This is the expected behavior. The samples are not simply saved into the
buffer, but they are added to the samples already in the buffer. For every
chirp, this additive recording starts from the beginning of the buffer and
stops after 850 samples (or whatever your buffer size is). After all the
16 chirps are received, what you should see in the buffer is the
samplewise sum of these chirps, which should look like some silence in the
beginning, then a big peak, followed by some smaller peaks which should be
discarded. The position of the first big peak should carry the information
on the distance.



There is a technical report that explains how it works:

http://www.isis.vanderbilt.edu/publications/archive/Sallai_J_2_25_2004_Aco
ustic_R.pdf



Janos



-----Original Message-----
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Muhammad
Azhar
Sent: Tuesday, December 11, 2007 8:16 PM
To: tinyos-help@millennium.berkeley.edu
Subject: [Tinyos-help] Acoustic Ranging: Not getting 16 samples within
oneset of 16 chirps



Hi all,

   I'm currently working on Vanderbilt's acoustic localization module.
>From my understanding, this is how it works:

1) Actuator sends a radio message to sensor to inform sensor to "get
ready" to receive the 16 chirps including the silence period (chirps are
constant duration, silence period following each chirp is varied).
2) There is a start-up delay for the mic to receive the chirps.
3) The sound is emitted at the same time as the radio message (but due to
the much slower speed of sound, the sensor receives the radio message
first before receiving the sound).
4) In AcousticMultiSamplerM.nc, upon each Timer.fired() event (i.e. for
each specific chirp + silence period), it will call
MicADC.getContinuousData().
5) Each time the data is ready, it will then signal dataReady() in
OutsideRangingSensorM, which will then be stored to the 850 samples in the
buffer.  Once 850 samples have been filled in the buffer, the sampler will
ignore any more data and wait for the next chirp + silence period to
arrive.  (Thus for each chirp + silence period, the data would then be
added to the specific "sequence" in the buffer - i.e. we would expect the
peak to appear somewhere below 200 (sequence number) in the array for
short distances).
6) A moving average function is then carried out.  (I left out the peak
detection process as I wanted to see the "raw" data of the 850 samples
that was filled).

   However, in my case, I realised that in step (5), my ADC does not
sample at the required rate - hence, I'm not getting 16 samples at the
sensor side (if I wasn't mistaken, 3 sequences of chirp + silence period
were required to fill up the 850 size of the buffer).  My actuator is able
to emit the 16 chirps as required.  Thus, I really do not know what is
wrong as I'm using the specific micaz folder done by VU which contains a
different timer from the default timer.  I have renamed the default micaz
folder to micaz2, so that the micaz will now "point" to the micaz folder
for acoustic localization.  Also, based on the diagram generated by typing
"make docs micaz", it seems that my timer is wired appropriately to the
"special" timer for acoustic localization.
   When I included PFLAGS += -v in my Makefile, this was what I got (no
compilation errors):

