[R] SARIMA in R

Hi, Is R's implementation of Seasonal ARIMA in the arima() function a multiplicative or an additive model? e.g., is an ARIMA(0,1,1)(0,1,1)[12] from arima() the same as Box et al's ARIMA(0,1,1)x(0,1,1)[12] (from Time Series Analysis 1994, p.333). From another post http://tolstoy.newcastle.edu.

Re: [R] Where to find "nprq"?

roger koenker wrote: > It has been folded into my quantreg package. Thanks a lot - it is working now Rainer > > url:www.econ.uiuc.edu/~rogerRoger Koenker > email[EMAIL PROTECTED]Department of Economics > vox: 217-333-4558University of Illinois

Re: [R] R-About PLSR

Nitish Kumar Mishra wrote: > I have installed PLS package in R and use it for princomp & prcomp > commands for calculating PCA using its example file(USArrests example). Uhm. These functions and data sets are not in the pls package; they are in the stats and datasets packages that come with R.

Re: [R] Sum per hour

Thank you, I have try your proposition. Seems to be the right way... but I still have an error message. Here is the code I have executing: time<-c("2000-10-03 14:00:00","2000-10-03 14:10:00","2000-10-03 14:20:00","2000-10-03 15:30:00","2000-10-03 16:40:00","2000-10-03 16:50:00","2000-10-03 17:0

[R] hierarhical cluster analysis of groups of vectors

I want to do hierarchical cluster analysis to compare 10 groups of vectors with five vectors in each group (i.e. I want to make a dendogram showing the clustering of the different groups). I've looked into using dist and hclust, but cannot see how to compare the different groups instead of the

Re: [R] hierarhical cluster analysis of groups of vectors

It seems that you have already groups defined. Discriminant analysis would probably be more appropriate for what you want. Best regards, Rafael Duarte Anders Malmendal wrote: >I want to do hierarchical cluster analysis to compare 10 groups of >vectors with five vectors in each group (i.e. I wa

[R] JGR

Hi, I dont find any site to make suggestions about JGR. It is possible to make a keyboard link do automatic attribution sign <- like Emacs use Shift - Thanks Ronaldo -- The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds new discoveries, is not "Eureka!" (I found it!) but "That's

[R] Function tsmooth

Hi, Assume that we may model the Nottingham temperature data (nottem) or Sunspot data (sunspot) set by a nonparametric autoregressive model of the form Yt = m(Yt-1) + et. Using the kernel estimation method, produce the resulting plots. We may use the fucntion tsmo

[R] pie initial angle

Dear all, I'd like to produce a simple pie chart for a customer (I know it's bad but they insist), and I have some difficulties setting the initial angle. For example: pie(c(60, 40), init.angle=14) and pie(c(80, 20), init.angle=338) both present the slices in the same direction, where: pie

Re: [R] pie initial angle

Not sure I understand what you want but the clockwise= argument of pie determines whether the slice is drawn clockwise or counter clockwise. On 5/29/07, Adrian Dusa <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > Dear all, > > I'd like to produce a simple pie chart for a customer (I know it's bad but > they insist

Re: [R] Legend outside plotting area

Judith, Haven't tried it in anger myself, but two things suggest themselves. The first is to use the lattice package, which seems to draw keys (autokey option) outside the plot region by default. Look at the last couple of examples in ?xyplot. May save a lot of hassle... In classical R graphic

[R] Odp: pie initial angle

Hi [EMAIL PROTECTED] napsal dne 29.05.2007 12:53:14: > > Dear all, > > I'd like to produce a simple pie chart for a customer (I know it's bad but > they insist), and I have some difficulties setting the initial angle. > For example: > > pie(c(60, 40), init.angle=14) > > and > > pie(c(80,

Re: [R] hierarhical cluster analysis of groups of vectors

Thanks. The vectors are produced by PLS-discriminant analysis between groups and the vectors within a group are simply different measurements of the same thing. What I need is a measure of how the different groups cluster. (I assume that I can do some averaging after applying dist, but I can not

