                    self.imported_module_names.append(name)
-                    return space.getitem(
-                        space.sys.get('modules'),
-                        space.wrap(name))
-            else:
-                path = os.path.dirname(mod)
-                if self.runappdirect:
-                    return path
-                else:
-                    return space.wrap(path)
-
-        @gateway.unwrap_spec(mod=str, name=str)
-        def reimport_module(space, mod, name):
-            if self.runappdirect:
-                import imp
-                return imp.load_dynamic(name, mod)
-            else:
-                api.load_extension_module(space, mod, name)
-            return space.getitem(
-                space.sys.get('modules'),
-                space.wrap(name))
-
-        @gateway.unwrap_spec(modname=str, prologue=str,
+        @unwrap_spec(modname=str, prologue=str,
                              more_init=str, PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN=bool)
         def import_extension(space, modname, w_functions, prologue="",
                              w_include_dirs=None, more_init="", 
PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN=False):
             functions = space.unwrap(w_functions)
-            methods_table = []
-            codes = []
-            for funcname, flags, code in functions:
-                cfuncname = "%s_%s" % (modname, funcname)
-                methods_table.append("{\"%s\", %s, %s}," %
-                                     (funcname, cfuncname, flags))
-                func_code = """
-                static PyObject* %s(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)
-                {
-                %s
-                }
-                """ % (cfuncname, code)
-                codes.append(func_code)
-
-            body = prologue + "\n".join(codes) + """
-            static PyMethodDef methods[] = {
-            %(methods)s
-            { NULL }
-            };
-            static struct PyModuleDef moduledef = {
-                PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
-                "%(modname)s",  /* m_name */
-                NULL,           /* m_doc */
-                -1,             /* m_size */
-                methods,        /* m_methods */
-            };
-            """ % dict(methods='\n'.join(methods_table), modname=modname)
-            init = """PyObject *mod = PyModule_Create(&moduledef);"""
-            if more_init:
-                init += more_init
-            init += "\nreturn mod;"
-            return import_module(space, name=modname, init=init, body=body,
-                                 w_include_dirs=w_include_dirs,
-                                 PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN=PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN)
-
-        @gateway.unwrap_spec(name=str)
-        def record_imported_module(name):
-            """
-            Record a module imported in a test so that it can be cleaned up in
-            teardown before the check for leaks is done.
-
-            name gives the name of the module in the space's sys.modules.
-            """
-            self.imported_module_names.append(name)
-
-        def debug_collect(space):
-            rawrefcount._collect()
+            include_dirs = _unwrap_include_dirs(space, w_include_dirs)
+            w_result = self.sys_info.import_extension(
+                modname, functions, prologue, include_dirs, more_init,
+                PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN)
+            self.record_imported_module(modname)
+            return w_result
 
         # A list of modules which the test caused to be imported (in
         # self.space).  These will be cleaned up automatically in teardown.
         self.imported_module_names = []
 
         if self.runappdirect:
-            fake = FakeSpace(self.space.config)
-            def interp2app(func):
-                def run(*args, **kwargs):
-                    for k in kwargs.keys():
-                        if k not in func.unwrap_spec and not 
k.startswith('w_'):
-                            v = kwargs.pop(k)
-                            kwargs['w_' + k] = v
-                    return func(fake, *args, **kwargs)
-                return run
-            def wrap(func):
-                return func
             self.sys_info = get_sys_info_app()
+            self.compile_module = self.sys_info.compile_extension_module
+            self.load_module = self.sys_info.load_module
+            self.import_module = self.sys_info.import_module
+            self.import_extension = self.sys_info.import_extension
         else:
-            interp2app = gateway.interp2app
             wrap = self.space.wrap
             self.sys_info = get_cpyext_info(self.space)
-        self.w_compile_module = wrap(interp2app(compile_module))
-        self.w_import_module = wrap(interp2app(import_module))
-        self.w_reimport_module = wrap(interp2app(reimport_module))
-        self.w_import_extension = wrap(interp2app(import_extension))
-        self.w_record_imported_module = 
wrap(interp2app(record_imported_module))
-        self.w_here = wrap(str(py.path.local(pypydir)) + 
'/module/cpyext/test/')
-        self.w_debug_collect = wrap(interp2app(debug_collect))
+            self.w_compile_module = wrap(interp2app(compile_module))
+            self.w_load_module = wrap(interp2app(load_module))
+            self.w_import_module = wrap(interp2app(import_module))
+            self.w_import_extension = wrap(interp2app(import_extension))
 
-        # create the file lock before we count allocations
-        self.space.call_method(self.space.sys.get("stdout"), "flush")
+            # create the file lock before we count allocations
+            self.space.call_method(self.space.sys.get("stdout"), "flush")
 
-        freeze_refcnts(self)
-        #self.check_and_print_leaks()
+            freeze_refcnts(self)
+            #self.check_and_print_leaks()
 
     def unimport_module(self, name):
         """
@@ -506,6 +504,8 @@
         self.space.delitem(w_modules, w_name)
 
     def teardown_method(self, func):
+        if self.runappdirect:
+            return
         for name in self.imported_module_names:
             self.unimport_module(name)
         self.cleanup_references(self.space)
@@ -628,19 +628,15 @@
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