************** <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]>  /opt/tinyos-1.x/apps/local
$ make micaz
/opt/tinyos-1.x/tools/make/Makerules:9: 'XNP defined, adding on XNP
library'
mkdir -p build/micaz
    compiling AcousticLocalizationC to a micaz binary
ncc -o build/micaz/main.exe -Os -I%T/lib/ARanging -v -I%T/lib/XNP
-finline-limit
=100000 -Wall -Wshadow -DDEF_TOS_AM_GROUP=0x7d -Wnesc-all -target=micaz
-fnesc-c
file=build/micaz/app.c -board=micasb -DTOSH_DATA_LENGTH=100
-DIDENT_PROGRAM_NAME
="AcousticL"
-DIDENT_PROGRAM_NAME_BYTES="65,99,111,117,115,116,105,99,76,0" -DID
ENT_USER_HASH=0x1d1a923dL -DIDENT_UNIX_TIME=0x475f35efL
-I/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/li
b/CC2420Radio AcousticLocalizationC.nc -lm
nescc -DPLATFORM_MICAZ -DBOARD_MICASB -fnesc-include=tos
-topdir=/opt/tinyos-1.x
 -o build/micaz/main.exe -Os -v -finline-limit=100000 -Wall -Wshadow
-DDEF_TOS_A
M_GROUP=0x7d -Wnesc-all -fnesc-cfile=build/micaz/app.c -DTOSH_DAT!
A_LENGTH=100 -D
IDENT_PROGRAM_NAME=AcousticL
-DIDENT_PROGRAM_NAME_BYTES=65,99,111,117,115,116,10
5,99,76,0 -DIDENT_USER_HASH=0x1d1a923dL -DIDENT_UNIX_TIME=0x475f35efL
AcousticLo
calizationC.nc -lm -gcc=avr-gcc -mmcu=atmega128 -fnesc-target=avr
-fnesc-no-debu
g -mingw-gcc -I/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/ARanging
-I/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/XNP -I
/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/CC2420Radio
-I/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/sensorboards/micasb -I
/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/platform/micaz -I/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/platform/mica2
-I/opt/t
inyos-1.x/tos/platform/mica128 -I/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/platform/mica
-I/opt/tinyos
-1.x/tos/platform/avrmote -I/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/interfaces
-I/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos
/types -I/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/system
avr-gcc -specs=C:\tinyos\cygwin\usr\local\lib\ncc\tdspecs -DPLATFORM_MICAZ
-DBOA
RD_MICASB -_fnesc-include=tos -obuild\micaz\main.exe -Os -v
-finline-limit=10000
0 -Wall -Wshadow -DDEF_TOS_AM_GROUP=0x7d -_Wnesc-all
-_fnesc-cfile=build/micaz/a
pp.c -! DTOSH_DATA_LENGTH=100 -DIDENT_PROGRAM_NAME=AcousticL
-DIDENT_PROGRAM_N AME_
BYTES=65,99,111,117,115,116,105,99,76,0 -DIDENT_USER_HASH=0x1d1a923dL
-DIDENT_UN
IX_TIME=0x475f35efL AcousticLocalizationC.nc -lm -mmcu=atmega128
-_fnesc-target=
avr -_fnesc-no-debug -IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\ARanging
-IC:\tin
yos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\XNP
-IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\
CC2420Radio -IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\sensorboards\micasb
-IC:\tinyo
s\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\micaz
-IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos
\platform\mica2 -IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\mica128
-IC:\tiny
os\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\mica
-IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos
\platform\avrmote -IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\interfaces
-IC:\tinyos\c
ygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\types
-IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\system -DNE
SC=110
Reading specs from /usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/avr/3.3-tinyos/specs
Reading specs from C:\tinyos\cygwin\usr\local\lib\ncc\tdspecs
! Configured with: ./configure --target=avr --disable-nls
Thread model: single
gcc version 3.3-tinyos
 perl -S nesc-compile -_fnesc-include=tos -_Wnesc-all
-_fnesc-cfile=build/micaz/
app.c -_fnesc-target=avr -_fnesc-no-debug -mmcu=atmega128 -DPLATFORM_MICAZ
-DBOA
RD_MICASB -DDEF_TOS_AM_GROUP=0x7d -DTOSH_DATA_LENGTH=100
-DIDENT_PROGRAM_NAME=Ac
ousticL -DIDENT_PROGRAM_NAME_BYTES=65,99,111,117,115,116,105,99,76,0
-DIDENT_USE
R_HASH=0x1d1a923dL -DIDENT_UNIX_TIME=0x475f35efL -DNESC=110
-IC:\tinyos\cygwin\o
pt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\ARanging
-IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\XNP -IC
:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\CC2420Radio
-IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos
-1.x\tos\sensorboards\micasb
-IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\mica
z -IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\mica2
-IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\ti
nyos-1.x\tos\platform\mica128
-IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\mic
a -IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.! x\tos\platform\avrmote
-IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\
tinyos-1.x\tos\inter faces -IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\types
-IC:\tinyo
s\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\system -Os -Wall -Wshadow -v
-finline-limit=100000 -
o /cygdrive/c/DOCUME~1/SCE07-~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/ccYJ3Yx4.o
AcousticLocalizationC.n
c
nesc1 -_fnesc-include=tos -_Wnesc-all -_fnesc-target=avr -_fnesc-no-debug
-mmcu=
atmega128 -DPLATFORM_MICAZ -DBOARD_MICASB -DDEF_TOS_AM_GROUP=0x7d
-DTOSH_DATA_LE
NGTH=100 -DIDENT_PROGRAM_NAME=AcousticL
-DIDENT_PROGRAM_NAME_BYTES=65,99,111,117
,115,116,105,99,76,0 -DIDENT_USER_HASH=0x1d1a923dL
-DIDENT_UNIX_TIME=0x475f35efL
 -DNESC=110 -IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\ARanging
-IC:\tinyos\cygwi
n\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\XNP
-IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\CC2420Rad
io -IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\sensorboards\micasb
-IC:\tinyos\cygwin\
opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\micaz
-IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform
\mica2 -IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\mica128
-IC:\tinyos\c! ygwin
\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\mica
-IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform
\avrmote -IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\interfaces
-IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt
\tinyos-1.x\tos\types -IC:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\system -Wall
-Wshado
w -v -finline-limit=100000 AcousticLocalizationC.nc -o build/micaz/app.c
