Just a thought about the <jsp:include... problem: try to place the "<%@page contentType=" in each file you include? When reading bytes from file with FileReader the default character encoding is used. I think you must specify your own encoding when reading the file. The suns javadoc says about FileReader class: "Convenience class for reading character files. The constructors of this class assume that the default character encoding and the default byte-buffer size are appropriate. To specify these values yourself, construct an InputStreamReader on a FileInputStream. " Tõnu > -----Original Message----- > From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] > Sent: Monday, July 02, 2001 11:16 AM > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: ?lgi:RE: Character Encoding Problem > > > > Kimden: Tõnu Põld <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > > Tarih: 2001/07/02 Mon AM 10:48:10 GMT+03:00 > > Kime: "'[EMAIL PROTECTED]'" > <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > > Konu: RE: Character Encoding Problem > > > > Hi, > > > > You should compile the java classes with ISO-8859-9 encoding. > > Look at the -encoding flag of the 'javac' compiler. > > > > In compilation the 8-byte characters in strings are > converted to unicode > > characters. > > By default the encoding is probably ISO-8859-1. > > > > Regards, > > Tõnu > > > > I tried, a few minutes ago, but the problem remains. I don't > know the usage of -encoding parameter in detail but, > I think it is related with the string constants in the > source files. The main problem is the encoding when I read > a text file and show its contents in the jsp with something like, > > <%= FileReader.readLine() %> > > And as I mentioned, when I load a file and write it into > another file, the encoding is correct. The result of my > string manipulation functions are correct. The single, > devastating, problem occurs when I pass a string with > characters in ISO-8859-9, from a class to jsp. > > Ah, <jsp:include also still is a problem .. :( > > Himm .. It is a stupid thought but is it something to do with > dynamic strings vs. static strings. As far as I know when <%@ > include.. is used the file is statically included, > at compile time, but <jsp:include.. may include the file > dynamically after compilation. Also the string constants in > jsp files are compiled, but strings read from files are > read and generated in execution time .. Himmm .. I think I am > going paranoic :) .. > > Thanks, anyway .. Has anyone encountered this kind of problem > before ?? > > Arif .. >