texascavers Digest 13 Oct 2010 07:39:23 -0000 Issue 1167
Topics (messages 16276 through 16298):
Texas Cavers Reunion 2010!
16276 by: Allan Cobb
TSS work session
16277 by: Ron Ralph
Date correction
16278 by: Ron Ralph
Second correcton
16279 by: Ron Ralph
TCR 2010 --Correction for Directions to TCR
16280 by: Allan Cobb
French cave diver drowns
16281 by: David
October NSS News
16282 by: David
Saturday Night dinner at TCR... Help needed!
16283 by: Stefan Creaser
back issues of The Texas Caver at TCR
16284 by: Logan McNatt
16285 by: Mark.Alman.L-3com.com
IMPORTANT CHANGE Texas Cavers Reunion -- After Hours Arrival
16286 by: Allan Cobb
WNS makes the financial news
16287 by: germanyj.aol.com
More TCR cook help!
16288 by: Stefan Creaser
16289 by: Stefan Creaser
The Chilean mine rescue
16290 by: David
16295 by: SS
Chilean Miner Rescue happening right now
16291 by: Logan McNatt
16293 by: Brian Riordan
16294 by: David
16296 by: Antonio AA
16297 by: Fofo
Re: TCMA fundraiser
16292 by: Geary Schindel
Cave gates saving bats :
16298 by: JerryAtkin.aol.com
Administrivia:
To subscribe to the digest, e-mail:
<texascavers-digest-subscr...@texascavers.com>
To unsubscribe from the digest, e-mail:
<texascavers-digest-unsubscr...@texascavers.com>
To post to the list, e-mail:
<texascavers@texascavers.com>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
--- Begin Message ---
Howdy y'all
TCR will be at Hidden Falls Adventure Park
(http://www.hiddenfallsadventurepark.com ) 5 miles east of Marble Falls on
FM1431 THIS WEEKEND!
Come on out and enjoy all the usual fun and activities.
The hot tub and sauna will be up and running Friday and Saturday nights.
Friday night, the Bexar Grotto is be having a Fish Fry available for a small
donation.
Stefan and the cooks are planning some great food got Saturday night!
Saturday night, we have a bunch of great door prizes and we will have live
music from the Terminal Syphons.
If you aren't there, you will miss ALL the fun!
Information about TCR is available at www.oztotl.com/tcr, t...@oztotl.com, or
by phone at 210-338-0TCR.
See y'all there,
Allan
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
Cavers,
There is a scheduled second Wednesday work session of the Texas
Speleological Survey August 11th at the JJ Pickle Research Center on Burnet
Road north of highway 183. We will continue working files and maybe scan and
clean a few regular sized maps. This will be the last meeting before TCR and
a chance to pack those last items for sale and display.
Both publication sales and the library will be open. The door will be open
at 5:00 p.m. and stay open till we adjourn. The TSS office phone has been
removed so if you get lost or stopped by the guard, call me or someone you
think might be there. Remember it is best to arrive before 6:00 pm, or the
gate guards might not let you in! If you have questions or problems, please
contact me at <mailto:ronra...@austin.rr.com> ronra...@austin.rr.com or the
office manager, Jim Kennedy. Please go to
<http://www.utexas.edu/tmm/sponsored_sites/tss/tsscalendar.htm>
http://www.utexas.edu/tmm/sponsored_sites/tss/tsscalendar.htm for additional
information.
Ron Ralph
Cell: 797-3817
Map to the place is at: http://www.utexas.edu/maps/prc/ On PRC map 2 ("NW
Area"), 18-A is the little building just above the "ra" in "Granberry". Park
to the south in the PETEX lot across the street (Read Granberry Trail) from
building 18-A
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
Cavers,
Make that September 13 for the TSS work session.
Ron
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
Cavers,
Or was that October 13th? Too much else going on.
Ron
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
Howdy y'all,
It was pointed out to me that there is a small mistake in the directions.
That is what I get for copying and pasting straight from the Hidden Falls
website!
The site is located east of Marble Falls on FM 1431. If you are coming up
281 from San Antonio, you will turn EAST or RIGHT onto 1431. IF you follow
the map, you will do fine!
See y'all there...
Allan
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
The body of Eric Establie was found today.