Re: [R] hierarhical cluster analysis of groups of vectors

Thanks. The vectors are produced by PLS-discriminant analysis between groups and the vectors within a group are simply different measurements of the same thing. What I need is a measure of how the different groups cluster (relative to each other). (I assume that I can do some averaging after ap

[R] Odp: Odp: pie initial angle

>From simple geometry pie(c(x, y), init.angle=(300+y/2*360/100)-360) shall do what you request. Although I am not sure if it is wise. Regards Petr [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] napsal dne 29.05.2007 13:30:06: > Hi > > [EMAIL PROTECTED] napsal dne 29.05.2007 12:53:14: > > > > > Dear al

Re: [R] hierarhical cluster analysis of groups of vectors

On Tue, 29 May 2007, Anders Malmendal wrote: > Thanks. > The vectors are produced by PLS-discriminant analysis between groups and > the vectors within a group are simply different measurements of the same > thing. What I need is a measure of how the different groups cluster > (relative to each oth

[R] search path question

Hi R users, Is there a simple function that can add a folder into current R search path? For example, suppose my current work directory is "D:\work", but my input files are stored in folder "C:\inFiles\", I know I can change work directory or add "C:\inFiles\" before files name when I scan them,

[R] about the unscaled covariances from a summary.lm object

Hello! I want to clarify something about the unscaled covarinces component of a summary.lm object. So we have the regressor matrix X. If the fitted lm object is lmobj, the inverse of the matrix t(X)%*%X is xx, and the residual variance is sigma^2_e, the variance-covariance matrix of the OLS esti

Re: [R] RODBC

I have now read the README file which I should have done before. :-[ Sorry. To summarize: - Install the odbc connector driver (3.51) - Set up the dsn in the file .odbc.ini - It works beautifully and RODBC is super! Prof Brian Ripley wrote: > yOn Mon, 28 May 2007, Bill Szkotnicki wrote: > >>

Re: [R] about the unscaled covariances from a summary.lm object

try the following: x1 <- rnorm(100) x2 <- rep(0:1, each = 50) x3 <- runif(100) y <- drop(cbind(1, x1, x2, x3) %*% c(1, 2, -1, -3)) + rnorm(100, sd = 2) dat <- data.frame(y, x1, x2, x3) ## fit.lm <- lm(y ~ x1 + x2 + x3, dat) summ.fit.lm <- summary(fit.lm) X <- model.matrix(fi

[R] Using ksmooth to produce the resulting plots

Hi, Consider the Nottingham temperature and the Sunspot data: >data(nottem) >data(sunspot) Assume that we may model each data set by a nonparametic autoregressice model of the form Yt = m(Yt-1) +et, What are the value of x and y for using function ksmooth(x,y,"n

Re: [R] hierarhical cluster analysis of groups of vectors

Anders; If you want to _test_ for differences, ANOVA applied to on the (typically) first principal component scores for each object would give a fairly quick indication of whether there was a case to answer (though scaling is an issue to be aware of; a low-variance variable might differ strong

Re: [R] Odp: Odp: pie initial angle

Thanks Petr and Gabor, On Tuesday 29 May 2007, Petr PIKAL wrote: > >From simple geometry > > pie(c(x, y), init.angle=(300+y/2*360/100)-360) > > shall do what you request. Although I am not sure if it is wise. Yes, this is what I want to do. I agree with all your points re initial angle, I just ne

Re: [R] ratio distribution - missing attachment

Dear Martin and Vitto, Please find attached the R function to compute the density of the ratio of 2 dependent normal variates. Best, Ravi. --- Ravi Varadhan, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, The Center on Aging and Heal

[R] look for packages

Dear list members, I am analysing some microarray data. I have got the differentially expressed genes and now want to carry out PCA analysis to get the main components that contribute to the variance.I have browsered the CRAN and BioConductor and did not find an appropriate package. Have anybody

[R] Fw: hierarhical cluster analysis of groups of vectors

Hi Rafael, What about multivariate logistic regression? - Forwarded Message From: Rafael Duarte <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> To: Anders Malmendal <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Cc: r-help@stat.math.ethz.ch Sent: Tuesday, May 29, 2007 3:21:11 PM Subject: Re: [R] hierarhical cluster analysis of groups of vect

