errors.add(ActionErrors.GLOBAL_ERROR, new ActionError("view.construction.error", e.getMessage())); in the application.properties you should have: view.construction.error=<li>Could not construct view because: {0}</li> e.getMessage() is substituted instead of {0} -----Original Message----- From: Darryl To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: 5/4/01 7:18 AM Subject: Dynamic Error Messages I can't figure out how to return dynamic error messages in the ActionErrors collection. In other words, if an exception is thrown in an Action object, I want to use the e.getMessage() to get the message description and use that to populate an ActionError. The ActionError class doesn't seem to have a constructor that supports this. Help! - Darryl