As I recall, he had to drag dogs to the other side with the barrier completely down. Other attempts, such as calling them and putting Hebrew National franks on the safe side did not work. It took a number of times for some of the dogs. Michael B. Quanty, Ph.D. Psychology Professor Senior Institutional Researcher Thomas Nelson Community College PO Box 9407 Hampton, VA 23670 Phone: 757.825.3500 Fax: 757.825.3807 -----Original Message----- From: pamela [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] Sent: Monday, October 30, 2000 8:35 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Student Question: Learned helplessness Hello, This student question came up during the chapter on learning. I don't have the original article and can't find further discussion of LH in any of my texts. Following Seligman's original experiments, were there conditions under which the learned helplessness behavior was extinguished? If so, how many unpaired trials before the dogs regained escape behavior? Were there attempts to carry the dogs over the divider to "teach" the benefits of escape? Thanks, Pam