Whatever happened to ... Radovan Karadzic? 

Iain Hollingshead 
Saturday July 1, 2006
The Guardian 


Slobodan Milosevic died in custody, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi was killed in an air 
raid and Saddam Hussein is on trial. But on July 19, it will be 10 years since 
Radovan Karadzic announced his retirement from politics and disappeared from 
public view.

Karadzic was the psychologist for Red Star Belgrade football team before 
co-founding the Serbian Democratic party in 1990, creating the independent 
Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and installing himself as head of 
state. In 1995, he was indicted along with the Bosnian Serb military leader 
General Ratko Mladic on charges of genocide and crimes against humanity.


Karadzic has led his pursuers a merry dance ever since, managing to publish a 
novel, a play and a book of poems (said to be "as bad in the original as they 
sound in the English translation") while on the run. His movements are known to 
only a handful of close aides, including, allegedly, a Scottish mercenary in 
his forties. The Orthodox church is thought to offer him close protection and 
he remains a hero to many Serbs.
International attempts to track him down have met with little success. In April 
2004, special forces stormed a church building and seriously injured a priest 
and his son.

Neither have attempts to put pressure on Karadzic's family borne any fruit. In 
March 2003, his mother, Jovanka, appealed publicly for him to surrender. In 
July 2005, his son, Aleksandar, was arrested on suspicion of helping his father 
but released after 10 days. Later the same month, Karadzic's wife, Liljana, 
went on television and appealed with "all my heart and soul" for him to 
surrender. "I had to choose between loyalty to you and loyalty to our children 
and grandchildren," she said.

The death of Milosevic in March led to renewed hopes that the noose might 
tighten around Karadzic. Instead, the emphasis seems to have shifted to his 
former military leader, Mladic, whose capture some observers think would be 
more cathartic for the country. In May, the EU called off talks with Serbia 
over closer ties because of its failure to hand over the general. "He is almost 
certainly being protected by the Yugoslav People's Army," says Charles Grant, 
the director of the Centre for European Reform.

Karadzic is thought to be in the remote mountains of north-west Montenegro, 
near his home town of Niksic. "We are doing everything we can to find him," 
says Lieutenant Commander Karen Halsey, spokeswoman for EU Force in Bosnia and 
Herzegovina. "We would love to see him behind bars."

Yet conspiracy theories abound as to why he continues to evade capture. Some 
blame a sympathetic French tip-off for alerting him to a Nato raid. Some say he 
knows too many secrets. Others suggest he made some kind of immunity deal at 
the Dayton Peace Accords. "It is possible that he was given to believe that in 
1995," says Brendan Simms, a Balkan expert and fellow in history at Peterhouse, 
Cambridge. "But I'd be amazed if there was any kind of specific deal."

Frustration at the lack of progress continues to mount at the international 
criminal tribunal in the Hague. "You're writing an article about Karadzic? 
Fantastic. Do you know where he is?" jokes a spokesman for the office of the 
prosecutor. "No one is telling us anything," he continues, more seriously. "We 
have no idea where he might be. But we have to stay optimistic, or we will go 
mad."

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