[R] exemples, tutorial on lmer

Hi all, I have some difficulties to work with the function lmer from lme4 Does somebody have a tutorial or different examples to use this function? Thanks, Oliver. __ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PL

Re: [R] look for packages

Look that: RSiteSearch("PCA Analysis", restrict="functions") -- Henrique Dallazuanna Curitiba-Paraná-Brasil 25° 25' 40" S 49° 16' 22" O On 29/05/07, De-Jian,ZHAO

Re: [R] normality tests [Broadcast]

False. Box proved ~ca 1952 that standard inferences in the linear regression model are robust to nonnormality, at least for (nearly) balanced designs. The **crucial** assumption is independence, which I suspect partially motivated his time series work on arima modeling. More recently, work on hiera

Re: [R] search path question

Yes, it is. The original is here http://finzi.psych.upenn.edu/R/Rhelp02a/archive/92829.html However, it requires some modifications. Here they are. Sorry, I can test it only in Windows. search.source <- function(file, path=Sys.getenv("PATH"), ...) { for(p in strsplit(path,.Platform$path.se

Re: [R] exemples, tutorial on lmer

Hi Oliver, You could start with R News 2005, no. 1. Also the PDF associated with lme4, "Implementation.pdf." Hnak On May 29, 2007, at 10:35 AM, Olivier MARTIN wrote: > Hi all, > > I have some difficulties to work with the function lmer from lme4 > Does somebody have a tutorial or different examp

Re: [R] Fw: hierarhical cluster analysis of groups of vectors

Yes, of course. But since the initial question referred the use of dist(), (I suppose with Euclidean distances) and hclust on a matrix with a priori known groups, discriminant analysis seemed adequate to me. It was only a suggestion, without having much detail about the problem. Thanks, Rafael

[R] AIC for lrm(Hmisc/Design) model.

Dear all, I am adjusting a Logistic Regression Model using lmr() function of Hmisc/Design package. Now I would like to compute AIC for this model. How can I do that? Kind regards, miltinho Brazil __ [[alternative HTML version deleted]]

[R] Estimate Fisher Information by Hessian from OPTIM

Dear All, I am trying to find MLE by using "OPTIM" function. Difficult in differentiating some parameter in my objective function, I would like to use the returned hessian matrix to yield an estimate of Fisher's Information matrix. My question: Since the hessian is calculated by numerical differ

Re: [R] AIC for lrm(Hmisc/Design) model.

Milton Cezar Ribeiro wrote: > Dear all, > > I am adjusting a Logistic Regression Model using lmr() function of > Hmisc/Design package. Now I would like to compute AIC for this model. How can > I do that? > > Kind regards, > > miltinho > Brazil I like to change AIC to have it on the chi-square

[R] search path question

Hi R users, Is there a simple function that can add a folder into current R search path? For example, suppose my current work directory is "D:\work", but my input files are stored in folder "C:\inFiles\", I know I can change work directory or add "C:\inFiles\" before files name when I scan them,

Re: [R] search path question

Zhiliang Ma wrote: > I want to find a function that can simply add > "C:\inFiles\" into R's search path, so that we I scan a file R will go to > all the search paths to find it. In matlab, path(path,"C:\inFiles") will do > this job, I'm just wondering if there is a similar function in R can do thi

Re: [R] search path question

On Tue, 29 May 2007, Zhiliang Ma wrote: > Hi R users, > > Is there a simple function that can add a folder into current R search path? This works for adding libraries to your search path, but I don't think it would work for finding data files outside of your getwd() quite as you'd like: .libPa

Re: [R] search path question

Thanks, Barry. In fact, I have a function just like yours, and I'm looking for a simple alternative function, which is like "path" in Matlab. On 5/29/07, Barry Rowlingson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > Zhiliang Ma wrote: > > I want to find a function that can simply add > > "C:\inFiles\" into R's

Re: [R] parallel processing an lme model

On 5/28/07, [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Hi All > Had anyone of you seen if it is possible to split a large lme() job to be > processed by multiple cpus/computers? > I am just at the very beginning to understand related things, but does the > lme() > use solution finding functi