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\system/tos.h
preprocessing AcousticLocalizationC.nc
preprocessing RangeMsg.h
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\system/Main.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\interfaces/StdControl.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\system/RealMain.nc
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preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\system/PotC.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\system/PotM.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\interfaces/HPLPot.nc
preprocessing C:!
\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\mica2/HPLPotC.nc
preproc essing
C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\avrmote/HPLInit.nc
preprocessing AcousticLocalizationM.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\interfaces/Leds.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\interfaces/Random.nc
preprocessing
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nsor.nc
preprocessing
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tuator.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\interfaces/SendMsg.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\micaz/AM.h
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\ARanging/Timer.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\ARanging/Timer.h
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\XNP/Xnp.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\system/GenericComm.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\interfaces/ReceiveMsg.nc
preprocessing C:\! tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\system/AMStandard.nc
preprocessing
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preprocessing
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preprocessing
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.nc
preprocessing
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c
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preprocessing
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preprocessing
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preprocessing
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preprocessing
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c
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preprocessing
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preprocessing
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nc
preprocessing
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rupt.nc
preprocessing
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re.nc
preprocessing
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c.nc
preprocessing
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.nc
preprocessing
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c
preprocessing
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preprocessing
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preprocessing C:\tinyos!
\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\micaz/HPLCC2420FIFOM.
nc
preprocessing
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uptM.nc
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C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\micaz/Clock16.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\ARanging/Clock.h
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\ARanging/TimerC.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\ARanging/TimerM.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\ARanging/Clock.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\ARanging/ClockC.nc
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C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\ARanging/LocalTime.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\ARanging/ClockM.nc
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preprocessing
C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\micaz/TimerJiffyAsync
C.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\!
platform\micaz/TimerJiffyAsync
M.nc
preprocessing
C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\micaz/HPLTimer2C.nc
preprocessing
C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\micaz/HPLTimer2.nc
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preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\avrmote/crc.h
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C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\interfaces/TokenReceiveMsg.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\interfaces/ByteComm.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\system/FramerAckM.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\system/UART.nc
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preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\interfaces/HPLUART.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt!
\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\mica2/HPLUARTC.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\
cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\mica2/HPLUART0M.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\system/NoLeds.nc
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entM.nc
preprocessing
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sorC.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\ARanging/BeaconMsg.h
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\lib\ARanging/DMsg.h
preprocessing
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preprocessing
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sorM.nc
preprocessing
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ler.nc
preprocessing
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lerC.nc
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lerM.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\interfaces/AD! C.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\interfaces/ADC.h
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\interfaces/Mic.nc
preprocessing
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preprocessing
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d.h
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preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\interfaces/I2CPot.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\mica2/ADCC.nc
