Hi, Hydrinos forming in the Solar atmosphere, can readily acquire a free proton to form a hydrino molecular ion. Unlike hydrinohydride, molecular ions can form at any level of shrinkage, and thereafter appear to all intents and purposes to be almost equivalent to a deuteron. They should also be able to acquire an orbital electron and behave just like normal ground state hydrogen (or more properly deuterium). That includes the ability to undergo the same normal chemical reactions that hydrogen undergoes. Upon reaching the Earth's atmosphere they can bind with Oxygen to form "heavy" water, and rain down. If this water is electrolyzed, faux deuterium forms, and will pass through metals with the same ease as normal hydrogen, or alternatively, the faux deuterium nucleus, actually a severely shrunken positively charged molecular ion, may also acquire an electron converting it into a neutral molecule which would be so small as to easily pass through the interstitial spaces in any metal.
When this substance is struck hard enough by an electron accelerated by the high voltage in the spark gap, it gets broken into varies pieces, sometimes resulting in only one hydrino, sometimes in two. These then can be further shrunk due to catalysis by O++, releasing energy, and also making it more likely that N14 will fuse with the further shrunken hydrino resulting in O15 + lots of energy. All in all this nearly explains the Joe cell. Small quantities of existing hydrinos in the water are liberated (but not created) in the electrolysis system, and these release lots of energy when they undergo further shrinkage (possibly with fusion reactions) in the cylinder. It does not explain why the engine runs cold. Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://users.bigpond.net.au/rvanspaa/ Competition provides the motivation, Cooperation provides the means.