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
This month's issue features a lot of articles pertaining to CaveTex
readers.
On page 2 is a very nice black & white photo of Joe Datri on rope,
taken by Dr. Jean Krejca.
Next, is a 7 page article by Dr. Mark Minton including photos and a nice
profile map of Sistema Los Toros. Photos feature Dr. Minton,
Yvonne Droms, Charles Fromen, Bill Steele, Dr. Diana Tomchick, and
others along with some interesting speleothems.
The next article features a trip to J2 and a photo of Dr. Bill Stone.
The 3rd article written by Ellie Watson, featuring Geoff Hoese,
Joe Datri, FoFo Gonzalez, and others, about a trip last
May to several deep pits that had not yet been mapped
in the Sierra Santa Rosa.
A 4th article by Geary Schindel and David Ochel was about
a rescue class held at Colorado Bend State Park and featured
lots of recognizable names like Gary Franklin, Andy Zenker,
Dr. Jean Krejca, Jim Kennedy, with instruction by Becky Jones.
I didn't see any mention of TCR, but I guess if you didn't know
about it by now, you probably were not going anyway.
The photo of the formation identified as "beleminite,"
has one to many "i's," meaning it should be "belemnite."
That is a fossil of a squid-like creature. It is labeled
correctly in the article, and I presume on the map where
they describe "Belemnite Pit."
The font seems to be a little small, especially on the map,
so you may need a magnifying glass to see all the details.
In summary, it is a must read for a caver in Texas, or anyone
wanting to stay up to date on explorations in Mexico.
It looks like several Texas cavers have been busy underground.
Please feel free to correct me on any of the above.
David Locklear
NSS # 27639
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
Hi All TCR attendees...
We have planned the feast for Saturday night and all the cooks are ready...
However, to make this happen we'll need some help on Saturday getting things
chopped up and prepared and a few pots will need stir-ing.
If you have an hour-or-so spare on Saturday feel free to drop in and lend a
hand, we'll appreciate it!
We'll also need a bit of help serving all you hungry folks so, again, drop by
during the day and sign up and we'll tell you what we need and when :-)
Cheers,
Stefan (and the rest of the cooks!)
-- IMPORTANT NOTICE: The contents of this email and any attachments are
confidential and may also be privileged. If you are not the intended recipient,
please notify the sender immediately and do not disclose the contents to any
other person, use it for any purpose, or store or copy the information in any
medium. Thank you.
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
A reminder that TSA will be selling a CD for $10 with many issues of The Texas
Caver. A great deal!
Printed issues will also be available (not the early years, but most issues from 1969 on). This is a good opportunity for those of you who have
printed collections and want to fill in some of the gaps. Of course that means you will need to dust off your collection to see what issues you
are missing. Go to the TSA website, click on Services, Online Store, Back Issues of The Texas Caver to see a spreadsheet of all the issues
that were printed from 1963 to 2005, and those that are still available. Print a copy and bring it with you.
Take a few minutes to stop by and browse. You will be amazed at the amount of information in the back issues, including maps, photos, articles
on discoveries of some of the major caves in Texas (and Mexico), and much more! Marvel at what it was like to cave in ancient times, before
there was color, when the world was only black and white, and caves were illuminated by carbide lamps.
A great Christmas present for that special caver(s) in your life!
Logan
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
Thanks, Logan.
Yes, please buy the back issues that we will have at TCR. TSA can always use
the money and Logan needs the room in his garage!
As for The TEXAS CAVER CD, I have decided to refrain from selling this right
now, as it is no where near as complete as I would have liked it.
George Veni and I are working with the Karst Information Portal folks to get
all of the missing issues scanned and formatted, including issues going back
over
50 years.
I would like to include these.
Past editors, like Don Arburn, have been very helpful in sending me pdf's of
all the issues that they worked on and these will be included on the CD and
uploaded
to the TSA website, as well.
Other editors, despite repeated requests, emails, promises, and pleading from
me have been less forthcoming with their issues, hence the scanning the KIP
folks will be doing for us.
I hope to have the CD, as complete as humanly possible, available at the TSA
Convention in April.
Thanks and see y'all at TCR!
