Billy
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Below is some info that might help. Info in red is about smells. I too had the problem of a strong odor and it was only after changing vitamins, so after talking to my Dr I went back on the ones I had been taking and the odor went away.
Penny
Normal results may vary from lab to lab.
What Affects the Test
Color
Normal:
Pale to dark yellow
Abnormal:
Many foods and medications can affect the color of the urine. Colorless urine may be caused by conditions such as long-term kidney disease or uncontrolled diabetes. Dark yellow urine can be caused by conditions such as dehydration. Reddish urine can be caused by blood in the urine.
Clarity
Normal:
Clear
Abnormal:
Cloudy urine can be caused by pus (white blood cells), blood (red blood cells), sperm, bacteria, yeast, crystals, mucus, or a parasite infection (such as trichomoniasis).
Odor
Normal:
Slightly "nutty" (aromatic) odor
Abnormal:
Some foods (such as asparagus), vitamins, and antibiotics (such as penicillin) can cause urine to develop an unusual odor. A sweet, fruity odor may be caused by uncontrolled diabetes. A urinary tract infection (UTI) can cause a foul odor. Urine that smells like maple syrup can indicate maple syrup urine disease, a condition caused by the body's inability to break down certain amino acids.
Specific gravity
Normal:
1.005–1.035
Abnormal:
Abnormally high specific gravity indicates very concentrated urine, which may be caused by not drinking enough liquid, loss of too much liquid (excessive vomiting, sweating, or diarrhea), or substances (such as sugar or protein) in the urine. Abnormally low specific gravity indicates dilute urine, which may be caused by drinking excessive amounts of liquid, severe kidney disease, or the use of diuretics.
pH
Normal:
4.5–8.0
Abnormal:
Some foods (such as citrus fruit and dairy products) and medications (such as antacids) can affect urine pH. A high (alkaline) pH can be caused by prolonged vomiting, a kidney disease, some urinary tract infections, and asthma. A low (acidic) pH may be a sign of severe lung disease (emphysema), uncontrolled diabetes, aspirin overdose, prolonged diarrhea, dehydration, starvation, drinking an excessive amount of alcohol, or drinking antifreeze (ethylene glycol).
Protein
Normal:
None
Abnormal:
Protein in the urine usually indicates kidney damage or disease that can be caused by conditions such as an infection, cancer, high blood pressure, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or glomerulonephritis.
Protein in the urine can also be caused by heart failure, leukemia, poison (lead or mercury poisoning), or a condition during pregnancy that results in high blood pressure (preeclampsia).
Glucose
Normal:
None
Abnormal:
Some medications can cause glucose in the urine. Excess glucose in the urine is often caused by uncontrolled diabetes. Other conditions that may cause glucose in urine include an adrenal gland problem, liver damage, brain injury, certain types of poisoning, and certain types of kidney diseases that decrease their ability to reabsorb glucose from the urine.
Ketones
Normal:
None
Abnormal:
Ketones in the urine can indicate poorly controlled diabetes, a very low-carbohydrate diet, starvation (including disorders that result in poor nutrition such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia), alcoholism, or poisoning from drinking rubbing alcohol (isopropanol). Ketones are often found in the urine when a person does not eat (fasts) for 18 hours or longer. This may occur when a person is sick and avoids food or vomits for an extended period of time. Low levels of ketones are sometimes found in the urine of a healthy pregnant woman.
Microscopic analysis
Normal:
Very few or no red or white blood cells or casts are seen. No bacteria, yeast cells, or parasites are present. A few crystals are usually normal.
Abnormal:
Red blood cells in the urine may be caused by kidney or bladder injury, kidney stones, a urinary tract infection, inflammation of the kidneys (glomerulonephritis), a kidney or bladder tumor, or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). White blood cells (pus) in the urine indicate a urinary tract infection, bladder tumor, inflammation of the kidneys, or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Depending on the type, casts can indicate inflammation or damage to the tiny tubes in the kidneys, poor blood supply to the kidneys, metal poisoning (such as lead or mercury), heart failure, or a bacterial infection.
Excessive amounts of crystals, or the presence of certain types of crystals, can indicate kidney stones, damaged kidneys, or problems with metabolism. Some medications and certain types of urinary tract infections can also increase the number of crystals in urine.
Bacteria in the urine indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI). Yeast cells or parasites (such as the parasite that causes trichomoniasis) can indicate an infection of the urinary tract.
- Many medications can interfere with urine test results. High doses of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) taken with certain antibiotics (such as tetracycline) can affect glucose, ketones, and protein test results.
- Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and some antibiotics, such as erythromycin and trimethoprim (Trimpex), may cause crystals to form in urine.
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