Public bug reported:

Successfully upgraded to vivid. During an update to the kernel the
system regenerated the grub menu which ignored the root partition on my
SSD.

Output from parted -l

Model: ATA OCZ-AGILITY3 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 60.0GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    Type      File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  368MB   367MB   primary   ntfs         boot
 2      369MB   60.0GB  59.7GB  extended
 5      369MB   60.0GB  59.7GB  logical   ext4


Model: ATA WDC WD15EADS-00R (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 1500GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system     Flags
 1      32.3kB  632GB   632GB   primary  ntfs
 4      632GB   1496GB  864GB   primary  ext4
 3      1496GB  1500GB  4721MB  primary  linux-swap(v1)

update-grub correctly identifies the partitions on:
sdb1
sdb4

It ignores the partition on
sda5

Thus the default kubuntu which boots is the one on sdb4 which is an
older copy of kubuntu 13.10 rather than the later 15.04 on sda5.

Interestingly running update-grub on the old copy of Kubuntu correctly
generates a grub.cfg with an entry for sda5.

For this reason I believe this is a late change to the grub code base
which is causing this defect.

This is a section of dmesg relating  to the drives.

dmesg | grep sd

[   19.434247] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] 117231408 512-byte logical blocks: (60.0 
GB/55.8 GiB)
[   19.434287] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
[   19.434290] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
[   19.434302] sd 2:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
[   19.434303] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, 
doesn't support DPO or FUA
[   19.434632] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] 2930275055 512-byte logical blocks: (1.50 
TB/1.36 TiB)
[   19.434665] sd 3:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0
[   19.434702] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
[   19.434705] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
[   19.434736] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, 
doesn't support DPO or FUA
[   19.434877]  sda: sda1 sda2 < sda5 >
[   19.435134] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
[   19.480834]  sdb: sdb1 sdb3 sdb4
[   19.481269] sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk
[   20.906552] EXT4-fs (sda5): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: 
(null)
[   21.872733] Adding 4610648k swap on /dev/sdb3.  Priority:-1 extents:1 
across:4610648k FS
[   22.096519] EXT4-fs (sda5): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
[   22.270531] EXT4-fs (sdb4): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: 
(null)

The sda drive is a SSD and the sdb drive is a standard hard disk drive.

Output from update-grub, note the missing sda5 entry.

root@Office:/boot/grub# update-grub

Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-26-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-26-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.19.0-25-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.19.0-25-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Found Windows 8 (loader) on /dev/sda1
Found Microsoft Windows XP Professional on /dev/sdb1
Found Ubuntu 13.10 (13.10) on /dev/sdb4
done

ProblemType: Bug
DistroRelease: Ubuntu 15.04
Package: grub-pc 2.02~beta2-22ubuntu1.1
ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 3.19.0-26.28-generic 3.19.8-ckt4
Uname: Linux 3.19.0-26-generic x86_64
NonfreeKernelModules: nvidia
ApportVersion: 2.17.2-0ubuntu1.3
Architecture: amd64
CurrentDesktop: KDE
Date: Wed Sep  9 13:07:04 2015
InstallationDate: Installed on 2014-03-23 (534 days ago)
InstallationMedia: Kubuntu 13.10 "Saucy Salamander" - Release amd64 (20131016.1)
SourcePackage: grub2
UpgradeStatus: Upgraded to vivid on 2015-08-10 (29 days ago)

** Affects: grub2 (Ubuntu)
     Importance: Undecided
         Status: New


** Tags: amd64 apport-bug vivid

** Attachment added: "Faulty grub.cfg file."
   https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1493615/+attachment/4459513/+files/grub.cfg

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1493615

Title:
  update-grub ignores linux partition

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