Mark
________________________________
From: Logan McNatt [mailto:lmcn...@austin.rr.com]
Sent: Mon 10/11/2010 10:51 PM
To: Texascavers
Subject: [Texascavers] back issues of The Texas Caver at TCR
A reminder that TSA will be selling a CD for $10 with many issues of The
Texas Caver. A great deal!
Printed issues will also be available (not the early years, but most issues
from 1969 on). This is a good opportunity for those of you who have
printed collections and want to fill in some of the gaps. Of course that means
you will need to dust off your collection to see what issues you
are missing. Go to the TSA website, click on Services, Online Store, Back
Issues of The Texas Caver to see a spreadsheet of all the issues
that were printed from 1963 to 2005, and those that are still available. Print
a copy and bring it with you.
Take a few minutes to stop by and browse. You will be amazed at the amount of
information in the back issues, including maps, photos, articles
on discoveries of some of the major caves in Texas (and Mexico), and much more!
Marvel at what it was like to cave in ancient times, before
there was color, when the world was only black and white, and caves were
illuminated by carbide lamps.
A great Christmas present for that special caver(s) in your life!
Logan
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Visit our website: http://texascavers.com <http://texascavers.com/>
To unsubscribe, e-mail: texascavers-unsubscr...@texascavers.com
For additional commands, e-mail: texascavers-h...@texascavers.com
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
Howdy y'all,
Sorry about this but there has been a change to the after hours arrival
procedure. I cannot get the gate code until Thursday. I will post it here
and it will be on the website (www.oztotl.com/tcr) as soon as I get it. You
can also email t...@oztotl.com or call 210-338-0TCR on Thursday or Friday.
You will only need this information if you plan to arrive in the wee hours
of the morning.
Thanks and see y'all there,
Allan
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
An 'Unprecedented' Bat Die-Off Could Devastate U.S. Agriculture
http://www.dailyfinance.com/story/bat-die-off-could-devastate-us-agriculture/19669951/
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
Hi All,
I need to tow the cooks trailer AND my BBQ pit out to the TCR site on Friday
from central Austin. Logistically that's a bit of a problem for me ;-)
I *do* have one tentative offer to take the pit out later on Friday (thanks
Matt!), but would like to see if anyone is going out there earlier so that I
can start the fire and get cookin' before it gets too late.
Offer please; and we'll look at getting you to the front of the food line ;-)
Cheers,
Stefan
-- IMPORTANT NOTICE: The contents of this email and any attachments are
confidential and may also be privileged. If you are not the intended recipient,
please notify the sender immediately and do not disclose the contents to any
other person, use it for any purpose, or store or copy the information in any
medium. Thank you.
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
All,
I now have haulers to and from the TCR site; thanks Ron Ralph and Matt Turner!
Cheers,
Stefan
From: Stefan Creaser [mailto:stefan.crea...@arm.com]
Sent: Tuesday, October 12, 2010 12:24 PM
To: texascavers@texascavers.com
Subject: [Texascavers] More TCR cook help!
Hi All,
I need to tow the cooks trailer AND my BBQ pit out to the TCR site on Friday
from central Austin. Logistically that's a bit of a problem for me ;-)
I *do* have one tentative offer to take the pit out later on Friday (thanks
Matt!), but would like to see if anyone is going out there earlier so that I
can start the fire and get cookin' before it gets too late.
Offer please; and we'll look at getting you to the front of the food line ;-)
Cheers,
Stefan
-- IMPORTANT NOTICE: The contents of this email and any attachments are
confidential and may also be privileged. If you are not the intended recipient,
please notify the sender immediately and do not disclose the contents to any
other person, use it for any purpose, or store or copy the information in any
medium. Thank you.
-- IMPORTANT NOTICE: The contents of this email and any attachments are
confidential and may also be privileged. If you are not the intended recipient,
please notify the sender immediately and do not disclose the contents to any
other person, use it for any purpose, or store or copy the information in any
medium. Thank you.
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
I am posting this because the rescue is potentially related to
building a cave entrance for a deep cave.
Please delete this if you are not interested in the topic.
By the time you read this, at least one of the miners should be out.
Univision plans to show live coverage of the mine rescue for probably
the rest of the night,
and tomorrow.