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preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\interfaces/HPLADC.nc
preprocessing
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preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-!
1.x\tos\sensorboards\micasb/I2CPotC.nc
preprocessing C:\tinyos\cygwin\opt\tinyos-1.x\tos\platform\mica128/I2CC.nc
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preprocessing
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uatorC.nc
preprocessing
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preprocessing
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uatorM.nc
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preprocessing
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c
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c
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preprocessing
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c
C:/tinyos/cygwin/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/platform/micaz/HPLCC2420InterruptM.nc:
161: w
arning: `CCATimer.start' called asynchronously from `CCA.startWait'
C:/tinyos/cygwin/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/CC2420Radio/CC2420RadioM.nc:115:
warning
: `Send.sendDone' called asynchronously from `sendFailed'
avr-gcc -BC:\tinyos\cygwin\usr\local\lib\ncc -mmcu=atmega128 -Os -Wall
-Wshadow
-v -finline-limit=100000 -o
/cygdrive/c/DOCUME~1/SCE07-~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/ccYJ3Yx4
.o -c build/micaz/app.c
Reading specs from /usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/avr/3.3-tinyos/specs
Configured with: ./configure --target=avr --disable-nls
Thread model: single
gcc version 3.3-tinyos
 /usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/avr/3.3-tinyos/cc1.exe -quiet -v -isystem
C:/tinyos/cygw
in/usr/local/lib/ncc/include -D__GNUC__=3 -D__GNUC_MINOR__=3
-D__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL
__=0 build/micaz/app.c -quiet -dumpbase app.c -mmcu=atmega! 128
-auxbase-strip /cy
gdrive/c/DOCUME~1/SCE07-~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/ccYJ3Yx4.o -Os -Wall -Wshadow
-version
-finline-limit=100000 -o
/cygdrive/c/DOCUME~1/SCE07-~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/ccAzUXbl.s
ignoring nonexistent directory
"C:/tinyos/cygwin/usr/local/lib/ncc/include"
GNU C version 3.3-tinyos (avr)
        compiled by GNU C version 3.2 20020927 (prerelease).
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=64 --param ggc-min-heapsize=65406
ignoring nonexistent directory "NONE/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/avr/sys-include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/avr/3.3-tinyos/include
 /usr/local/avr/include
End of search list.
C:/tinyos/cygwin/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/ARanging/OutsideRangingSensorM.nc:
In fu
nction `OutsideRangingSensorM$process':
C:/tinyos/cygwin/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/ARanging/OutsideRangingSensorM.nc:
239! : w
arning: unused variable `range'
C:/tinyos/cygwin/opt/tinyos-
1.x/tos/lib/ARanging/OutsideRangingSensorM.nc:240: w
arning: unused variable `tmp'
C:/tinyos/cygwin/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/ARanging/OutsideRangingSensorM.nc:
241: w
arning: unused variable `z'
C:/tinyos/cygwin/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/ARanging/OutsideRangingSensorM.nc:
242: w
arning: unused variable `i'
C:/tinyos/cygwin/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/ARanging/OutsideRangingSensorM.nc:
242: w
arning: unused variable `j'
C:/tinyos/cygwin/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/ARanging/OutsideRangingSensorM.nc:
243: w
arning: unused variable `pos'
C:/tinyos/cygwin/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/ARanging/OutsideRangingSensorM.nc:
244: w
arning: unused variable `neg'
C:/tinyos/cygwin/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/ARanging/OutsideRangingSensorM.nc:
245: w
arning: unused variable `a'
C:/tinyos/cygwin/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/ARanging/OutsideRangingSensorM.nc:
245: w
arning: unused variable `b'
C:/tinyos/cygwin/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/ARanging/OutsideRangingSensorM.nc:
245: w
arning:! unused variable `x'
C:/tinyos/cygwin/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/ARanging/OutsideRangingSensorM.nc:
245: w
arning: unused variable `y'
C:/tinyos/cygwin/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/ARanging/OutsideRangingSensorM.nc:
245: w
arning: unused variable `sum'
C:/tinyos/cygwin/opt/tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/ARanging/OutsideRangingSensorM.nc:
245: w
arning: unused variable `average1'
AcousticLocalizationM.nc: In function
`AcousticLocalizationM$AcousticRangingSens
or$receiveDone':
AcousticLocalizationM.nc:127: warning: unused variable `randTime'
 C:/tinyos/cygwin/usr/local/lib/ncc/avr/3.3-tinyos/as.exe -mmcu=atmega128
-o /cy
gdrive/c/DOCUME~1/SCE07-~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/ccYJ3Yx4.o
/cygdrive/c/DOCUME~1/SCE07-~
1/LOCALS~1/Temp/ccAzUXbl.s
 /usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/avr/3.3-tinyos/../../../../avr/bin/ld.exe -m avr5
-Tdata
 0x800100 -obuild\micaz\main.exe
/usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/avr/3.3-tinyos/../../../
../avr/lib/avr5/crtm128.o -L/usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/avr/3! .3-tinyos/avr5
-L/usr/lo
cal/lib/gcc-lib/avr/3.3-tinyos -L/usr/loca
l/lib/gcc-lib/avr/3.3-tinyos/../../../
../avr/lib/avr5
-L/usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/avr/3.3-tinyos/../../../../avr/lib /cyg
drive/c/DOCUME~1/SCE07-~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/ccYJ3Yx4.o -lm -lgcc -lc -lgcc
    compiled AcousticLocalizationC to build/micaz/main.exe
           14144 bytes in ROM
            2811 bytes in RAM
avr-objcopy --output-target=srec build/micaz/main.exe
build/micaz/main.srec
avr-objcopy --output-target=ihex build/micaz/main.exe
build/micaz/main.ihex


No virus found in this incoming message.
Checked by AVG Free Edition.
Version: 7.5.503 / Virus Database: 269.17.1/1181 - Release Date:
12/11/2007 5:05 PM


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