[R] rgl.postscript

Hi, I am having an issue when creating a postscript file from RGL window. It seems to cut off some of the axis labels. Here is the code I am using. I created a 3D plot using RGL_0.71 with R 2.5 on Windows XP. z1<-c(5,4,1,4.5,2,3,2,1,1) z2<-c(6,8,7,7.5,5,3.5,4,1,1) z3<-c(3,2,4,7,3,4.5,6,2,3) x

Re: [R] search path question

Zhiliang Ma wrote: > Thanks, Barry. > In fact, I have a function just like yours, and I'm looking for a simple > alternative function, which is like "path" in Matlab. Dont think it can be done - if you look at the code for 'scan', it disappears off into internal() calls to do the business of fi

[R] LAPACK and BLAS libraries

Hi, I don't know if I'm sending this to the right place but I've looked throught tens and tens of topics on http://tolstoy.newcastle.edu.au/ and finally found that email address where I can maybe find some help. Well my main goal is to get to use the lapack library within my R package (which can

Re: [R] search path question

Actually, it does if (is.character(file)) if (file == "") file <- stdin() else { file <- file(file, "r") on.exit(close(file)) } so all the searching is done in the file() connection. You could do this via a search_file() conn

Re: [R] rgl.postscript

On 5/29/2007 1:53 PM, coar wrote: > Hi, > I am having an issue when creating a postscript file from RGL window. It > seems to cut off some of the axis labels. Here is the code I am using. > > I created a 3D plot using RGL_0.71 with R 2.5 on Windows XP. > > z1<-c(5,4,1,4.5,2,3,2,1,1) > z2<-c(6

[R] #include

Hey Everyone, I'm running R 2.4.0 on Debian etch 4.0, and I'm trying to call some Lapack functions from my C code. Actually, to be honest I'm not really having trouble calling the commands such as La_dgesv from within my C code, but I do get warning when compiling the package saying: GAUSSlkhd.c

[R] aggregation of a zoo object

Dear all, I am trying to execute the following example: time<-c("2000-10-03 14:00:00","2000-10-03 14:10:00","2000-10-03 14:20:00","2000-10-03 15:30:00","2000-10-03 16:40:00","2000-10-03 16:50:00","2000-10-03 17:00:00","2000-10-03 17:10:00","2000-10-03 17:20:00","2000-10-03 18:30:00","2000-10-04 1

Re: [R] off-topic: affine transformation matrix

Thanks for the prompt and clear reply! The simplicity of the solution may have been why I initially overlooked this approach... The results look convincing (http://169.237.35.250/~dylan/temp/affine.png), now I just need to verify that the output from coef() is in the format that I need it in.

Re: [R] aggregation of a zoo object

On Tue, 29 May 2007 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: > # then I want to do the sum per hour > > z_sum_per_hour <- aggregate(na.omit(z), function(x) as.POSIXct(trunc(x, > "hour")),sum) > Warning message: > some methods for “zoo” objects do not work if the index entries in > ‘order.by’ are not uniqu

[R] Partially reading a file (particularly)

Hello, I am trying to figure out if there exists some R command that allows one to be particularly selective when reading a file. I'm dealing with large fixed-width data sets that look like 539001.. 639001.. 639001.. ... 539002.. 639002.. ... Presently, I am using read.fwf to read an entire fi

[R] summing up colum values for unique IDs when multiple ID's exist in data frame

I have data.frame's with IDs and multiple columns. B/c some of IDs showed up more than once, I need sum up colum values to creat a new dataframe with unique ids. I hope there are some cheaper ways of doing it... Because the dataframe is huge, it takes almost an hour to do the task. Thanks so muc

[R] [R-pkgs] Rcmdr 1.3-0 and RcmdrPlugins.TeachingDemos

I'd like to announce a new version, 1.3-0, of the Rcmdr package. The Rcmdr package provides a basic-statistics graphical user interface (GUI) to R. Beyond small changes and additions, this new version of the package makes provision for "plug-ins" that permit extension of the Rcmdr GUI without alt