If you tune in now, you will see technicians gerry-rigging a temporary
pulley near the top of the shaft to try
to stop some of the wobble in their system. I bet the cable
wobbles and rubs the rock shaft a lot more
at 800 to 1000 feet as the capsule hangs below at 2000 feet deep and
is spinning around.
One report says the capsule will spin 15 times on its way out.
It makes you admire the engineering at the Honeycreek Shaft. The
Chilean system goes straight from
the top pulley across a field where there is a giant winch with 2000
feet of steel cable. The cable looks
to be an inch in diameter.
Here is a recent picture of the capsule:
http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/media/ALeqM5gZlZEJmq2euuKhZ6-iOqF1YjQbIQ?docId=e492b4ff-c4ed-45f6-b93f-e9ca017ffc6b&size=l
Since they have done 4 test runs, they should be able to anticipate
any problems. The victims will
have oxygen mask which is a good idea. Also, one report said they
would be wearing special nylon
overalls.
One concern I have is that since the shaft is not vertical, the
capsule will be grinding the whole way along
the bottom side of the rock shaft. That is going to be loud, and
maybe sparks flying. I don't like the grating
covering the miner at all.
Also, since the shaft is not vertical the cable is going to rub on the
rock, because the weight of the cable
will be stretched out for 2000 feet. This rub point should move
down the cable as the capsule rises, so
that not the same spot in the cable is receiving abrasion. At
some depth the cable should not rub.
Maybe the capsule weighs enough to pull the slack out of the cable at
2000 feet?
The tie-off point on the capsule has to be able to support part of the
weight of a 2000 foot x 1 inch steel cable, along with all the
dynamic forces of the jerking of the capsule. I bet some sophomore
engineering mechanic classes
get that as a test question this semester. Since the capsule is
spinning 360 degrees, there has to be
reinforcement in all directions. I only see 4 reinforcements at 90
degrees each Fortunately, the angle is not
severe enough to cause an obvious problem.
One report said only 300 feet of the rock shaft is lined. Is that
going to be enough?
There seem to be a lot of technicians on the ground help the head honcho.
And there is quite an audience there.
It is kind of like what the Floyd Collins rescue would have been like.
David Locklear
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
I'm sure no less than 100 mining and mechanical engineers along with aid
from NASA looked at the design of the system..
But since NASA's budget was redirected to promote good will toward Muslims
all they could come up with was the pulley held by the Wal-Mart cargo strap.
-----Original Message-----
From: David [mailto:dlocklea...@gmail.com]
Sent: Tuesday, October 12, 2010 8:30 PM
To: Cavers Texas
Subject: [Texascavers] The Chilean mine rescue
I am posting this because the rescue is potentially related to
building a cave entrance for a deep cave.
Please delete this if you are not interested in the topic.
By the time you read this, at least one of the miners should be out.
Univision plans to show live coverage of the mine rescue for probably
the rest of the night,
and tomorrow.
If you tune in now, you will see technicians gerry-rigging a temporary
pulley near the top of the shaft to try
to stop some of the wobble in their system. I bet the cable
wobbles and rubs the rock shaft a lot more
at 800 to 1000 feet as the capsule hangs below at 2000 feet deep and
is spinning around.
One report says the capsule will spin 15 times on its way out.
It makes you admire the engineering at the Honeycreek Shaft. The
Chilean system goes straight from
the top pulley across a field where there is a giant winch with 2000
feet of steel cable. The cable looks
to be an inch in diameter.
Here is a recent picture of the capsule:
http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/media/ALeqM5gZlZEJmq2euuKhZ6-iOqF1YjQbIQ
?docId=e492b4ff-c4ed-45f6-b93f-e9ca017ffc6b&size=l
Since they have done 4 test runs, they should be able to anticipate
any problems. The victims will
have oxygen mask which is a good idea. Also, one report said they
would be wearing special nylon
overalls.
One concern I have is that since the shaft is not vertical, the
capsule will be grinding the whole way along
the bottom side of the rock shaft. That is going to be loud, and
maybe sparks flying. I don't like the grating
covering the miner at all.
Also, since the shaft is not vertical the cable is going to rub on the
rock, because the weight of the cable
will be stretched out for 2000 feet. This rub point should move
down the cable as the capsule rises, so
that not the same spot in the cable is receiving abrasion. At
some depth the cable should not rub.
