I'm copying this directly from Stack Overflow to see if anyone can help. 
Here is the link to my question on Stack Overflow: 


<goog_622445784>

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/18006056/rspec-error-undefined-method-downcase-for-nilnilclass


I keep getting this error when running my Rspec test and can't figure out 
why. I'm pretty new to Rails (and programming in general) so any direction 
or help would be much appreciated!

Failures:
1) User pages profile page 
 Failure/Error: before { visit user_path(user) }
 ActionView::Template::Error:
   undefined method `downcase' for nil:NilClass
 # ./app/helpers/users_helper.rb:5:in `gravatar_for'
 # ./app/views/users/show.html.erb:3:in 
`_app_views_users_show_html_erb__1766857043046396980_38603940'
 # ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:9:in `block (3 levels) in <top 
(required)>'
2) User pages profile page 
 Failure/Error: before { visit user_path(user) }
 ActionView::Template::Error:
   undefined method `downcase' for nil:NilClass
 # ./app/helpers/users_helper.rb:5:in `gravatar_for'
 # ./app/views/users/show.html.erb:3:in 
`_app_views_users_show_html_erb__1766857043046396980_38603940'
 # ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:9:in `block (3 levels) in <top 
(required)>'
Finished in 0.46129 seconds39 examples, 2 failures
Failed examples:

rspec ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:12 # User pages profile page 
rspec ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:11 # User pages profile page 

I'm in Chapter 7.13 of the Ruby on Rails tutorial. The tests cleared just 
fine until I added the Gravatar code and FactoryGirls Gem.

*/app/helpers/users_helper.rb file*

module UsersHelper

  # Returns the Gravatar (http://gravatar.com/) for the given user.
  def gravatar_for(user)
    gravatar_id = Digest::MD5::hexdigest(user.email.downcase)
    gravatar_url = "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/#{gravatar_id}";
    image_tag(gravatar_url, alt: user.name, class: "gravatar")
  endend

*spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb*

require 'spec_helper'

describe "User pages" do

  subject { page }

  describe "profile page" do
    let(:user) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) }
    before { visit user_path(user) }

    it { should have_content(user.name) }
    it { should have_title(user.name) }
  end...end


*And the last reference: app/views/users/show.html.erb*

<% provide(:title, @user.name) %><h1>
  <%= gravatar_for @user %>
  <%= @user.name %> </h1>


*Here is the factory file:*

FactoryGirl.define do
  factory :user do
    name     "Michael Hartl"
    email    "mich...@example.com"
    password "foobar"
    password_confirmation "foobar"
  endend

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