Re: [R] summing up colum values for unique IDs when multiple ID's exist in data frame

"Young Cho" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > I have data.frame's with IDs and multiple columns. B/c some of IDs > showed up more than once, I need sum up colum values to creat a new > dataframe with unique ids. > > I hope there are some cheaper ways of doing it... Because the > dataframe is huge, it

Re: [R] summing up colum values for unique IDs when multiple ID's exist in data frame

On Tue, 29 May 2007, Seth Falcon wrote: > "Young Cho" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > >> I have data.frame's with IDs and multiple columns. B/c some of IDs >> showed up more than once, I need sum up colum values to creat a new >> dataframe with unique ids. >> >> I hope there are some cheaper ways of

Re: [R] Partially reading a file (particularly)

On Tue, 29 May 2007, Tobin, Jared wrote: > Hello, > > I am trying to figure out if there exists some R command that allows one > to be > particularly selective when reading a file. I'm dealing with large > fixed-width data > sets that look like > > 539001.. > 639001.. > 639001.. > ... > 539002..

[R] trouble understanding why ...=="NaN" isn't true

I have the following data: > dataset[2,"Sample.227"] [1]NaN 1558 Levels: -0.000 -0.001 -0.002 -0.003 -0.004 -0.005 -0.006 -0.007 -0.008- 0.009 ... 2.000 However, I'm not sure why this expression is coming back as FALSE: > dataset[2,"Sample.227"]=="NaN" [1] FALSE Similarly: > dataset[2,"S

Re: [R] trouble understanding why ...=="NaN" isn't true

Okay, it turns out that there were leading spaces, so that in the data, it was represented as " NaN", hence the expression =="NaN" was coming back as false. Is there a way to find out preemptively if there are leading spaces? Thanks, Andrew On 5/29/07, Andrew Yee <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >

Re: [R] trouble understanding why ...=="NaN" isn't true

1. "NaN" is a character string, **not** NaN; hence is.nan("NaN") yields FALSE. 2. Please read the docs! ?NaN explicitly says: "Do not test equality to NaN, or even use identical, since systems typically have many different NaN values." Bert Gunter Genentech Nonclinical Statistics -Origin

Re: [R] trouble understanding why ...=="NaN" isn't true

Hi, Andrew, Looks like you're reading the data incorrectly. If using ?read.table or the like, try to add a na.strings = c("NA", "NaN") argument. Second, Bert's comment: use ?is.nan, rather than "==". --sundar Andrew Yee said the following on 5/29/2007 3:39 PM: > Okay, it turns out that there w

Re: [R] summing up colum values for unique IDs when multiple ID's exist in data frame

try this: > x <- " IDval + 1 A 0.100 + 2 B 0.001 + 3 C -0.100 + 4 A 0.200 + " > x <- read.table(textConnection(x), header=TRUE) > (z <- tapply(x$val, x$ID, sum)) A B C 0.300 0.001 -0.100 > data.frame(ID=names(z), val=z) IDval A A 0.300 B B 0.001 C C -0.100 >

Re: [R] aggregation of a zoo object

Here is one way of doing it: > time<-c("2000-10-03 14:00:00","2000-10-03 14:10:00","2000-10-03 14:20:00", + "2000-10-03 15:30:00","2000-10-03 16:40:00","2000-10-03 16:50:00", + "2000-10-03 17:00:00","2000-10-03 17:10:00","2000-10-03 17:20:00", + "2000-10-03 18:30:00","2000-10-04 14:00:00","2000-10

[R] control axis

I have an outlier that I would still like to display, but would prefer to shorten the axis. For example, display 0% - 40%, and 90% - 100%. Is this possible? I am using an xyplot. Thanks Murray -- Murray Pung Statistician, Datapharm Australia Pty Ltd 0404 273 283 [[alternative HTML versi

Re: [R] Help with optim

Hi, Unfortunately I don't think it is possible to do exactly what you want, but: If the numbers reported by 'optim' to the console are enough for you, then consider using 'capture.output'. Below I used the example from 'optim' help page, because I could not use yours directly. hth, Michal # -