Maybe the capsule weighs enough to pull the slack out of the cable at
2000 feet?
The tie-off point on the capsule has to be able to support part of the
weight of a 2000 foot x 1 inch steel cable, along with all the
dynamic forces of the jerking of the capsule. I bet some sophomore
engineering mechanic classes
get that as a test question this semester. Since the capsule is
spinning 360 degrees, there has to be
reinforcement in all directions. I only see 4 reinforcements at 90
degrees each Fortunately, the angle is not
severe enough to cause an obvious problem.
One report said only 300 feet of the rock shaft is lined. Is that
going to be enough?
There seem to be a lot of technicians on the ground help the head honcho.
And there is quite an audience there.
It is kind of like what the Floyd Collins rescue would have been like.
David Locklear
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Visit our website: http://texascavers.com
To unsubscribe, e-mail: texascavers-unsubscr...@texascavers.com
For additional commands, e-mail: texascavers-h...@texascavers.com
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
The first miner is being lifted out right now. Dramatic live coverage on the
cable news networks CNN, Fox, etc.
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
Video of the first miner rescued here:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GR8mTntp5Jw
On Tue, Oct 12, 2010 at 10:01 PM, Logan McNatt <lmcn...@austin.rr.com>wrote:
> The first miner is being lifted out right now. Dramatic live coverage on
> the cable news networks CNN, Fox, etc.
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
> Visit our website: http://texascavers.com
> To unsubscribe, e-mail: texascavers-unsubscr...@texascavers.com
> For additional commands, e-mail: texascavers-h...@texascavers.com
>
>
--
Brian Riordan
979-218-8009 (Mobile)
riordan.br...@gmail.com
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
The 2nd paramedic going down was wearing an Energizer headlamp:
http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/61b59gq1OHL._AA1000_.jpg
I have not seen the model before that the 1st miner out was wearing.
It was not
a retail headlamp. Probably some kind of mining headlamp.
The 1st paramedic had a Petzl Myo XP.
Most of the rescuers around the shaft have standard mining headlamps, and
a few have cheap retail headlamps. I think I saw a Petzl Duo in the group.
Of course there is plenty of industrial lighting around the shaft.
Each rider gets ear plugs and also industrial ear muffs, and eye
protection glasses, and helmet of course. There is some kind
of webbing harness that they squat in so that the weight is distributed,
and they are not having to stand. That sounds like a good idea.
There was a problem with the door to the capsule and they had to
bend it slightly in order to get it to close, before the 2nd paramedic
could go down.
Carrying the miner out on a stretcher for 100 feet to the clinic bed
seemed kind of silly.
The 2nd paramedic just bottomed the shaft.
David Locklear
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
> > ... and eye protection glasses, and helmet of course...
>
> David Locklear
wonder if those eyes protection glasses, are Oakley ones?
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
Antonio AA wrote, on 12/10/10 22:13 :
wonder if those eyes protection glasses, are Oakley ones?
They do look cool!
And everyone has nice clean uniforms too.
As the NY Times puts it, "The operation has become a made-for-television
event, with the Chilean government offering a free, live satellite feed
of the rescue."
And it is totally entrancing, captivating, mesmerizing, fascinating...
(but I won't bore you with more words from the Thesaurus). And I'm
really glad that so far the outcome has been so good.
Take care,
- Fofo
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
Forwarded at the request of Jill Orr.
Geary
From: Jill Orr [mailto:jor...@hotmail.com]
Sent: Tuesday, October 12, 2010 10:19 PM
To: Geary Schindel
Subject: TCMA fundraiser
Fundraiser Reminder
TCMA is hosting our annual yard sale fundraiser
at the 2010 TCR,
and we are asking for your donations of unwanted items.
The yard sale will run all day Saturday and
items can be dropped off any time Friday or Saturday.
Both caving and non caving items are welcome;
we only ask that they are in good shape and working condition.
All proceeds go to the managament and acquisition of Texas Caves for Texas
Cavers!
THANK YOU AND SEE YOU THERE!
Jill Orr
TCMA Fundraising Chair
--- End Message ---
--- Begin Message ---
Cave gates saving bats
By Anne Paine, The Tennessean
Monday October 11, 2010
NASHVILLE, Tenn.
Kristen Bobo spent her off-time caving and her work hours as a seamstress
until disaster struck. Vandals entered a cave she managed in Fentress County
and killed dozens of the endangered bats inside. The shock sent her down a
new path in life, one that required welding.
She is among a band of specialists busy around the nation today building
steel gates that control the public's access to caves and mines to protect
people, bats and the remnants of other ages.
Bobo just finished re-gating one of Tennessee's most sensitive sites, Big
Bone Cave near Rock Island State Park, this summer.
"All it would take is one person going in there and building a fire and
destroying all that history," said Bobo, 40, of Cookeville.
The site, part of a state natural area, earned its name from the discovery
of the prehistoric bones of a giant ground sloth found there in 1811 and
taken to the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia.
In its more than six miles of tunnels, cavers in 1971 came across the
ancient bones of a jaguar that remain there along with Native American
artifacts
and pieces of a saltpeter mine from the War of 1812 and the Civil War.
Some items have been destroyed or taken by souvenir- grabbing visitors, but
wooden water pipes, vats used to dissolve nitrates from the cave earth for
the production of black powder for weapons and other finds are still
there, said caver Richard Finch, a retired Tennessee Tech professor and a
member
of the Tennessee Parks and Greenways Foundation advisory board.
The foundation raised about $9,000, and the state gave $5,000 for the steel
to lock off the cave that is a national natural landmark. The intention is
to retain what wasn't harmed before the first gate was put up about 30
years ago, or since folks figured out it could be breached.
Much has been learned since that early structure erected by Roy Powers, an
engineer who has been dubbed the "father of cave gating."
That includes the need for vandal-proof, reinforced steel and openings that
are right for bats.
"At Big Bone Cave, you could pick up a rock and bang on it and get a bar
out of it if you were patient enough," said Powers, 71, of Lee County, Va.
Powers, who taught Bobo and many others the trade, has built more than 300
cave gates, making improvements and sharing information leading to a U. S.
Fish and Wildlife Service- approved design. "Certain bats wouldn't accept
the cave gates," Powers said. "We had to figure out why."
Designs have been put through wind tunnels and other tests and should not
alter a cave's airflow or climate.
"Change by one degree can make a cave non- desirable for bats," said Chris
Clark, with the American Cave Conservation Association in Horse Cave, Ky.
The association formed in the 1980s after alarm grew at the increasing
broken formations and spray-painting of caves, and now provides cave gating
services.
In 2000, Bobo was earning her living as a seamstress in Cookeville, making
children's clothes and bridal gowns, when she became manager of nearby Wolf
River Cave.
The caving community has such volunteer positions to help private property
owners who can't police caves on their land.
Bobo was staggered one day to find about 50 endangered Indiana bats killed
on purpose in "her" cave.
The federal wildlife service, which oversees endangered species, funded
Powers and an assistant to close the opening, and Bobo followed them for a
summer, learning as they built.
"I really appreciated what they were doing," she said.
She signed up at Tennessee Technology Center in Livingston to study
welding. She was the only woman in the program. Welding proved the easier
part. It
takes a lot of math to get a gate right.
"You don't want to create eddies in the air," she said. "A bad gate will
run out the bat colony, if not kill them outright."
It could keep bats from coming back, for instance, to hibernate in winter.
Poorly aligned bars can also result in some dying if a large population is
trying to leave through an opening that's not big enough. In the summer,
cave-dwelling bats leave every night to feed.
Night goggles are used to see which way bats are flying out of a cave
before a chute is built as part of the gate.
Gating of Wolf River Cave resulted in a jump in the number of bats there,
with thousands showing up the next season, she said.
The gates can be massive, 50 feet across, and the caves, often in woods,
have sometimes required the bars to be flown in by helicopters, brought in by
four-wheelers, dragged by mules, hauled with pulleys or carried by willing
folks.
Gate building, which has been steady in Tennessee and other Southeastern
states heavy in limestone caverns, has more recently jumped in the West.
_http://www.reformer.com/health/ci_16309853?source=rss_
(http://www.reformer.com/health/ci_16309853?source=rss)
--- End Message ---