Re: [R] control axis

On 5/29/07, Murray Pung <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > I have an outlier that I would still like to display, but would prefer to > shorten the axis. For example, display 0% - 40%, and 90% - 100%. Is this > possible? I am using an xyplot. Could you give an example? If you mean xyplot from the lattice

Re: [R] Partially reading a file (particularly)

On 5/29/07, Charles C. Berry <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > On Tue, 29 May 2007, Tobin, Jared wrote: > > > Hello, > > > > I am trying to figure out if there exists some R command that allows one > > to be > > particularly selective when reading a file. I'm dealing with large > > fixed-width data > >

[R] http proxies: setting and unsetting

Hi, I am trying to use R at work and at home on the same computer. At work, I have a proxy, and at home, I do not. I have, for work, a User environment variable "http_proxy" which I set in the OS (Windows XP Pro). When I am at work, and I try to retrieve data from the web with 'read.csv', th

Re: [R] control axis

I have an example below: example <- structure(list( patient = c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6), group = structure(c("active", "active", "active", "a

Re: [R] http proxies: setting and unsetting

Note that Windows XP has 4 types of environment variables and I suspect that the problem stems from not taking that into account: http://www.microsoft.com/technet/scriptcenter/guide/sas_wsh_kmmj.mspx?mfr=true On 5/29/07, [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > Hi, > > I am trying to use R

Re: [R] http proxies: setting and unsetting

Hi Gabor, Thanks for the reply and link. I took a look at the link -- one thing I don't understand is why if I delete the 'http_proxy' variable via the cmd shell (or equivalent OS dialog box), why I can get R to ignore the proxy, but using Sys.setenv("http_proxy"="") won't do that for me (at l

[R] Generating Data using Formulas

Hello, My name is Christian Falde. I am new to R. My problem is this. I am attempting to learn R on my own. In so doing I am using some problems from Davidson and MacKinnon Econometric Theory and Methods to do so. This is because I can already do the some of the problems in SAS so I am

Re: [R] http proxies: setting and unsetting

You can have 4 different http_proxy environment variables and if you set one type but try to unset a different type then that will have no effect on the one you originally set. For example, if you originally set it as a system or user environment variable and then try to unset the process environm

Re: [R] http proxies: setting and unsetting

OK, I think I get that... do you know which namespace the Sys.setenv() function affects? Do you know if there are functions in R that can alter the user/system/process environment variables? Thanks, Matt -Original Message- From: Gabor Grothendieck [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tue 5

[R] Antiguo Mueble Con Tocadiscos Y Radio!

MITTWOCH 30. MAI STARTET DIE HAUSSE! Firma: TALKTECH TELEMEDIA (OYQ.F) Kurzel: WKN: 278-104 (OYQ.F) ISIN: US8742781045 Preis: 0.81 (+50% in 1 tag) 3T Prognose: 3 Overall I believe this to be a good work and worth the money if you wish to be introduced to Windows Workflow Foundation. Singer A Ped

Re: [R] http proxies: setting and unsetting

That was misleading advice. R is a C program and accesses the environment via the C calls getenv and (on Windows) putenv. This is not Windows scripting (Grothendieck's earlier reference): the C runtime maintains only one environment block. I've re-checked, and suspect the problem is in the fo

Re: [R] http proxies: setting and unsetting

On 5/29/07, [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > OK, I think I get that... do you know which namespace the Sys.setenv() > function affects? Do you know if there are functions in R that can alter the > user/system/process environment variables? > Use the R Sys.getenv() command to get t

Re: [R] http proxies: setting and unsetting

One other point. If you find you need to set a system or user environment variable then microsoft has a free tool called setx.exe that you can find here: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/927229 You can do this from within R using system(). On 5/30/07, Gabor Grothendieck <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote

[R] [R-pkgs] new packages psyphy and MLDS

New packages psyphy and MLDS are available on CRAN: psyphy ncludes an assortment of functions useful in analyzing data from pyschophysical experiments. It includes functions for calculating d' from several different experimental designs, links for mafc to be used with the binomial fami